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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題
TheUnitedStatesisacommonlawcountry.EveryU.S.statehasalegalsystembasedonthecommonlaw,exceptLouisiana.Commonlawhasnostatutorybasis;judgesestablishcommonlawbyapplyingpreviousdecisions(precedents)topresentcases.Althoughtypicallyaffectedbystatutoryauthority,broadareasofthelaw,mostnotablyrelatingtoproperty,contracts,andtorts,aretraditionallypartofthecommonlaw.Theseareasofthelawaremostlywithinthejurisdictionofthestates,andthusstatecourtsaretheprimarysourceofcommonlaw.Federalcommonlawisrelativelynarrowinscope,beinglimitedprimarilytoclearlyfederalissuesthathavenotbeenaddressedbyastatute.
Stateconstitutionsarethesupremelawwithinthestate.AlthoughastateconstitutionmaygrantgreaterrightsthanthosesecuredbythefederalConstitution,itcannotprovidelesserrightsthanthefederalconstitutiondoes.Statestatutesmustconformtotherespectivestate’sconstitution.AllstateconstitutionsandlegislationcanbepreemptedbyfederallegislationorthefederalConstitution.Municipalcharters,ordinances,rules,andregulationsapplyonlytolocalissues;eitherstateorfederallawtypicallycanpreemptthem.
【答案】參考譯文:
美國是一個普通法系的國家。除了路易斯安那州,美國各州都擁有一個基于普通法的法律系統(tǒng)。普通法沒有成文法基礎(chǔ);法官們通過運用先前的決定(先例)建立普通法去解決當(dāng)前的案例。盡管通常受法律權(quán)限和廣泛的法律領(lǐng)域影響,尤其與財產(chǎn),合同和侵權(quán)行為有關(guān)的,傳統(tǒng)上都是普通法的一部分。這些法律領(lǐng)域大多數(shù)都是在各州的管轄范圍之內(nèi)的,因此州法院是普通法的主要來源。聯(lián)邦普通法是一個適用范圍相對狹小的法律,主要限制于處理那些非成文法的聯(lián)邦問題。
州憲法是州內(nèi)的最高位階的法律。雖然州憲法授予的權(quán)利可能多于聯(lián)邦憲法所保護的權(quán)利,但是州憲法不能提供少于聯(lián)邦憲法保護的權(quán)利。州法令必須符合各自州的憲法。所有州的憲法和法律可能被聯(lián)邦法律或聯(lián)邦憲法所取代。市政章程,條例,規(guī)則,與規(guī)定制度只適用于當(dāng)?shù)氐膯栴},州或聯(lián)邦法律通常都可以優(yōu)先使用它們。
2.單選題
Hesawuniversityasacommunityofscholars,wherestudentswere(
)byteachersintoanappreciationofdifferentphilosophicalapproaches.
問題1選項
A.extracted
B.deducted
C.inducted
D.conducted
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞辨析。extracted“提取”;deducted“扣除,減去;演繹”;inducted“引導(dǎo);感應(yīng)”;conducted“管理,引導(dǎo);表現(xiàn)”。induct和conduct都有“引導(dǎo)”的意思,但是前者有教授知識的意味,所以選項C符合題意。
3.單選題
Thebasiccausesareunknown,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen()?
問題1選項
A.identified
B.guaranteed
C.notified
D.conveyed
【答案】A
【解析】動詞辨析。句意:盡管人們已經(jīng)
可能導(dǎo)致癌癥的某些條件,但是仍不知道根本的原因。
Identify鑒別,識別;guarantee保證,擔(dān)保;notify通知,布告;convey傳達,傳遞。所以,A項identify符合句意。
4.單選題
Asthegreatlowebbofhightechsweepsthroughtheworldofonlinecommerce,twokindsofsitesareweatheringthestorm.Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”——onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet’sspecialcharacteristics.Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.
Cisoneofthelattergroup.It’sawebsitethatprovidesuserswithonlinestoreswheretheycansellshirts,mugs,andmousepadscustomizedwiththeirownlogosand/orslogans.Byitself,thisisafairlyusefulservice,andanexampleofhowtheInternethaschangedtheartofmarketingandcustomerservice.
C,however,isratherremarkableforanotherreason.Customersdon’tneedtoprintlargelotsofitems.Theydon’tneedtoworryaboutshippingthegoodstotheircustomers.Andtheydon’tneedtotalktoanotherhumanbeingtogettheirstore“built”inthefirstplace.Thesiteletsyouuploadanimageandchoosewhatsortofitemyou’dlikeittoappearon.Youcanthenchoosehowmuchtomarktheitemup—thedifferencebetweentheitem’sbasecostandyourmark-uppriceisyourprofit.
Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.An11-ouncemugstartsat$10.99.Forthat,printsthemugonapiece-by-piecebasis,providestheorderingsoftware,handlesthemoney,packsit,andshipsitforyou.Themug’spurchaserpaysshippingandhandlingcosts;thestoreowner’seffortislimitedtouploadingtheoriginalimageforthemug,settingthecost,andwritingabriefdescriptionoftheitem.
Itseemstobecatchingon.“Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehassles(麻煩事)associatedwithit,”saysMaheeshJain,cafepress.corn’sco-founderandvice-president.“That’swherewecomein—we'reoneofthefewcompaniesthatofferthiskindoffull-servicesolution.”
Butthemostexcitingaspectofisnotitsabilitytohelpmajorcorporationsoutsource(外包)andcustomizetheirmerchandisingefforts.What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore.Anaverageindividualwithanideathatcouldsell50T-shirtsormugscan’tjustifyatraditionalmerchandisingeffort,butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruition(完成)withverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk.Moreover,thequalityofthemerchandiseisgood;I’veorderedamugandashirtfrom,andbothwereshippedrelativelypromptly,andarrivedexactlyaspromised.Cisanideathat’seasytogetexcitedabout.It’sasmall—buttangibleexampleofhowtheInternetcanchangethewaywelive.
1.Theexpression“weatheringthestorm”inthefirstsentencemeans(
).
2.Thefirstkindofsitediffersfromthesecondkindofsiteinthat
(
).
3.WhichofthefollowingaboutCisNOTtrue?
4.WhatkindofcustomersneedCmostaccordingtoitsvice-president?
5.WhatisthemostoutstandingaboutCaccordingtotheauthor?
問題1選項
A.survivingacrisis
B.comingintobeing
C.strugglinginthestorm
D.beingdominatedbyastormyhightechwave
問題2選項
A.thefirstkindsellscommoditieswhilethesecondoffersservice
B.thefirstkindextendsitemssoldbeyondthetraditionalcategories
C.thesecondkindisrisingwhilethefirstkindisdecliningintheworldofonlinecommerce
D.thesecondkindoffersuntraditionaljobstopeopleexperiencedillauctioning
問題3選項
A.Itscustomersarethosewhowanttosellthingsratherthanbuythings.
B.It,alongwithsimilarsites,haschangedthetraditionalwayofmarketing.
C.Itkeepsitsprofittoaminimuminordertoattractonlinecustomers.
D.Itsusersdon'thavetotransacttheitemstobesoldface-to-facewiththeircustomers.
問題4選項
A.Thosewhosellagreatvarietyofitems.
B.Thosewhosellunconventionalcommodities.
C.Thosewhowanttoavoidthetroubleofnegotiatingwithclients.
D.Thosewhohaveproblemkeepingtheircommoditiesmoving.
問題5選項
A.Thehelpitoffersmajorcompaniesinmarketingtheircommodities.
B.Theconveniencesitgivestocompaniesinsellingtheircommodities.
C.Thehighqualityofthemerchandiseitofferstocustomers.
D.Thespeedandsecurityitoffersuserstoputtheirideasintopractice.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.詞義題。“weatherthestorm”中的thestorm是指前面的“thegreatlowebbofhightech(高科技的低谷)”,由文章第一段中的最后一句Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.(Jobsites和onlineauctioneere-Bay都是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)繼續(xù)培育的商務(wù)新品種的好例子)可推測“twokindsofsites(兩類網(wǎng)站)”經(jīng)受住了這次高科技的低谷,并生存了下來,因此A選項“危機中生存”符合題意。
2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞thefirskindofsite和thesendkindofsite定位到文章第一段中,由第一段第二三四句Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”—onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet'sspecialcharacteristics.(第一種通常被稱為“實體與虛擬結(jié)合的商店”——Walmart或Sears等商店的在線擴展。他們將現(xiàn)有的傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)擴展到在線領(lǐng)域。第二種提供了一種獨特的服務(wù),這是由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的特殊性而得以實現(xiàn)的)可知第一種賣產(chǎn)品,而第二種賣服務(wù),因此A選項“第一種是銷售商品,第二種是提供服務(wù)”符合題意。
3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段第一句Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.(基礎(chǔ)價格很高這是可以理解的,考慮到CafeP為初始投資所做的工作)可知C選項“為了吸引在線客戶,它將利潤降到最低”表示不正確。
4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞vice-president定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段中,由Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehasslesassociatedwithit(越來越多的公司來找我們,他們想做某種商品銷售,他們想向他們的用戶提供一系列的產(chǎn)品,但他們不想做與之相關(guān)的麻煩事)可知C選項“那些想避免與客戶談判的麻煩的人”符合題意。
5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞themostoutstandingaboutC定位到文章最后一段中,由What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore(這個系統(tǒng)值得注意的是,開一家商店是多么簡單)和butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruitionwithverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk(但是,使用,用戶可以輕松地將想法在短時間內(nèi)實現(xiàn),而且沒有財務(wù)風(fēng)險)可知D選項“它為用戶提供了快速將他們的想法付諸實踐的安全性”符合題意。
5.單選題
Reading(
)themindonlywithmaterialsofknowledge,itisthinkingthatmakeswhatwereadours.
問題1選項
A.rectifies
B.prolongs
C.furnishes
D.minimizes
【答案】C
【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。Rectifies“修正,校正”;prolongs“延長,拖延”;furnishes“裝飾,提供信息”;minimizes“使最小化,把..減至最少”。句意:閱讀僅僅可以使我們學(xué)到知識,而思考卻可以讓我們讀懂自己。選項C符合題意。
6.單選題
Thepoliticianisshrewdanddeep;hewas()seldomonwhatheexpectedotherstodoforhim.
問題1選項
A.transparent
B.explicit
C.prominent
D.conspicuous
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:transparent“透明的”;B:explicit“明確的;直言的”;C:prominent“突出的,顯著地”;D:conspicuous“顯著的”。句意:這位政治家相當(dāng)精明,城府深,他很少明確表示希望其他人能為他做些什么。根據(jù)句意,B項最符合。
7.單選題
Johnfailedinthefinalexaminationbecausehewas(
)totheteacher’sadvice.
問題1選項
A.immune
B.indifferent
C.ignorant
D.informed
【答案】B
【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項immune“免疫的”;B選項indifferent“冷淡的,不關(guān)心的”;C選項ignorant“無知的,愚昧的”;D選項inform“通知,告發(fā)”。句意:John期末考試不及格,因為他不聽老師的勸告。beindifferentto知“不在乎…,對…漠不關(guān)心”,所以選項B符合句意。
8.單選題
Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
問題1選項
A.Itmayputtoomuchpressureonteammembers.
B.Itmayharmthecultureoftoday’sworkplace.
C.Itmayhinderindividualcareeradvancement.
D.Itmayresultinunwillingnesstotakerisks.
問題2選項
A.Theycanhardlygiveexpressiontotheiroriginalviews.
B.Theymayeventuallylosetheirconfidenceandcreativity.
C.Theycanbecomelessmotivatedtodoprojectsoftheirown.
D.Theymayfindithardtogettheircontributionsrecognized.
問題3選項
A.Theycangetchancestoengageinresearch.
B.Theycanenlargetheirprofessionalcircle.
C.Theycancompletetheprojectmoreeasily.
D.Theycanmakethebestuseoftheirexpertise.25.
問題4選項
A.Itmaypreventmakingatimelydecision.
B.Itmaycauselotsofargumentsinateam.
C.Itmaydepriveateamofbusinessopportunities.
D.Itmaygiverisetoalotofunnecessaryexpenses.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:A
【解析】RecordingThree
TodayI’dliketotalkaboutthedangersofbeingtoocollaborative.Beingagoodteamplayerisacentralskillinourmodernworkplace.Theabilitytoworkwellwithothersandcollaborateonprojectsisasought-afterabilityinnearlyeveryposition.However,[22]placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayercannegativelyaffectyourcareergrowth.
Don’tbeoverlyfocusedongainingconsensus.Don’tbetooconcernedwiththeopinionsofothers.Thiscanhinderyourabilitytomakedecisions,speakupandgainrecognitionforyourindividualskillsandstrengths.
Somepeoplearetoosubordinatetoothers’opinions,toofocusedondecisionconsensus,toosilentabouttheirownpointofview,tooagreeabletotakethingsonwhentheydon’thavetimeorenergy.Thisleadstobuildingabrandofunderconfident,submissive,low-impactnon-leadersandhampersthen-growthandcareeradvancement.
[23]Collaborationcertainlymakesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify.Collaborativeprojectsmeanyou’resharingthespotlightwithothers.Outsidersmaythenfinditdifficulttodetermineyourcontributionsandstrengths.Thismayendupcostingyouopportunitiesforpromotionsorpayraises.Youcertainlyshouldn’tditchteamwork,buthowcanyouavoidthehazardsofbeinganover-collaborator?
Workinginateamcanhavehugebenefits.Yourteammayhaverepeatedsuccessesandoftengainrecognition,[24]youthenhavemoreopportunitiestoexpandyourprofessionalnetworkthanifyouworkedalone.However,findingabalancebetweenteameffortsandindividualprojectsthatgiveyouindependentrecognitionisimportantformakinganameforyourselfandprovidingopportunitiesforadvancement.
Beselectiveinwhoyouworkwith.Thiswillmaximizethebenefitsandminimizethedownsidesofbeingateamplayer.Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise.Selectprojectswherethere’spotentialformutualbenefit.Perhapsyou’rebringingyouruniqueknowledgeandgainingaccesstosomeoneelse’sprofessionalnetwork.Ormaybeyou’reabletolearnanewskillbyworkingwithsomeone.Seekoutyourteammatespurposefullyratherthanjumpingoneverynewgroupprojectopportunity.
Whenwe’retoocollaborative,wewanteveryonetoagreewithadecisionbeforeweproceed.[25]Thiscancreateunnecessarydelaysasyouholdmeetingstryingtoachieveconsensus.It’sfinetobecollaborativewhenseekinginput,butputadeadlineontheinputstageandarriveatadecision,evenifit’sadecisionthatdoesn’thaveconsensus.
22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutbeingovercollaborative?
【試題答案】C
【試題解析】題目問的是錄音中給出的關(guān)于過度合作的信息。錄音開頭提到過于強調(diào)成為一個好的團隊成員會對職業(yè)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響,這里placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayer即問題中所說的beingovercollaborative,因此C選項“可能阻礙個人職業(yè)發(fā)展”符合原文。A選項“它可能給團隊成員帶來太大壓力”;B選項“它可能會損害當(dāng)今的職場文化”和D選項“它可能會導(dǎo)致人們不愿意冒險”在錄音中均未提及。
23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpeopleengagedincollaborativeprojects?
【試題答案】D
【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于參與合作項目的人,說話者說了什么?錄音提到,合作會使個人能力和個人貢獻更難被外人發(fā)現(xiàn)(makesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify)。D選項“他們可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的貢獻很難被識別出來”與之表述相符,因此正確。A選項“他們幾乎不能表達他們原來的觀點”,錄音說的是“他們太過隱藏自己的觀點”(toosilentabouttheirownpointofview),因此A選項不正確;錄音中只是提到了underconfident(信心不足),并沒有提到“合作”對創(chuàng)造力和動力的影響,因此B選項“他們最終可能會失去信心和創(chuàng)造力”和C選項“他們會變得更沒有動力去做自己的項目”均不正確。
24.Howdopeoplebenefitfromworkinginateam?
【試題答案】B
【試題解析】題目問人們從團隊合作中得到什么益處?錄音提到,在團隊中工作有很大的好處——團隊也許會多次獲得成功,并經(jīng)常獲得認(rèn)可,團隊成員便有更多的機會來擴大其職業(yè)關(guān)系網(wǎng)(expandyourprofessionalnetwork),因此B選項“他們可以擴大自己的職業(yè)圈子”與之表述相符。A選項“他們可能有機會從事研究工作”這一信息在錄音中并未提及;C選項“他們可以更容易地完成項目”,錄音中沒有對比個人項目和團隊項目哪個更容易完成,因此可排除;D選項“他們可以充分利用自己的專業(yè)知識”,利用錄音中的expertise設(shè)置干擾,錄音中指的是與專業(yè)知識互補的人合作(Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise),而不是利用自己的專業(yè)知識,因此D選項也不正確。
25.Whyisitundesirabletospendtoomuchtimetryingtoreachconsensus?
【試題答案】A
【試題解析】題目問為什么花太多時間以求達成共識會令人討厭?錄音最后提到,當(dāng)我們過度合作時,會希望每個人都同意某個決定,而這會造成不必要的延誤(createunnecessarydelays),也就是說“可能會妨礙我們及時做出決定”,因此A選項正確。B選項“可能會在團隊中引起很多爭論”在錄音中未提及;C選項“可能剝奪團隊的商業(yè)機會”,主要是利用錄音中的opportunitiesforadvancement(晉升機會)和groupprojectopportunity(團隊項目機會)設(shè)干擾,但這些不等同于C選項中的businessopportunities(商業(yè)機會),因此C選項不能選;D選項“可能會產(chǎn)生很多不必要的費用”在錄音中也沒有信息提及。
9.單選題
Althoughtherehasbeenagreatdealofconstructionattheuniversityinthelastfewyears,butthecampusstillfeelsfairlyopenanduncluttered.
問題1選項
A.therehasbeen
B.attheuniversityinthelast
C.butthe
D.feelsfairlyopenanduncluttered
E.沒有問題
【答案】C
【解析】連詞多余。去掉but。句子中已經(jīng)有了從屬連詞although,故并列連詞but多余。
10.單選題
2.
問題1選項
A.Totakethemedicineforalongertime.
B.Todiscontinuethemedication.
C.Tocometoseeheragain.
D.Toswitchtoothermedications.
【答案】C
【解析】M:HowlongshouldItakethem?
W:Theprescriptionisfor30days.Ifyou’restillfeelingdepressedafter30days.I’dlikeyoutocomebackin.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanadvicethemantodoifhisproblemcontinues?
【解析】細節(jié)題。女士說藥量是30天,如果服藥后患者還不好,建議回來復(fù)診。
11.單選題
Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby"drugs”thataren'treallydrugsatall(
)sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.
問題1選項
A.butrather
B.orratherthan
C.orrather
D.butratherthan
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。no...butrather...“不是……而是”固定搭配。句意:有時候能幫助緩解病人劇痛的不是真正意義上的藥物,而是不含任何化學(xué)成分的糖衣片。答案A
12.單選題
Shechewedeachdeliciousmouthfulasslowlyasshecould,(
)
thepleasure.
問題1選項
A.delaying
B.prolonging
C.insisting
D.indulging
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。delay“推遲”;prolong“延長”;insist“堅持”;indulge“沉浸在”,一般與介詞in搭配。句意:她盡可能慢地咀嚼著滿嘴的美味,來延長這種享受美味的愉悅感。選項B符合題意。
13.單選題
Lightingcanbeusednotonlytocreateanatmosphere,butalsoto(
)featuresofthehouse,suchasornamentsorpictures.
問題1選項
A.highlight
B.underline
C.activate
D.upgrade
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。highlight“突出,強調(diào)”;underline“強調(diào),在…下面劃線”;activate“刺激,使活動”;upgrade“使升級,提升”。句意:燈光的使用不僅能營造一種氛圍,還能突顯出房屋的風(fēng)格,如裝飾或圖畫。A項符合句意,答案A
14.翻譯題
Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.
1.Whatremainspertinentisthereport'svisionoftheroleofgovernmentinresearch,includinghisassertionthatthefederalgovernmenthadboththeauthorityandtheobligationtosupportbasicresearch.
2.Thecriticismandbudgetcutsdirectedatuniversitieshavecreateduneaseandacorrespondingsearchforsolutions.
3.Wewouldn'thavenetworkscapableofhandlingmassiveamountsofdataifphysicistsandastronomershadn'tcontinuouslyforgedtoolstolookmoredeeplyintotheuniverse.
4.Ratherthanevaluatingprogramsintermsofhowhappytheymakepeople,howsatisfiedthosepeoplebecome,programsmustbeevaluatedintermsofthequalityofthediscontenttheyengender.
5.Whenamaniswrong,heiswrong,andthereisnoneedforonetobeimpressedandoverawedbyagreatnameorbythenumberofbooksthathehasreadandwehaven’t.
【答案】1.該報告對政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯,他認(rèn)為聯(lián)邦政府有權(quán)利,也有義務(wù)支持基礎(chǔ)研究。
2.針對大學(xué)的批評以及削減其財政預(yù)算,既造成了不安定因素,又激發(fā)了解決相應(yīng)問題的探索精神。
3.如果物理學(xué)家和天文學(xué)家不曾連續(xù)發(fā)明工具,以便更深入地探討宇宙的話,我們就不會有能夠處理大量信息的網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。
4.對于各項計劃的評估,不要看其令人們高興的程度,讓人們滿意的程度,而要看其引起的不滿情緒屬于什么性質(zhì)。
5.當(dāng)一個人犯錯誤時,他就是錯了,不必因震于他的大名,或震于他的高深學(xué)問,而對他有所畏懼。
15.單選題
Wehavenotyetbeeninformed().
問題1選項
A.concerningtheonewhobrokethewindow
B.abouttheidentityoftheindividualwhoisresponsibleforbreakingthewindow
C.ofthewindow-breaker
D.astowhobrokethewindow
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞inform的用法,inform一般和介詞of或about構(gòu)成搭配,informsb.(of/aboutsth.)表示“知會;通知;通告”,因此C項正確。句意:關(guān)于誰是破窗而入者,我們還未接到通知。
16.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingparagraphinthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.
在中國,筆(brush)、墨(inkstick)、紙、硯(inkslab),就是人們所說的“文房(thestudy)四寶”,在中華文明的傳承中起了重要作用。作為文化藝術(shù)工具,以其獨特性能催生了漢字特有的書法藝術(shù),也促使中國畫形成了獨特的風(fēng)格。文房四寶不僅有實用價值,它們本身也是供人觀賞的藝術(shù)品,并逐步成為收藏品。在當(dāng)今時代,使用筆、墨、紙、硯進行學(xué)習(xí)和寫作的人越來越少了,但是在中國的書法,繪畫,收藏以及修身養(yǎng)性活動中,它們?nèi)云鹬豢商娲淖饔谩?/p>
【答案】InChina,writingbrush,inkstick,paperandinkslab,whatpeoplecall“fourtreasuresofthestudy”,playanimportantroleintheinheritanceofChinesecivilization.Astoolsforcultureandart,the“fourtreasuresofthestudy”,byvirtueoftheiruniqueproperty,promotedtheemergenceofthecalligraphyartpeculiartoChinesecharacter,andChinesepaintinghasalsoformedtheuniquestyle.Inadditiontopracticalvalues,theyarealsotheworksofartforpeopletoviewandadmire,andgraduallybecomecollectionstoday.Incontemporarytimes,thenumberofpeopleusing“fourtreasuresofthestudy”forstudyingandwritinghasbeendecreasing,buttheyarestillplayinganirreplaceableroleintheactivitiesofChinesecalligraphy,painting,collectionandself-cultivation.
17.單選題
IfI______forajob,I______theadvertisementcolumnseverymorning.
問題1選項
A.waslooking...hadread
B.werelooking...couldread
C.looked…shouldhadread
D.werelooking...wouldread
【答案】D
【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句子中的關(guān)鍵詞everymorning“每天早上”可知,本句考查的是對現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè),if從句中動詞用一般過去時,be動詞用were,主句謂語動詞為should/would/could+動詞原形,所以A、C兩項可以排除;根據(jù)語境可知,情態(tài)動詞選擇would最符合句意。句意:如果我在找工作,我會每天早上看廣告欄。因此,該題選擇D項正確。
18.單選題
Weneedsomeonewhohasan________viewasthenation’schieflawenforcementofficer.
問題1選項
A.imaginative
B.impartial
C.inquisitive
D.instinctive
【答案】B
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.imaginative富于想象力的,創(chuàng)新的B.impartial公平的,公正的
C.inquisitive好奇的,愛打聽的D.instinctive本能的,直覺的
【考查點】形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】空格處做定語修飾下文的“view(觀點)”,表示我們需要一個有著什么樣觀點態(tài)度的人。由“asthenation’schieflawenforcementofficer(擔(dān)任國家首席執(zhí)法官)”可知,空格處應(yīng)該說的是首席執(zhí)法官的特點,既然是執(zhí)法官,就需要是公平、公正的。impartial指平等對待所有人和群體,沒有偏見,因此B選項“公平的,公正的”最符合題意。
【干擾項排除】
A選項imaginative“富于想象力的,創(chuàng)新的”指擁有新想法和有趣想法的能力;
C選項inquisitive“好奇的,愛打聽的”指喜歡問問題,有想知道更多的欲望;
D選項instinctive“本能的,直覺的”指與本能有關(guān)的或基于本能的,而不是基于思考或訓(xùn)練的;
均不能和“l(fā)awenforcementofficer(執(zhí)法官)”相對應(yīng)。
【句意】我們需要一個有公正態(tài)度的人來擔(dān)任國家首席執(zhí)法官。
19.翻譯題
Althoughourunderstandingoflearningisstillnotcomplete,agreatdealisknown.Learninghasmanydifferentformsandtakesplaceundermanyconditions.Ingeneral,itinvolvesachangeinbehavior.Whenachangeinbehaviortakesplaceasaresultoflearning,thechangeisusuallyalong-lastingone.Learningmaymeanthatanumberofsmallindependentactsarearrangedinaneworder.Thishappens,forexample,whenyoulearntoplayanewpieceonthepiano.
【答案】盡管我們對“學(xué)習(xí)”的理解不盡完善,然而我們對此已有不少了解?!皩W(xué)習(xí)”可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式,也可以在許多情況下進行。一般來說,“學(xué)習(xí)”必然會引起行為的變化。“學(xué)習(xí)”導(dǎo)致人們行為發(fā)生變化時,這種變化常能持久?!皩W(xué)習(xí)”也許意味著對一系列細小而不相關(guān)的行為按新的順序重新排列。就好比你在鋼琴上學(xué)習(xí)彈奏一首新的曲子。
20.單選題
ToliveintheUnitedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf’sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.
Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobyldrivehomethehumanqualityoftechnology;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlywenthaywire(變得混亂)andtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactofthetechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.
Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatoncepeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasrevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.
Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheIndustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmenttosupplementandreplacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.
1.Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.
2.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat________.
3.Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.
4.Byusingthephrase“thehumanqualityoftechnology”(Para.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology________.
問題1選項
A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobject
B.servesdifferentpurposesequallywell
C.isutilizedbyman
D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimal
問題2選項
A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworld
B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit
C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman
D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror
問題3選項
A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmind
B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebefore
C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnology
D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety
問題4選項
A.doesnotexistinthenaturalworld
B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannature
C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmind
D.hasagreatimpactonhumanlife
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:A
【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】
Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.一支長矛或一個機器人只有在________的時候才具有科技的特質(zhì)。
A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobjectA.被用作文化和物理對象
B.servesdifferentpurposesequallywellB.滿足不同目的
C.isutilizedbymanC.被人類使用
D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimalD.對人和動物都有用
【答案】C
【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞Aspearorarobot定位到第二段第一、二句,該處講到“一支長矛或一個機器人(Aspearorarobot)既是物理對象,也是文化對象。在人類使用長矛狩獵或機器人制造機器部件之前(humansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts),它們都不過是一塊物體?!?,可知矛或機器人只有被人使用的時候才具有科技特性,因此C選項正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“被用作文化和物理對象”:由解題思路可知“一支長矛或一個機器人(Aspearorarobot)既是物理對象,也是文化對象”,但是它們只有被人使用時才具有科技特性,屬于偷換概念;
B選項“滿足不同目的”:文中沒有提到其條件是滿足不同目的,屬于無中生有;
D選項“對人和動物都有用”:對應(yīng)第二段第四句“對于鳥(bird)來說,找一個棲息的物體,矛或機器人也能起到同樣的作用(thepurposeequallywell)?!保鼈兂藢θ祟愑杏?,對動物也是如此,但這不等同于有用就是具有科技特性,屬于偷換概念。
第2題:【選項釋義】
TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat________.作者引用的挑戰(zhàn)者號和切爾諾貝利的例子說明了________。
A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworldA.如果不仔細研究,科技可能會被用來毀滅我們的世界
B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforitB.科技是人類創(chuàng)造的,所以我們要對它負(fù)責(zé)
C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbymanC.如果不受人控制,科技通常會出錯
D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerrorD.作為人類的創(chuàng)造物,科技很容易出錯
【答案】B
【考查點】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞ChallengerandChernobyl定位到第二段第五句,該處講到“挑戰(zhàn)者號(Challenger)航天飛機的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利(Chernobyl)核事故充分說明了科技的人性化”,結(jié)合該段第六句“既然科技是人類的創(chuàng)造物(humancreation),我們要對用它來做什么負(fù)責(zé)(responsible)?!保芍髡哂眠@兩個例子是為了說明人類創(chuàng)造了科技,就要對此負(fù)責(zé),因此B選項正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“如果不仔細研究,科技可能會被用來毀滅我們的世界”:對應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第四句“悲觀主義者擔(dān)心(Pessimistsworry),我們最終會用我們的技術(shù)把我們的世界和我們自己炸成碎片?!?,以及該段最后一句“科技對我們生活的影響值得更仔細地研究(closerexamination)”,倒數(shù)第四句以悲觀者的擔(dān)心點出對科技負(fù)責(zé)的重要性,最后一句總結(jié)上文擔(dān)心科技造成危害以及帶來繁榮的不同觀點,而不是說如果不仔細研究,科技就會毀滅世界,屬于偷換概念;
C選項“如果不受人操控,科技通常會出錯”:文中沒有提到科技沒有人操控的時候經(jīng)常出錯,屬于無中生有;
D選項“作為人類的創(chuàng)造物,科技很容易出錯”:文中沒有提到科技很容易出錯,屬于無中生有。
第3題:【選項釋義】
Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.作者認(rèn)為,計算機的引入是一場革命,主要是因為________。
A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmindA.計算機徹底改變了人類的思維方式
B.thecomp
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