考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thelegislativefilibusterisaparliamentarytacticdesignedtodelayorpreventactionbythemajority.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.observance

B.tradition

C.rule

D.maneuver

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。tactic表示“戰(zhàn)略，策略”。A項(xiàng)observance“慣例，儀式”，B項(xiàng)tradition“傳統(tǒng)”，C項(xiàng)rule“統(tǒng)治，規(guī)則”，D項(xiàng)maneuver“演習(xí)，策略”。句意：立法阻撓議事是一種議會(huì)策略，旨在拖延或阻止多數(shù)人采取行動(dòng)。根據(jù)題意該題選D。

2.單選題

Oneoftheproblemstheyhavetodealwithisthe（

）ofplasticcontainers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposal

B.dissolution

C.disposition

D.disappearance

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)disposal“處理”；B選項(xiàng)dissolution“分解，溶解”；C選項(xiàng)disposition“性情，傾向”；D選項(xiàng)disappearance“消失”。句意：他們必須處理的問(wèn)題之一是塑料容器的處理。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

Hewashere（）thestroke.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.with

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。onthestroke“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地”。句意：他準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了這里。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

PresidentArlinghasputhislong-awaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationalreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.

Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.

Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.

Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.

Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.

SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.

Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.

1.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison_____.

2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?

3.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?

4.Thedangertotheplanliesin_______.

5.Thepassageis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.investment

B.economy

C.technology

D.tax

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Support.

B.Distaste.

C.Disapproval.

D.Compromise.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thetwoparties’objection

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan

C.itspassage

D.distortion

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.areview

B.apreface

C.anadvertisement

D.aneditorial

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.總統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)是____。

A.investmentA.投資

B.economyB.經(jīng)濟(jì)

C.technologyC.技術(shù)

D.taxD.稅收

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息focusofthePresident’sprogram可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句，該處講到“所以關(guān)鍵是技術(shù)（thecruxisthetechnology），這也是總統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)所在”因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“投資”，是總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃中涉及到的部分但并不是關(guān)鍵，屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)”，范圍太廣，太籠統(tǒng)，屬于本末倒置；

D選項(xiàng)“稅收”，是總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃中的一部分但也不是關(guān)鍵，屬于本末倒置。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?民主黨中最自由派的要求是什么？

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.A.他們想要一個(gè)更直接的行動(dòng)。

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.B.他們想要一個(gè)收入政策來(lái)遏制通貨膨脹。

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.C.他們想重建工業(yè)。

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.D.他們想要保護(hù)性關(guān)稅壁壘。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.1第四句，該處講到“總統(tǒng)政黨中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行動(dòng)（strongerandmoredirectaction）”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“他們想要一個(gè)收入政策來(lái)遏制通貨膨脹”，屬于行動(dòng)中的一部分，該選項(xiàng)以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“他們想重建工業(yè)”，屬于行動(dòng)中一部分，該選項(xiàng)以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“他們想要保護(hù)性關(guān)稅壁壘”也是該行動(dòng)中的一部分，以偏概全。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatistheeditor’sattitude?編者的態(tài)度是什么？

A.Support.A.支持。

B.Distaste.B.厭惡。

C.Disapproval.C.反對(duì)。

D.Compromise.D.妥協(xié)。

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】文中作者在Para.4第二句中說(shuō)到“如果一個(gè)行業(yè)不能把自己提升到技術(shù)進(jìn)步的領(lǐng)先階段，那么它就不能有效地競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。也就是說(shuō)作者贊同新計(jì)劃，發(fā)展新技術(shù)。同時(shí)他還強(qiáng)調(diào)了新技術(shù)在未來(lái)發(fā)展的作用。作者在最后一段又提到“如果我們現(xiàn)在不能重組我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們可能不會(huì)有第二次機(jī)會(huì)。”，綜合理解可以推測(cè)出作者的態(tài)度是支持的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“厭惡”、C選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)”、D選項(xiàng)“妥協(xié)”不符合原文作者的觀點(diǎn)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thedangertotheplanliesin____.這個(gè)計(jì)劃的危險(xiǎn)在于____。

A.thetwoparties’objectionA.雙方的反對(duì)意見

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplanB.雙方對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃有不同的看法

C.itspassageC.它的通過(guò)

D.distortionD.扭曲；曲解

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息dangertotheplan可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句，該處講到“危險(xiǎn)（Thedanger）不在于一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃無(wú)法通過(guò)，而在于左右翼的理論家將通過(guò)修正案歪曲該法案（distortthebillwithamendments），從而模糊其對(duì)技術(shù)的關(guān)注?！薄１葘?duì)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“雙方的反對(duì)意見”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“雙方對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃有不同的看法”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“它的通過(guò)”，通過(guò)解題思路可知文中明確提到“危險(xiǎn)（Thedanger）不在于一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃無(wú)法通過(guò)”，為反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepassageis____.這篇文章是____。

A.areview

A.一篇回顧

B.aprefaceB.一篇前言

C.anadvertisementC.一則廣告

D.aneditorialD.一篇社論

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，該文章是作者對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃的客觀描述。這是對(duì)大事件的報(bào)道。editorial表示報(bào)紙上的一篇重要文章，表達(dá)編輯對(duì)某條新聞或某一問(wèn)題的看法，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“一篇回顧”，指回想過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情。而該文章描述的是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃，因此屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“一篇前言”，指寫在書或者文章前的序言或?qū)а裕撈恼率且粋€(gè)陳述并非引導(dǎo)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“一則廣告”，廣告應(yīng)該要宣傳什么，不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.單選題

SheisalivingproofthataTVcelebritywiththehighestaspirationscansurviveinamediumthattoooftenseemstoberacing（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.outofbottom

B.atthebottom

C.tothebottom

D.onthebottom

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。racetothebottom“逐底競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，句意：她活生生地證明了一個(gè)具有最高抱負(fù)的電視明星似乎經(jīng)?？梢栽谥鸬赘?jìng)爭(zhēng)中存活下來(lái)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

TheGrand______intheUSAis1900metersdeepand25kilometerswideatitsmaximum.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Canyon

B.Ford

C.Abyss

D.Quarry

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Canyon大峽谷B.Ford淺灘

C.Abyss深淵，無(wú)底洞D.Quarry采石場(chǎng)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“intheUSAis1900metersdeepand25kilometerswide（在美國(guó)，它深1900米，寬25公里）”可知，句子前半部分涉及的是峽谷，巖壁一類的，而固定搭配“theGrandCanyon”可表示美國(guó)的科羅拉多大峽谷，因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)都不符合語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【句意】美國(guó)大峽谷深1900米，最寬25公里。

7.翻譯題

I’mprettysurenoneofthiswouldhavehappenedifIhadn’tbeenfiredfromApple.Itwasawful-tastingmedicine,butIguessthepatientneededit.Sometimeslifeisgoingtohityouintheheadwithabrick.Don’tlosefaith.I’mconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeptmegoingwasthatIlovedwhatIdid.You’vegottofindwhatyoulove.Andthatisastrueforyourworkasitisforyourlovers.Yourworkisgoingtofillalargepartofyourlife,andtheonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork.Andtheonlywaytodogreatworkistolovewhatyoudo.Ifyouhaven’tfoundityet,keeplooking—anddon’tsettle.Aswithallmattersoftheheart,you’llknowwhenyoufindit.Andlikeanygreatrelationship,itjustgetsbetterandbetterastheyearsrollon.Sokeeplooking—don’tsettle.

【答案】我非常確定，如果蘋果公司沒有開除我的話，這一切不會(huì)發(fā)生。這貼藥很苦，但我認(rèn)為病人需要它。有時(shí)候，生活會(huì)用磚頭敲你的腦袋。不要失去信心。我確信唯一讓我不斷前進(jìn)的就是我喜歡我所做的事情。你需要找到你喜愛的東西，對(duì)于工作是如此，對(duì)于你的愛人也是一樣。你的工作將占據(jù)你生活的很大部分，唯一能使你滿意的方法便是做你認(rèn)為偉大的工作，而做偉大工作的唯一方法便是去喜愛你做的事情。如果你還沒有找到你喜歡的事情，繼續(xù)尋找，不要停下來(lái)。只要你全心全意去找，當(dāng)你找到時(shí)，你就會(huì)知道的。就像其他任何真誠(chéng)的感情一樣，隨著歲月的流逝，這種關(guān)系只會(huì)越來(lái)越緊密。所以繼續(xù)尋找，不要停下來(lái)。

8.單選題

13.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themanisaliar.

B.ThemanisjealousofLisa.

C.Shedoesnotagreewiththemanonthat.

D.ShewillsurelydothesameasLisadoes.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Lisasaysthatthejobtakesthebackseattothefamilyaftersheismarried.Shemustbeagoodwife.

W:Thisisonlywhatshesaysnotwhatshedoes.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】女士說(shuō)：Thisisonlywhatshesaysnotwhatshedoes，因此表明女士不同意男士的說(shuō)法。

9.單選題

Ireallywonder,hehaspostedmemanyparcels（）wedidn'tworktogether.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.how,after

B.why,when

C.when,before

D.why,since

【答案】D

【解析】句意:自從我們不在一起工作起，我很好奇為什么他給我寄了這么多包裹。

語(yǔ)法題。考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。wonder表示“驚奇；好奇”，后面接why更符合語(yǔ)境，說(shuō)明“好奇的原因”。Since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“自從”。因此本題選D項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

______,manyoperationsonceperformedbyhandhavecometobeperformedbymachine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Newtechnologyisintroducedfor

B.Introducingnewtechnologyand

C.Withtheintroductionofnewtechnology

D.Theintroductionofnewtechnology

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。后半句句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以前半句應(yīng)該是做修飾的成分或者并列句。A選項(xiàng)做句子for后面缺少成分；B項(xiàng)and應(yīng)該連接兩個(gè)完整的句子，但是前面句子成分不全；C項(xiàng)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，符合題意；D項(xiàng)逗號(hào)前后構(gòu)不成邏輯關(guān)系。句意：隨著新技術(shù)的引進(jìn)，許多曾經(jīng)由手工完成的操作現(xiàn)在都由機(jī)器來(lái)完成。故正確答案為C。

11.單選題

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin（

）tohisincome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:與收入相比，他在假期旅行和奢侈品上的開銷太高了。

comparison比較，常用于by/incomparisonwith與...相比較；inproportionto與...成比例；與…相比；association聯(lián)系，合伙，常用于inassociationwith與..聯(lián)系；與…合伙；calculation計(jì)算。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Herhusbandisvery（）electrician,hecouldrepairallkindsofelectricappliances.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.industrious

B.competent

C.careful

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)industrious“勤勉的”；B選項(xiàng)competent“有能力的；勝任的”；C選項(xiàng)careful“小心的；仔細(xì)的”；D選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的；大方的”。句意：她丈夫是一個(gè)……的電工，他可以修理各種電器。后半句關(guān)鍵詞repair“修理”，可知他是有能力做好的。故選B。

13.單選題

Thoughthesubwaysystemofthecityhasbeenwell-plannedforyears,itsfundingisstillintheair.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.widelyspreading

B.totallyuncertain

C.hystericallyunconstraine

D.alreadybroadcast

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：雖然這個(gè)城市的地鐵系統(tǒng)多年來(lái)已經(jīng)做好規(guī)劃，但是資金問(wèn)題一直……。widelyspreading“廣泛傳播”；totallyuncertain“完全不確定”；hystericallyunconstrained“完全不受約束”；alreadybroadcast“已經(jīng)播出”。根據(jù)句子前后邏輯可知資金問(wèn)題一直沒有解決，因此劃線詞組的意思是“懸而未決的”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

Wehadamarvelousholiday;onlythelasttwodayswasslightly（）byweather.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.damaged

B.enhanced

C.spoiled

D.diminished

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。damaged“破壞”；enhanced“提高；加強(qiáng)”；spoiled“溺愛；糟蹋；破壞”；diminished“減少；縮小”，根據(jù)句子前后的轉(zhuǎn)折可知此處想表達(dá)的是最后兩天受到了天氣的不好影響，被破壞了，所以此處應(yīng)該從damaged與spoiled兩個(gè)中間選擇，damage主要是指事物的價(jià)值或功能部分受損，spoil除了有溺愛、寵壞、破壞的意思外，還指事物完整性、完美性或者整體感受的破壞，此處表達(dá)的是最后兩天由于壞的天氣的影響，使其完美性遭到破壞，所以應(yīng)該用spoil。句意：我們度過(guò)了一個(gè)十分愉快的假期，只有最后兩天稍微被天氣……了。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

15.單選題

Thegapbetweenthoseatthelowestlevelandthoseatthehighestlevelofincomehadincreased（）,andiscontinuingtoincrease.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sufficiently

B.substantially

C.succinctly

D.successfully

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。sufficiently“充分地”;substantially“實(shí)質(zhì)上；大體上”；succinctly“簡(jiǎn)潔地”；successfully“成功地”。該句主要是講貧富差距，不能用褒義的副詞，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositioninabout200wordsunderthefollowingtitle.

EnvironmentalprotectionandSustainableDevelopment

【答案】EnvironmentalprotectionandSustainableDevelopment

Alongwiththeeconomicdevelopment,livingstandard’senhancement,theenvironmentquestionbecomesafocalpointwhichgraduallyattractspeople’sattention.InChina,thisproblemisratherdifferentbecauseofourheavypopulationandrapiddevelopment.Therefore,ourgovernmentputtheenvironmentalprotectionupasabasicstatepolicy.Andthen,Iwouldliketotalkabouttheenvironmentalprotectionofourcountry.

Inmyopinion,theprotectionofenvironmentisastep-by-stepprogress,weneedpatientandcare.Therearethewaysandsuggestionsofprotectingtheenvironment.Thefirstoneistomakeasynchronizationofthebuildandprotectofenvironment.Protecttheanimals,plants,forestsandwatertogetherinsteadofmerelydealwiththedamagedones.Thiscanmakeourenvironmentsustainableandprovidecontinuousrecourses.Secondly,improvepeople’senthusiasmofprotectingtheenvironment.People’ssenseofenvironmentalprotectionandtheirattendancearethemostimportantparts.Wecandomoreadvertisementsandletpeopleknowmoreaboutthis.Thirdly,makethelawsofthispartmorecomplete.Ifwewanttomakeadifferenceintheprotectionofenvironment,weneedthesupportoflaws,andtheycanbeourguarantee.

Weshouldknowtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionandkeepitclear.Itisinrelationshipwiththedevelopmentofoureconomic,theprogressofthesocietyandthehealthofpeople.Withtheresponsibilityofoursociety,weshoulddoitwellandmakeourenvironmentmorecleanandcomfortable.

17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.Today,weknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollution,theproblemisliterallyworldwide.Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution.Somescientistsfeelthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coalandoil)creatingagreenhouseeffect-holdinginheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingtheworld’saveragetemperature.Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater.

Anotherview,lesswidelyheld,isthatincreasingparticulatematterintheatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature-aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Atpresentwedoriotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen(thoughonerecentgovernmentreportpreparedbyexpertsinthefieldconcludedthatthegreenhouseeffectisverylikely).Perhaps,ifweverylucky,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.

1.Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassage,peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution（）.

2.Asfarasthegreenhouseeffectisconcerned,theauthor（）.

3.Theword“offset”(Para.2)couldbeatbereplacedby（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

5.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.causedwidespreaddamageinthecountryside

B.affectedtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates

C.existedmerelyinurbanandindustrialareas

D.haddamagingeffectsonhealth

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.isuncertainofitsoccurrence

B.sharesthesameviewwiththescientists

C.rejectsitasbeingungrounded

D.thinksthatitwillincreasinglydestroytheworldsoon

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.setup

B.slipinto

C.makeupfor

D.catchupwith

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.raisingtheworld’stemperaturealittlewouldnotdomuchharmtolifeontheearth

B.loweringtheworld’stemperaturealittlewouldleadtoagriculturaldisasters

C.almostnotemperaturevariationshaveoccurredoverthepastdecade

D.theworld’stemperaturewillremainstableforever

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.theburningoffossilfuels

C.thepotentialeffectofairpollution

D.thelikelihoodofanewiceage

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段第一句Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic（過(guò)去人們認(rèn)為空氣污染只影響工廠和/或汽車交通繁忙的大城市周圍地區(qū)）可知C選項(xiàng)“僅存在于城市和工業(yè)地區(qū)”正確；A選項(xiàng)“在農(nóng)村造成了大面積的破壞”，B選項(xiàng)“影響整個(gè)美國(guó)東部的一半”以及D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)健康有破壞性影響”雖然在第一段有出現(xiàn)，但是并不對(duì)應(yīng)題干Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassage,peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution...（正如文章開頭所指出的那樣，人們過(guò)去認(rèn)為空氣污染……）所問(wèn)的內(nèi)容，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞greenhouseeffect（溫室效應(yīng)）定位到文章第一段最后一句Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater（如果這種觀點(diǎn)是正確的，世界溫度只上升幾度，那么極地冰蓋的大部分將融化，紐約、波士頓、邁阿密和新奧爾良等城市將被淹沒在水下）可以判斷出A選項(xiàng)“不確定它的發(fā)生”正確；B選項(xiàng)“與科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)相同”、C選項(xiàng)“拒絕它，因?yàn)樗菦]有基礎(chǔ)的”和D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為它很快會(huì)越來(lái)越多地毀滅世界”都未在原文中提及；因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞offset定位到文章第二段最后一句Perhaps,ifweverylucky,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow（也許，如果我們非常幸運(yùn)的話，這兩種趨勢(shì)將相互彌補(bǔ)，世界溫度將保持在目前的水平）；A選項(xiàng)setup“建立；裝配；開業(yè)；豎立”；B選項(xiàng)slipinto“溜進(jìn)；使滑入；匆忙穿上；大吃”；C選項(xiàng)makeupfor“補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)catchupwith“趕上，追上；逮捕；處罰”；offset（抵消，彌補(bǔ)），在本句中表示兩種趨勢(shì)互相彌補(bǔ)，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas（僅僅幾度的下降就可能導(dǎo)致一個(gè)接近新冰河期的情況，并將使我們的許多頂級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)變得困難或不可能）可以判斷出B選項(xiàng)“把世界溫度降低一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)會(huì)導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)災(zāi)難”正確；根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater（如果這種觀點(diǎn)是正確的，世界溫度只上升幾度，那么極地冰蓋的大部分將融化，紐約、波士頓、邁阿密和新奧爾良等城市將被淹沒在水下）可以判斷出A選項(xiàng)“把地球的溫度升高一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)不會(huì)對(duì)地球上的生命造成太大的傷害”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章第一段Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution（在過(guò)去的十年中，嚴(yán)重的空氣污染已經(jīng)數(shù)次覆蓋了整個(gè)美國(guó)東部地區(qū)，甚至在遠(yuǎn)離制造業(yè)和汽車交通集中地區(qū)的農(nóng)村地區(qū)也發(fā)出了健康警告。事實(shí)上，整個(gè)地球的氣候都可能受到空氣污染的影響）可以判斷出C選項(xiàng)“在過(guò)去的十年里，幾乎沒有溫度變化發(fā)生”和D選項(xiàng)“世界溫度將永遠(yuǎn)保持穩(wěn)定”錯(cuò)誤；因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章圍繞空氣污染展開，根據(jù)第一段Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.Today,weknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollution,theproblemisliterallyworldwide（過(guò)去人們認(rèn)為空氣污染只影響工廠和/或汽車交通繁忙的大城市周圍地區(qū)。今天，我們知道雖然這些是空氣污染最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)，但這個(gè)問(wèn)題確實(shí)是全球性的）可知C選項(xiàng)“空氣污染的潛在影響”符合題意，A選項(xiàng)“溫室效應(yīng)”、B選項(xiàng)“化石燃料的燃燒”和D選項(xiàng)“新冰河時(shí)代的可能性”均只講了“空氣污染”的其中一面，因此不足以概括全文。

18.單選題

InSecondNature，NobelPrize-winningneuroscientistGeraldEdelmanarguesthatthebrainandmindareunified,buthehaslittlepatiencewiththeclaimthatthebrainisacomputer.Fortunatelyforthegeneralreader,hisexplanationsofbrainfunctionareaccessible,reinforcedbyconcreteexamplesandmetaphors.

Edelmansuggeststhatthankstotherecentdevelopmentofinstrumentscapableofmeasuringbrainstructurewithinmillimetersandbrainactivitywithinmilliseconds,perceptions,thoughts,memories,willedacts,andothermindmatterstraditionallyconsideredprivateandimpenetrabletoscientificscrutinynowcanbecorrelatedwithbrainactivity.Ourconsciousness(a“first-personaffair”displayingintentionality,reflectingbeliefsanddesires,etc.)，ourcreativity,evenourvaluesystems,haveabasisinbrainfunction.

Theauthordescribesthreeunifyinginsightsthatcorrelatemindmatterswithbrainactivity.First,evendistantneuronswillestablishmeaningfulconnections(circuits)iftheirfiringpatternsaresynchronized.Second,experiencecaneitherstrengthenorweakensynapses(neuronalconnections).Finally,thereisreentry,thecontinuedsignalingfromonebrainregiontoanotherandbackagainalongmassivelyparallelnervefibers.

Edelmanconcedesthatneurologicalexplanationsforconsciousnessandotheraspectsofmindarenotcurrentlyavailable,butheisconfidentthattheywillbesoon.Meanwhile,heiscomfortablehazardingaguess:“Allofourmentallife...isbasedonthestructureanddynamicsofourbrain.”Despitethisoptimismabouttheexplanatorypowersofneuroscience,Edelmanacknowledgesthepitfallsinattemptingtoexplainallaspectsofmindinneurologicalterms.Indeed,culture—notbiology—istheprimarydeterminantofthebrain’sevolution,andhasbeensincetheemergenceoflanguage,henotes.

However,IwassurprisedtolearnthatheconsidersSigmundFreud“thekeyexpositoroftheeffectsofunconsciousprocessesonbehavior.”SuchacommentignoreshowslightlyFreud’sconceptionoftheunconscious,withitsemphasisonsexualityandaggression,resemblesthecognitiveunconsciousstudiedbyneuroscientists.

Still,SecondNatureiswellworthreading.Itservesasabridgebetweenthetraditionallyseparatecampsof“hard”scienceandthehumanities.Readerswithoutatleastsomefamiliaritywithbrainsciencewilllikelyfindthegoingdifficultatcertainpoints.Nonetheless,Edelmanhasachievedhisgoalofproducingaprovocativeexplorationof“howwecometoknowtheworldandourselves”.

1.GeraldEdelmanwouldmostprobablysupporttheideathatthebrain（

）.

2.Itwaspreviouslyfeltthatperceptionsandothermindmatterscouldhardlybe

（

）.

3.Edelmanfirmlybelievesthat

（

）.

4.AccordingtoEdelman,toprovideathoroughexplanationofhumanmind,neurosciencewillbe

（

）.

5.Theauthordisagreeswiththeideathattheneuroscience-basedcognitiveunconsciouscanbe

（

）.

6.Accordingtotheauthor，SecondNatureisagoodbookbecause（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.co-functionswiththemind

B.workslikeacomputer

C.hasanaccessiblefunction

D.sendssignalstothemind

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.treatedasasignificantissue

B.studiedwithscientificmethods

C.separatedfrombrainactivity

D.handledwithsurgicalinstruments

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.brainsignalswillrepeatedlygofromonebrainregiontoanother.

B.experiencewillhaveanilleffectonneuronalconnections

C.distantneuronswillhelpsynchronizetheirfiringpatterns

D.mindmatterswillbeexplainedfromaneurologicalperspective

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.responsible

B.insufficient

C.impractical

D.reliable

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.clearlyexplainedbyFreud’stheory

B.affectedbylanguageacquisition

C.studiedrelevantlytosexualbehavior

D.examinedconcerningculturalbackgrounds

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.itintereststhereaderinspiritualactivities

B.itappealstothereadertostudybioscience

C.itsetsthereaderprobingintohumancognition

D.itpresentstheadvancementofnaturalscience

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段第一句。根據(jù)“InSecondNature，NobelPrize-winningneuroscientistGeraldEdelmanarguesthatthebrainandmindareunified,buthehaslittlepatiencewiththeclaimthatthebrainisacomputer.(諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者神經(jīng)學(xué)家杰拉爾德?埃德爾曼認(rèn)為,大腦和思維是統(tǒng)一的,但他對(duì)大腦是一臺(tái)電腦這一觀點(diǎn)毫無(wú)耐心。)”即可得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段第一句。根據(jù)“…mindmatterstraditionallyconsideredprivateandimpenetrabletoscientificscrutinynowcanbecorrelatedwithbrainactivity.（傳統(tǒng)上被認(rèn)為是私人的、無(wú)法通過(guò)科學(xué)檢查的精神問(wèn)題，現(xiàn)在可能與大腦活動(dòng)有關(guān)）”即可得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第四段第一句。根據(jù)“Edelmanconcedesthatneurologicalexplanationsforconsciousnessandotheraspectsofmindarenotcurrentlyavailable,butheisconfidentthattheywillbesoon.（埃德爾曼承認(rèn)，目前還沒有對(duì)意識(shí)和思維其他方面的神經(jīng)學(xué)解釋，但他相信很快就會(huì)有。）”,即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第四段第三句。根據(jù)“Edelmanacknowledgesthepitfallsinattemptingtoexplainallaspectsofmindinneurologicalterms.（埃德爾曼承認(rèn)，試圖用神經(jīng)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋思維的所有方面存在缺陷）”即可得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第五段。本段大意為：作者并不同意Edelman的觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樽髡哒J(rèn)為SigmundFreud關(guān)于無(wú)意識(shí)的概念與神經(jīng)科學(xué)家們提出的認(rèn)知無(wú)意識(shí)的觀點(diǎn)并無(wú)相似之處。(SuchacommentignoreshowslightlyFreud’sconceptionoftheunconscious,withitsemphasisonsexualityandaggression,resemblesthecognitiveunconsciousstudiedbyneuroscientists.)從而得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段?！癐tservesasabridgebetweenthetraditionallyseparatecampsof“hard”scienceandthehumanities.(它是連接傳統(tǒng)上“硬”科學(xué)和人文學(xué)科兩大陣營(yíng)的橋梁。)”通過(guò)歸納推理即可得出本題答案。

19.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanimprovepeople'smood

B.Itmaycauseweightloss

C.itcanincreasetheinsulinsensitivity

D.Itmaycauseabnormalbloodsugar

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ltcanresetthebody'smetabolicclock

B.Itcannotresetthebody'smetabolicclack

C.ltmayreducetheriskofdiabetes

D.Itmayincreaseinsulinsensitivity

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Emphasizetheimportanceofrecoverysleep

B.Emphasizetheimportanceofsufficientsleep

C.Therelationshipbetweensleepandhealth

D.Theeffectsofcycleofsufficientandinsufficientsleeptohealth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

【解析】第1題:由文中可知，充足和不充足的睡眠周期會(huì)導(dǎo)致體重增加、胰島素敏感性下降，血糖異常，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:它不能重置身體的新陳代謝。最后一句說(shuō)到“Theso-calledrecoverysleepcannotresetthebody'smetabolicclock（所謂的恢復(fù)性睡眠不能重置身體的新陳代謝時(shí)鐘）”，因此恢復(fù)性睡眠并不能重置身體的新陳代謝。B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:本篇短文說(shuō)到的睡眠不足和睡眠充足和健康之間的關(guān)系，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Excitingdevelopmentscamefromtheworldofmarketingthismonthwiththeintroductionofa(an)________newproductdesignedtorepairthereputationofAmericanbusiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.staggering

B.intriguing

C.shocking

D.irritating

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.staggering驚人的，令人難以相信的B.intriguing有趣的，迷人的

C.shocking令人震驚的，駭人聽聞的D.irritating刺激的，惱人的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處作定語(yǔ)修飾下文的“newproduct（新產(chǎn)品）”，該產(chǎn)品的目的為“旨在修復(fù)美國(guó)企業(yè)聲譽(yù)（repairthereputationofAmericanbusiness）”。with在句中引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)，和主句“本月的市場(chǎng)獲得了令人振奮的進(jìn)展（Excitingdevelopments）”之間存在因果邏輯關(guān)系，因?yàn)橥瞥隽诉@款新產(chǎn)品，所以市場(chǎng)得到了進(jìn)展，說(shuō)明該產(chǎn)品應(yīng)該是與眾不同、能吸引消費(fèi)者的。intriguing指因不尋常而非常有趣，因此B選項(xiàng)intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)staggering“驚人的，令人難以相信的”指事物的程度、數(shù)量等令人震驚到難以置信，不能和“新產(chǎn)品（newproduct）”進(jìn)行搭配，也無(wú)法體現(xiàn)其吸引人的特點(diǎn)；

C選項(xiàng)shocking“令人震驚的，駭人聽聞的”指因感到氣憤憎惡或不道德而震驚，帶有消極含義，不能和“令人振奮的進(jìn)展（Excitingdevelopments）”相對(duì)應(yīng)；

D選項(xiàng)irritating“刺激的，惱人的”指對(duì)身體部位有刺激性或因某事不斷發(fā)生而生氣惱怒，帶有消極含義，不能和“令人振奮的進(jìn)展（Excitingdevelopments）”相對(duì)應(yīng)。

【句意】隨著一款旨在修復(fù)美國(guó)企業(yè)聲譽(yù)的有趣新產(chǎn)品的推出，本月的市場(chǎng)獲得了令人振奮的進(jìn)展。

21.案例題

"Useitorloseit"isthenewapproachtobackpain.Inthelastfewyears,therehasbeena（1）changeinthewaydoctorstreatthismostcommondisease.Weeksormonthsofrestinbed一the（2）methodoftreatmentforsolong—arenowthoughttobesurelyharmful.Musclesbecomesoft,jointsbecome（3）andwhatstartedoutasa（4）acuteconditionquicklyturnsintoacontinuingdisability.Farbetter,accordingtocurrentthinking,istoputupwithalittlepainandgetmoving.

Thechangehasnothappenedovernight.Foryears,somespecialistshavehadan（5）feelingthatbedrestwasnottheanswer.Butwhatfinallyputanendto（6）bedrestwasastudyofmorethan200patientswhoweretreatedforbackpaininaclinicinTaxes.Notonlydidpatientswhohadtwodays'bedrestdototallyaswellasthosegivensevendays,they（7）onlyhalfasmuchtimealtogether（8）work.

Asaresultofthestudy,expertsnowrecommendthat（9）anyonewithacutebackpainshouldspendmorethanafewdays（10）down.Afterthatshouldcomeaprogramofgradually（11）exercise,probablyaccompaniedbysome（12）treatmentssuchasmassage,heatorultrasound.

Becauseofhospitalwaitinglists,mostpeoplehavetowaitseveralweeksbeforereceivingthetreatmenttheyneeD.Unfortunatelythiswaitisoftenspentinbedorinactivefor（13）ofdoingfurtherdamagetotheback.Ithasbeenestimatedthatforeverydayaninjuredmuscleisresteditlosesatleastonepercentofits（14）.Stayinbedfortwoorthreeweeks