考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉首大學(xué)張家界學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉首大學(xué)張家界學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Donorfatigueand（）ofthecountry’spovertyarenowcausingthosehopestowither.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expenditure

B.extremity

C.wreckage

D.supremacy

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。expenditure“支出”；extremity“極端”；wreckage“殘骸”；supremacy“至高無(wú)上”。句意：捐贈(zèng)者的疲倦和這個(gè)國(guó)家的極端貧困導(dǎo)致希望越來(lái)越渺茫。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Welivedinasmallvillage______ahighwayandinfestedwithheavy-dutytrucks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adjacentto

B.attachedto

C.farfrom

D.adjourningto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)adjacentto“鄰近的，毗連的”，B項(xiàng)attachedto“附屬于，系于”，C項(xiàng)farfrom“遠(yuǎn)離，遠(yuǎn)非”，D項(xiàng)adjourningto“轉(zhuǎn)移會(huì)址，（集會(huì)人移動(dòng)會(huì)場(chǎng)）到另一個(gè)地方”。根據(jù)句子意思“我們住在一個(gè)小村莊……高速公路和出沒(méi)的重型卡車(chē)”可知，空格處表示“毗連”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：我們住在一個(gè)靠近公路的小村莊，那里到處都是重型卡車(chē)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Probablythehardestpartofsettinggoalsisthefirststepofactuallydecidingtotakeaction!Thefirstbarrierfacingmostpeopleistheincorrectassumptionthatgoalsareonlyforbusinesspeople.Therealityiseveryonesetsgoalsmentallythroughouttheday.Therearealwaysoccasionswheresomethinghastobedoneataparticulartimeorinaparticularplace.Simpleexamplescouldbegettingupatacertaintimeinordertobeatwork,ortomeetwithafriendforaleisureactivity.

Thebeautyofhavinggoalsistheuniquenessofeachonetothegoalsetter.Whetheritispersonal,financial,businessorspiritual,theyareallspecifictothatpersonandtheircircumstances.

Themostimportantpartinitiallyistowritethemdown.Havinggoalswrittendowngivesyouincrediblepowerwhilehelpingyoutofocusonthisarea.

Aimforsomethingthatwillstretchyouwhileremainingachievable.Ifyouachieveyourgoaltooeasily,itisnothighenoughtomakeanysignificantchangeinyourlifeandneedstobeadjusted.Ontheotherhand,ifyouconsistentlymissthegoals,re-evaluate,andconsidersettingthemalittlelowerasyouwillonlygetdiscouragedandprobablygiveup.Theaimistokeepgrowing,andmovingintoamoresatisfactorypositionforyourparticularcircumstance.

Asyouobtainthelevelsthatyouhavesetforyourself,alwaysincludeasmallrewardateachpoint.Thismightonlybeasmallthingintheearlydayslikeamealoutoraweekendvacation.

Rememberthatthesechangeswillnothappenovernightandtherewillbeaperiodoftimewhennothingseemstobehappening.Thisiswhythegoalsneedtobedetailedandasspecificaspossiblewithaconsequenceandabenefit.

Allowsometimeonadailybasistoeducateyourselfonhowtomakethenecessaryadjustmentsinyourlife.ThiscouldincludelisteningtoaCD,orreadingabookonmotivation,etc.

Asimplemethodtostartwithcouldbeonegoalinthemainareasoflifetobeachievedinonemonth,sixmonths,twelvemonthsorfiveyears.Breakthatdownfurtherintoadaily,weeklyandmonthlysystem.Stayfocusedanddisciplinedtoachieveallthatyoudesire.

41.ThesimpleexamplesinParagraph1conveythemessagethat______.

42.Thecharmofhavinggoalsisthateachgoalis______.

43.Agoodgoalisonethat______.

44.Goalshavetobedetailedsothatpeople______.

45.Foragoaltobeachieved,onehasto______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.goalsaresetmostlyforimportantthings

B.mostpeopleknowwhenitistimetosetgoals

C.itisnecessarytosetgoalsoccasionally

D.peoplesetgoalstogetthingsdoneallthetime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.important

B.motivated

C.special

D.spiritual

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.keepsgrowingallthetime

B.ishighenoughyetattainable

C.movesoneintoasatisfactoryposition

D.isevaluatedfromtimetotime

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.willeventuallyreachthelevelssetforthemselves

B.canknowtheirachievementsateachstage

C.maygetsmallrewardssuchasamealout

D.canadjustthemonvariousoccasions

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.concentrateonituntilisattained

B.adaptoneselftonewchanges

C.divertfromroutinesometimes

D.believeinwhatheisdoing

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】41.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“第一段的簡(jiǎn)單例子傳達(dá)了一個(gè)什么信息”。第一段第三句提到Therealityiseveryonesetsgoalsmentallythroughouttheday.Therearealwaysoccasionswheresomethinghastobedoneataparticulartimeorinaparticularplace.（事實(shí)上，每個(gè)人每天都在心里設(shè)定目標(biāo)?？傆幸恍﹫?chǎng)合需要在特定的時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)做一些事情），由此可知，第一段講述簡(jiǎn)單的例子是為了向讀者傳達(dá)人們?cè)O(shè)定目標(biāo)來(lái)完成事情，故D項(xiàng)“人們總是設(shè)定目標(biāo)來(lái)完成事情”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“設(shè)定目標(biāo)主要是為了重要的事情”，文中只提到了某些事情，并沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)重要的事情，這是偷換概念；B項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人都知道什么時(shí)候該設(shè)定目標(biāo)”，第一段第二句提到Thefirstbarrierfacingmostpeopleistheincorrectassumptionthatgoalsareonlyforbusinesspeople.（大多數(shù)人面臨的第一個(gè)障礙是錯(cuò)誤的假設(shè)，認(rèn)為目標(biāo)只適用于商務(wù)人士），由此可知，大多數(shù)人不知道目標(biāo)適用于每一個(gè)人，因此該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“偶爾設(shè)定目標(biāo)是必要的”沒(méi)有提到。故該題選D正確。

42.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干的意思是“擁有目標(biāo)的魅力在于每個(gè)目標(biāo)都是……”。文章第二段提到Thebeautyofhavinggoalsistheuniquenessofeachonetothegoalsetter.（設(shè)定目標(biāo)的美妙之處在于每個(gè)目標(biāo)對(duì)設(shè)定者來(lái)說(shuō)都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的），由uniqueness可知，設(shè)立目標(biāo)的奇妙之處在于它的獨(dú)特性，獨(dú)一無(wú)二的同義詞是special，故C項(xiàng)“特別的”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“重要的”和B項(xiàng)“有動(dòng)機(jī)的”文中都沒(méi)有提到；D項(xiàng)“精神的，高尚的”是指目標(biāo)的類(lèi)型，故該題選C正確。

43.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干的意思是“好的目標(biāo)是……”。第四段第一句話(huà)提到Aimforsomethingthatwillstretchyouwhileremainingachievable.（把目標(biāo)定在那些既能拓展你的能力又能保持可實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情上），由此可知一個(gè)好的目標(biāo)是超出自身的水平但是仍然可以實(shí)現(xiàn)，故B項(xiàng)“足夠高但是可以達(dá)到”更符合題意；A項(xiàng)“一直保持發(fā)展”和C項(xiàng)“使一個(gè)人達(dá)到一個(gè)滿(mǎn)意的位置”，在第四段最后一句提到Theaimistokeepgrowing,andmovingintoamoresatisfactorypositionforyourparticularcircumstance（我們的目標(biāo)是不斷發(fā)展，并針對(duì)您的特殊情況找到一個(gè)更令人滿(mǎn)意的職位）這是設(shè)定目標(biāo)的內(nèi)容/目的，因此這兩項(xiàng)不符合題意；D項(xiàng)“不時(shí)的評(píng)估”，根據(jù)句子Ontheotherhand,ifyouconsistentlymissthegoals,re-evaluate,andconsidersettingthemalittlelowerasyouwillonlygetdiscouragedandprobablygiveup.（另一方面，如果你總是錯(cuò)過(guò)目標(biāo)，重新評(píng)估，考慮把目標(biāo)定得低一點(diǎn)，那么你只會(huì)感到沮喪，很可能會(huì)放棄），由此可知不時(shí)評(píng)估目標(biāo)不是真正的好目標(biāo)；故該題選B正確。

44.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“目標(biāo)必須詳細(xì)以便于人們……”。根據(jù)文章的倒數(shù)第三段Rememberthatthesechangeswillnothappenovernightandtherewillbeaperiodoftimewhennothingseemstobehappening.Thisiswhythegoalsneedtobedetailedandasspecificaspossiblewithaconsequenceandabenefit.（記住，這些變化不會(huì)在一夜之間發(fā)生，會(huì)有一段時(shí)間似乎什么都沒(méi)有發(fā)生。這就是為什么目標(biāo)要盡可能的詳細(xì)和具體，并且要考慮到結(jié)果和好處。）可知，因?yàn)槟繕?biāo)不會(huì)一下子實(shí)現(xiàn)，甚至可能一段時(shí)間都會(huì)感覺(jué)什么都沒(méi)發(fā)生，所以目標(biāo)要盡可能地詳細(xì)以便于人們能夠知道他們到達(dá)哪一步，因此B項(xiàng)“可以知道他們?cè)诿總€(gè)階段的成就”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“最終會(huì)達(dá)到為自己設(shè)定的水平”沒(méi)有提到；C項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)得到一些小獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，比如出去吃飯”，文章第五段提到Asyouobtainthelevelsthatyouhavesetforyourself,alwaysincludeasmallrewardateachpoint.（當(dāng)你獲得自己設(shè)定的關(guān)卡時(shí)，在每一個(gè)點(diǎn)上都包含一個(gè)小獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)），由此可知小獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是達(dá)到設(shè)定的目標(biāo)后所獲得的，而不是目標(biāo)要詳細(xì)的原因；D項(xiàng)“可以在不同場(chǎng)合調(diào)整”，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Allowsometimeonadailybasistoeducateyourselfonhowtomakethenecessaryadjustmentsinyourlife.（每天給自己一些時(shí)間來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)如何在你的生活中做出必要的調(diào)整）可知，是在生活中做出調(diào)整，而不是任何場(chǎng)合。故該題選B正確。

45.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干的意思是“為了實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)目標(biāo)，你必須……”。文章最后一句提到Stayfocusedanddisciplinedtoachieveallthatyoudesire（保持專(zhuān)注和自律，去實(shí)現(xiàn)你想要的一切），由此可知，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)必須要保持自律和專(zhuān)注，故A項(xiàng)“對(duì)目標(biāo)專(zhuān)注直到達(dá)到它”符合題意；B項(xiàng)“使自己適應(yīng)新的變化”，C項(xiàng)“有時(shí)偏離常規(guī)”和D項(xiàng)“相信正在干的事情”沒(méi)有提到；因此該題選A正確。

4.單選題

Iftheinvestmenttaxcreditis()asapartoftaxreformplan,thecapital-intensivebusinessessuchassteel-makersandairlinerswillfaceahardtime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.repealed

B.inferred

C.induced

D.appealed

【答案】A

【解析】repealed廢止，撤銷(xiāo)；inferred推測(cè)；induced引誘，說(shuō)服；appealed呼吁，求助。句意：如果投資抵稅被取消來(lái)作為稅收改革計(jì)劃的一部分，鋼鐵制造商和航空公司等資本密集型企業(yè)將面臨艱難時(shí)期。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

1.（

）

Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.

2.（

）

Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere“l(fā)imitstogrowth”.Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.

3.（

）

However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.

4.（

）

Althoughthelanguageof“rights”sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognizedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.Putanotherway,basichealth-careisnowrecognizedasa“publicgood”,ratherthana“privategood”thatoneisexpectedtobuyforoneself.Asthe1976declarationoftheWorldHealthOrganizationputit:“Theenjoymentofthehighestattainablestandardofhealthisoneofthefundamentalrightsofeveryhumanbeingwithoutdistinctionofrace,religion,politicalbelief,economicorsocialcondition.”Ashasjustbeenremarked,inaliberalsocietybasichealthisseenasoneoftheindispensableconditionsfortheexerciseofpersonalautonomy.

5.（

）

Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.ThusinOECDcountriesasawhole,healthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.(IntheUSthecurrentfigureisabout12%ofGDP,andinAustraliaabout7.8%ofGDP.)

Asaconsequence,duringthe1980sakindofdoomsdayscenario(analogoustosimilardoomsdayextrapolationsaboutenergyneedsandfossilfuelsoraboutpopulationincreases)wasprojectedbyhealthadministrator,economistsandpoliticians.Inthisscenario,ever-risinghealthcostswerematchedagainststaticordecliningresources.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:H

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:E

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionA第一句，“Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide…”，可知本段在介紹每個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)社會(huì)中的健康衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)都要面臨的問(wèn)題。所以“problem”為關(guān)鍵詞，選項(xiàng)ⅳ符合題意。

2.根據(jù)SectionB中第二句，“…thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.”西方社會(huì)逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到，礦物燃料資源是有限的，自然或環(huán)境維持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人口的能力也是有限的。由此可判斷出本段與經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展相關(guān)。學(xué)選項(xiàng)viii符合題意。

3.根據(jù)SectionC中第二句，“…h(huán)ealth-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.”，醫(yī)療保健逐漸被視為人們行使作為自主人的其他權(quán)利所必需的基本社會(huì)設(shè)施之一。可判斷出醫(yī)療保健和其他權(quán)利的行使有聯(lián)系，選項(xiàng)i符合題意。

4.根據(jù)SectionD中第二、三句，“…thisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.”，這項(xiàng)權(quán)利使國(guó)家有責(zé)任或義務(wù)確保從公共財(cái)政中提供足夠的醫(yī)療保健資源。國(guó)家本身沒(méi)有義務(wù)提供衛(wèi)生保健系統(tǒng)，但必須確保提供這種系統(tǒng)?？芍径沃饕岬搅藝?guó)家在醫(yī)療保健中的作用，選項(xiàng)iii符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章SectionE中第二句，“Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchanges…”，導(dǎo)致目前對(duì)醫(yī)療保健資源分配關(guān)注的第二個(gè)更具體的變化源于大多數(shù)經(jīng)合發(fā)組織國(guó)家醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的急劇增加，同時(shí)還伴隨著大規(guī)模的人口和社會(huì)變化?？膳袛喑霰径沃饕岬搅俗罱囊恍┳兓瘞?lái)的影響。選項(xiàng)v符合題意。

6.單選題

BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas______disintegration.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthegroundof

B.onthetopof

C.inthelightof

D.onthevergeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)onthegroundof“因?yàn)椤?；B選項(xiàng)onthetopof“除……之外；在……之上”；C選項(xiàng)inthelightof“鑒于”；D選項(xiàng)onthevergeof“接近于，瀕臨于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隸社會(huì)已______處于解體。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指奴隸社會(huì)快要解體了，所以onthevergeof“接近于，瀕臨于”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

TheWorldBankhasfundedmanyimprovementschemes（）,includingshantytownandtransportimprovements.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.global

B.overall

C.worldwide

D.universally

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)global“全球的，總體的”；B選項(xiàng)overall“全部的，全體的”；C選項(xiàng)worldwide“遍及全球地”；D選項(xiàng)universally“普遍地，到處”。句意：世界銀行資助了很多世界各地的改善計(jì)劃，包括貧民區(qū)和交通的改善。根據(jù)句意，只有A、C選項(xiàng)符合意思。題干中的scheme是個(gè)名詞，之后可以加副詞作為定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，而A選項(xiàng)是個(gè)形容詞，故排除。所以本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

8.翻譯題

Atthestartofthe21stcentury,humankindfindsitselfonanon-sustainablecourse—thecoursethat,unlessitischanged,couldleadtograndscalecatastrophes.Atthesametime,weareunlockingformidablenewcapabilitiesthatleadtomoreexcitinglivesandgloriouscivilizations.Thiscouldbeeitherhumanity’slastcenturyorthecenturythatsetstheworldonacoursetowardaspectacularfuture.

Weliveonasmall,beautifulandatotallyisolatedplanet,butitspopulationisbecomingtoolarge;enormousnewconsumersocietiesaregrowing,ofwhichChinaisthelargest;andtechnologyisbecomingpowerfulenoughtowrecktheplanet.Wearetravelingatbreakneckspeedintoanageoftheextremes—extremesinwealthandpoverty,extremesintechnologyandtheexperimentsthatscientistswanttoperform,extremeforcesofglobalism,weaponsofmassdestructionandterroristsactinginthenameofreligion.Ifwearetosurvive,wehavetolearnhowtomanagethissituation.

Thesetofproblemshasasetofsolutions.Ifwehumansimplementthesesolutions,wecangraduallyachievesustainabledevelopmentandasustainablebutaffluentlife.Workingtowardsustainabilityrequiresmanydifferenttypesofactionsindifferentsubjectareas.Inlightofrapidlyadvancingtechnology,however,sustainabilityaloneisnotenough.Weneedtobeconcernedwithsurvivability.Theremustbeamoveawayfromtheuntenablecourseweareontodaytowardaworldwherewelearntocontrolthediverseforcesweareunleashing.

【答案】【參考譯文】在21世紀(jì)開(kāi)始之際，人類(lèi)意識(shí)到自己正走上了一條走不下去的路。除非改變方向，否則這條路會(huì)將人類(lèi)引向巨大的災(zāi)難?？墒峭瑫r(shí)，我們也正釋放出種種新的巨大潛能，而借助這些潛能，人類(lèi)能迎來(lái)各種更令人激動(dòng)的生活和更光輝的文明。這可能是人類(lèi)的最后一個(gè)世紀(jì)，但也可能是人類(lèi)撥正航程，朝光輝燦爛未來(lái)駛?cè)サ囊粋€(gè)世紀(jì)。

我們生活在一個(gè)與其他星球隔絕的美麗的小星球上，但是地球的人口已經(jīng)太多；龐大的新興消費(fèi)社會(huì)正在成長(zhǎng)，而中國(guó)是其中最大的一個(gè)；科技也正變得無(wú)比強(qiáng)大到足以毀壞這個(gè)星球。我們正瘋狂地奔向一個(gè)極端的時(shí)代：極端的富有，極端的貧困，極端的科學(xué)技術(shù)，極端的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，極端的全球化影響力，大規(guī)模毀滅性武器，還有以宗教名義進(jìn)行的恐怖活動(dòng)。假如想要逃此一劫，我們就得學(xué)會(huì)如何駕馭這一形勢(shì)。

這一系列的問(wèn)題也有一系列的解決方案。如果我們?nèi)祟?lèi)能將這些方案付諸實(shí)施，我們就能漸漸地達(dá)到可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)，享有一種既可持續(xù)但仍富裕的生活。達(dá)到可持續(xù)這個(gè)目標(biāo)需要在不同的領(lǐng)域采取不同的行動(dòng)。然而考慮到科技的快速發(fā)展，僅僅可持續(xù)是不夠的。我們需要關(guān)注能否存活。我們必須放棄今日我們采取的已無(wú)出路的方向，朝一個(gè)新方向前行，而新世界要求我們學(xué)會(huì)掌控我們釋放出的各種能量。

9.填空題

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【試題答案】C

2.【試題答案】D

3.【試題答案】C

4.【試題答案】C

5.【試題答案】D

6.【試題答案】B

7.【試題答案】A

8.【試題答案】A

9.【試題答案】C

10.【試題答案】A

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞性。C項(xiàng)修飾形容詞large，此處increasing應(yīng)改為副詞increasingly，故選C。

2.【試題解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Sacrifices和involve之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞involved。因此D合題意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【試題解析】考查代詞。C項(xiàng)指代前文thepaidmanagers，為負(fù)數(shù)，因此該用they不是he，故選C。

4.【試題解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在此處that指代的先行詞為questions，為復(fù)數(shù)，遵守主謂一致的原則，應(yīng)該是have不是has，故選C。

5.【試題解析】考查連詞。此處考查whether...or...“是……還是……，或者……或者……”，and錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)是or，故選D。

6.【試題解析】考查介詞。此處句意為：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介詞by更合適，故選B。

7.【試題解析】考查冠詞。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，因此professor前面應(yīng)有冠詞a，故選A。

8.【試題解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為woulddo，可以判斷出這是對(duì)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的虛擬，從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用examined。故選A。

9.【試題解析】考查副詞。Neither才是否定的“也”，故選C。

10.【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意，此處應(yīng)該用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，去掉been才正確，故選A。

10.單選題

[A]Asherfocus[B]changed,thelovepoetrythatEdamSt.VincentMillay[C]producedinthe1920’s[D]increasinggavewaytopoetrydealingwithsocialinjustice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.changed

C.produced

D.increasing

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞的用法。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子主干為“thelovepoetrygavewaytopoetrydealingwithsocialinjustice（描寫(xiě)愛(ài)情的詩(shī)被描寫(xiě)社會(huì)不公的詩(shī)替代）”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是gavewayto，increasing是形容詞，只能修飾名詞，所以要將D項(xiàng)改為increasingly。

【句意】隨著她的創(chuàng)作重點(diǎn)的改變，伊丹?圣文森特?米萊在二十世紀(jì)二十年代創(chuàng)作的愛(ài)情詩(shī)歌逐漸讓位于描寫(xiě)社會(huì)不公的詩(shī)歌。

11.單選題

Someonewhois（）usuallysaystheoppositeofwhattheyreallymeaninordertoinsultsomeone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.artistic

B.fantastic

C.sarcastic

D.romantic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。artistic“藝術(shù)的，風(fēng)雅的”;fantastic“奇異的；不可思議的；極好的”;sarcastic“挖苦的；尖刻的”；romantic“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”。句意：那些尖酸刻薄的人經(jīng)常說(shuō)反話(huà)來(lái)侮辱別人。由后半句saystheoppositeofwhattheyreallymeaninordertoinsultsomeone可知此空填貶義詞，并且只有C項(xiàng)符合所描述的對(duì)象的特征，故C項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Ittakesayearfortheearthtomakeeach（）,orrevolution,aroundthesun.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tour

B.travel

C.visit

D.trip

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tour“旅行，旅游”，B項(xiàng)travel“長(zhǎng)途旅行”，C項(xiàng)visit“訪(fǎng)問(wèn)，逗留”，D項(xiàng)trip“（尤指短程往返的）旅行，（賽跑等）賽程”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞earth（地球）和aroundthesun（圍繞太陽(yáng)）可推測(cè)，空格處表示“旅程”，而根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能夠與make搭配的只有trip。句意：地球每繞太陽(yáng)一周需要一年的時(shí)間。因此，該題D項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Amajoritytakencollectivelymayberegardedasabeingwhoseopinionsand,mostfrequently,whoseinterestsareopposedtothoseofanotherbeing,whichisstyledaminority.Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?Menarenotapttochangetheircharactersbyagglomeration;nordoestheirpatienceinthepresenceofobstaclesincreasewiththeconsciousnessoftheirstrength.Forthesereasonsweshouldnotwillinglyinvestanygroupofourfellowswiththatunlimitedauthoritywhichweshouldrefusetoanyindividual.

Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.Unlimitedpowerisinitselfabadanddangerousthing,andnopoweronearthissoworthyofhonorforitselforofreverentialobediencetotherightswhichitrepresentsthatweshouldadmititsuncontrolledandall-predominantauthority.Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.

ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength;theexcessivelibertywhichreignsinthatcountryisnotsoalarmingasistheveryinadequatesecuritywhichexistsagainsttyranny.

WhenanindividualorapartyiswrongedintheUnitedStates,towhomcanheapplyforredress?Iftothepublicopinion,publicopinionconstitutesthemajority;iftothelegislature,itrepresentsthemajorityandimplicitlyobeysitsinjunctions;iftotheexecutivepower,itisappointedbythemajorityandremainsapassivetoolinitshands;thepublictroopsconsistofthemajorityunderarms;thejuryisthemajorityinvestedwiththerightofhearingjudicialcases,andincertainstateseventhejudgesareelectedbythemajority.Howeveriniquitousorabsurdtheevilcomplainedabout,nosurebarrierisestablishedtodefendagainstit.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

3.Theauthor’streatmentofthetopicofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

4.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheTyrannyoftheMajority

B.Democracy:TriumphofthePeople

C.AbusesofPower

D.TheFailureofDemocracyintheUnitedStates

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Democracyisnogreaterdefenseagainsttyrannythanismonarchyoraristocracy.

B.Minorityrulewouldprobablybemoreresponsivetotheneedsofallpeoplethanmajorityrule.

C.Torenderitselfimmunetothegermoftyranny,theUnitedStatesshouldstrengthenitspoliticalinstitutions.

D.Sinceonesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,itisfutiletoprovidechecksandbalancesingovernment.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ironic

B.neutral

C.logical

D.irreverent

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.challengingacommonlyheldbelief

B.contrastingtwoopposingviews

C.advocatingacourseofaction

D.reconcilinganapparentconflict

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?”，如果承認(rèn)一個(gè)擁有絕對(duì)權(quán)力的人可能會(huì)濫用這種權(quán)力來(lái)冤枉他的對(duì)手，為什么大多數(shù)人在濫用他們權(quán)力的時(shí)候不會(huì)受到同樣的指責(zé)呢？此句為文章的中心句，體現(xiàn)了文章的中心思想。下文繼續(xù)提出我們不應(yīng)該把我們應(yīng)該拒絕給個(gè)人的絕對(duì)權(quán)力授予任何大多數(shù)派的人?？膳袛喑鲎罘衔恼碌闹黝}與大多數(shù)派相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.”，當(dāng)絕對(duì)命令的權(quán)力授予一個(gè)民族或一個(gè)國(guó)王、一個(gè)貴族或一個(gè)民主、一個(gè)君主制或一個(gè)共和國(guó)時(shí)，就已經(jīng)埋下了專(zhuān)制的種子?？膳袛喑雒裰骱途髦苹蛸F族統(tǒng)治一樣，也可能導(dǎo)致專(zhuān)制統(tǒng)治，選項(xiàng)A符合文意。文章中并沒(méi)有提及少數(shù)人統(tǒng)治比多數(shù)人統(tǒng)治更令人滿(mǎn)意，并未將二者進(jìn)行比較，選項(xiàng)B不符合文意。根據(jù)第三段第一句，“ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength…”美國(guó)現(xiàn)行民主制度的主要弊端，并不像歐洲人常說(shuō)的那樣，來(lái)自于它們的軟弱，而是來(lái)自于它們壓倒一切的力量。可判斷出文章并未提及美國(guó)需要加強(qiáng)政治制度來(lái)免受專(zhuān)制統(tǒng)治。選項(xiàng)C不符合文意。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.”，一種社會(huì)力量必須始終凌