考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東交通學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東交通學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theycan’tbesolvedwithoutgovernmentsupport.

B.Theyareeasytosolvewithmoderntechnology.

C.Theyhavenotbeenexaminedindetailsofar.

D.Theyarisefromtheadvancesintechnology.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisintenselycompetitive.

B.Itfocusesonnewproducts.

C.Itdemandshugeinvestment.

D.Itisattractivetoentrepreneurs.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Cooperationwithbigcompanies.

B.Sharingofcostswitheachother.

C.Recruitingmorequalifiedstaff.

D.In-servicetrainingofITpersonnel.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

WelcometothethirdlectureinourseriesonthefutureofsmallbusinessesinEurope.Thepurposeoftoday’slecture,asyouhaveseenfromthetitleandtheabstract,[23]istoexamineinmoredetailtheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseswhichariseatleastinpartfromhavingtoadapttorapidadvancesintechnology.AndIwanttolookatthesebothfromafinancialandfromapersonnelpointofviewandtoofferafewhopefullyeffectivesolutions.

HerewehavethreeofthemostimportantproblemsfacingsmallbusinessesthatIwanttolookattoday.

First,keepingupwiththepaceoftechnologicalchange,recruitinghighqualitystaffinatimeofskillsshortagesinITasawholeandinahighlycompetitivemarket,andtheissueofretainingstaffoncethey’vebeenrecruitedandtrained.Now,alloftheseproblemsinvolvesignificantcostsforallbusinesses.Buttheyareparticularlychallengingissueforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.Andthosecostswouldvarydependingonthesizeandscaleofthebusinesses.

Solet’scometothefirstissueonourlistwhichiskeepingpacewithdevelopmentsintechnology.[24]Nowweallknowthatthetechnologyindustryisintenselycompetitivewithnewproductsbeinglaunchedallyearroundasthevariouscompaniesstrivetocompetewitheachother,ratherthan,sayonceayearoreverycoupleofyears.Andthisisarealheadacheforsmallerbusinesses.So,let’simaginewehaveasmallcompanywhichisdoingok.It’sjustaboutmakingaprofitanditspendsmostofitsincomeontheoverheads.Soforacompanyinthissituation,keepinguptodatewiththelatesttechnology,evenifit’sonlyforthebenefitofkeystaff,thiscanbehugelyexpensive.

Soinmyview,somecreativethinkingneedstocomeinheretofindwaystohelpcompaniesinthissituationtostayaheadinthegame,butatthesametime,toremaintechnologicallycompetitive.

Well,there’sapossibilitythatsmallgroupsofcompanieswithsimilarrequirementsbutnotdirectlycompetingwitheachother,[25]theycouldsharethecostofupgradinginmuchthesamewayas,let’ssay,anintranetoperateswithinlargerorganizations.[25]Infact,costsharingcouldbeaverypracticalsolution,especiallyintimesoffinancialdifficulty.Ifthere’sadownwardpressureoncosts,becauseofaneedforinvestmentinotherareas,Iwouldarguethatthisisaperfectlyfeasiblesolution.

23.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于中小企業(yè)面臨的問(wèn)題，說(shuō)話者說(shuō)了什么？本篇講座在開(kāi)頭就提到講座的目的是詳細(xì)分析中小企業(yè)在適應(yīng)技術(shù)的快速進(jìn)步方面所面臨的問(wèn)題。由此可知，中小企業(yè)面臨的問(wèn)題來(lái)源于技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有政府的支持，問(wèn)題不能解決”和B選項(xiàng)“利用現(xiàn)代科技很容易解決”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息涉及；C選項(xiàng)“到目前為止，問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有詳細(xì)研究過(guò)”，在這次講座中說(shuō)話者明確分析了中小企業(yè)面臨的三個(gè)問(wèn)題，而且接著展開(kāi)了對(duì)第一個(gè)問(wèn)題的詳細(xì)剖析，因此C選項(xiàng)不正確。

24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthetechnologyindustry?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于科技行業(yè)，說(shuō)話者說(shuō)了什么？說(shuō)話者在說(shuō)跟上科技發(fā)展步伐這個(gè)問(wèn)題時(shí)提到，科技行業(yè)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的行業(yè)，各公司相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，一年到頭都可能有新產(chǎn)品推出市場(chǎng)。A選項(xiàng)“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)非常激烈”與原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“專注于新產(chǎn)品”；C選項(xiàng)“它要求巨大的投資”和D選項(xiàng)“它對(duì)企業(yè)家是有吸引力的”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，均可排除。

25.Whatisapracticalsolutiontotheproblemsofsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)什么是解決中小企業(yè)問(wèn)題的可行方案？說(shuō)話者最后提到有相似需求和要求的小型企業(yè)，如果相互之間沒(méi)有直接的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系，可嘗試共同分擔(dān)技術(shù)的升級(jí)成本，而這不失為一種實(shí)用的解決方法。因此B選項(xiàng)“互相分?jǐn)偝杀尽闭_。A選項(xiàng)“與大公司合作”和D選項(xiàng)“信息技術(shù)人員的在職培訓(xùn)”在錄音中沒(méi)有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“招聘更能勝任工作的員工”在錄音中雖有提及，但這是中小型企業(yè)面臨的第二個(gè)問(wèn)題，并非實(shí)際解決中小型企業(yè)問(wèn)題的方法，因此可排除。

2.單選題

Thedetectivewatchedandsawthesuspect______ahotelatthecorneroftheStreet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gettingoffthetaxiandwalkinginto

B.gotoffthetaxiandwalkedinto

C.getoffthetaxiandwalkinto

D.gotoffthetaxitowalkinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：偵探看著嫌疑犯下了出租車，走進(jìn)了街角的一家旅館。本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是watchedandsaw，橫線處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在這里指“看見(jiàn)他下出租車和進(jìn)旅館”的整個(gè)過(guò)程。watch/seesb.doingsth.“看見(jiàn)某人正在做（瞬間）”，watch/seesb.dosth.“看見(jiàn)某人做了某事（全過(guò)程）”，C選項(xiàng)getoffthetaxiandwalkinto符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.翻譯題

蚯蚓是一種有益的動(dòng)物，在地面上它是其他動(dòng)物的食物。在地下，它為田野和花園制造肥沃的土壤。蚯蚓能挖洞，而洞穴能使土壤疏松，因而使空氣和水更容易地到達(dá)植物的根部。這些孔道還有利于土壤的排水。蚯蚓把枯萎的樹(shù)葉，草和花瓣拖進(jìn)洞穴中。當(dāng)這些植物垃圾腐爛以后，就使土壤更加肥沃。蚯蚓在制造優(yōu)良的土壤方面所起的作用是其他任何動(dòng)物所比不上的。據(jù)有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，五萬(wàn)條蚯蚓一年內(nèi)能在一英畝的土地上制造大約十八噸優(yōu)良的土壤。

【答案】Theearthwormisakindofbeneficialworm.Itisthefoodoftheanimalsontheground.Underground,itfertilizesthesoiloffieldandgarden.Earthwormsdigburrowswhichloosenthesoilsoastoairandwatercanmoreeasilyreachtherootsofplants.Theburrowalsofacilitatesoildrainage.Earthwormsdragdeadleaves,grassandpetalsintotheirburrowsandthedecayofthosethingsfertilizethesoil.Itcontributemoreexcellentsurfacesoilthananyanimals.Accordingtorelevantstatistics,withinoneyear,fiftythousandearthwormscanproduceabouteighteentonsoffinesoilononeacreofland.

4.單選題

Hethinksthatmethodisprevalent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advanced

B.common

C.difficult

D.old-fashioned

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。題目中prevalent表示“普遍發(fā)生的；盛行的”；A選項(xiàng)advanced“先進(jìn)的；高級(jí)的”；B選項(xiàng)common為“共同的，常見(jiàn)的，普遍的”；C選項(xiàng)difficult為“困難的，艱難的”；D選項(xiàng)old-fashioned為“老式的，過(guò)時(shí)的”。因此，正確答案是B項(xiàng)。句意：他認(rèn)為這個(gè)方法很普遍。

5.翻譯題

中國(guó)的電影行業(yè)已經(jīng)步入了一個(gè)新階段，始于七年前的行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)改革使國(guó)內(nèi)票房以年均3%的驚人速度達(dá)到一個(gè)新的增長(zhǎng)水平，這在世界上也是不多見(jiàn)的。

更多的優(yōu)秀電影展現(xiàn)給了公眾，這自然會(huì)吸引越來(lái)越多的觀眾走進(jìn)電影院，也會(huì)激發(fā)投資商對(duì)該行業(yè)投資的熱情，這的確是個(gè)良性循環(huán)。中央政府已經(jīng)采取了新政策，幫助刺激國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展。隨著國(guó)內(nèi)與國(guó)際市場(chǎng)密切關(guān)系的建立，國(guó)產(chǎn)影片在海外的影響和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力一定會(huì)越來(lái)越大。中國(guó)也已經(jīng)承諾，將按照WTO協(xié)議進(jìn)一步開(kāi)放娛樂(lè)市場(chǎng)。

當(dāng)前，中國(guó)的電影制作人主要是自籌資金，但是新的籌資渠道正在出現(xiàn)。隨著中國(guó)金融體制的完善，越來(lái)越多的電影電視公司依靠金融機(jī)構(gòu)籌集資金，同時(shí)以票房收入、版權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓以及演員的個(gè)人聲望做保障。

【答案】【參考譯文】China’sfilmindustryhasenteredanewstage.Thestructurereformoffilmindustrystartingfromsevenyearsagohasincreasedthedomesticboxofficeastonishinglyinanaverageannualspeedof3%toanewlevelofgrowth,andthisisalsorareintheworld.

Anincreasingnumberofgoodmovieswillnaturallyattractmoreandmoreaudiencesintocinemaandalsostimulatetheinvestors’enthusiasmforinvestinginthisindustry,whichisindeedapositivecircle.Thecentralgovernmenthasadoptedanewpolicytostimulatethedevelopmentofthedomesticmarket.Withtheestablishmentofacloserelationshipbetweenthedomesticandinternationalmarket,theinfluenceandcompetitivenessofdomesticfilmsinoverseaswillcertainlybeincreasing.ChinahasalsopromisedtofurtheropenitsentertainmentmarketinaccordancewiththeWTOagreement.

Atpresent,theChina’sfilmmakersmainlyhavefundsraisedbythemselves,butthenewfinancingchannelsareemerging.WiththeimprovementoftheChinesefinancialsystem,moreandmorefilmandtelevisioncompaniesarerelyingonfinancialinstitutionstoraisefundsandatthesametimeusingtheboxofficeearnings,copyrighttransferandtheactor’spersonalpopularityasguarantees.

6.單選題

“Doyouthink______Ishouldattendthelecture?”sheaskedme.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.whether

C.if

D.when

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：“你認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該去聽(tīng)講座嗎？”她問(wèn)我。Ishouldattendthelecture作think的賓語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞用that，A選項(xiàng)that符合題意。B選項(xiàng)whether和C選項(xiàng)if“是否”詞義和前面疑問(wèn)詞do重復(fù)；如果要用D選項(xiàng)when，就要改成whendoyouthink。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Sheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswould（

）herlongeffort.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.justify

B.estify

C.rectify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】justify證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)?有理由的，替……辯護(hù)；testify作證，證明，證實(shí)；rectify改正，精餾，整流；verify核實(shí)，查證。句意：在確信結(jié)果會(huì)證明她的長(zhǎng)期努力是值得的之前，她努力工作了。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

8.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

RecentlybadairpollutioninBeijinghasledtoafloodofstrongcriticismfromthecountry'sstate-runmedia.Governmentofficialswereorderedtoreducevehicleuseovertheweekend,accordingtothestate-runXinhuanewsagency,whichalsocoveredthepollutionstoryextensively.Environmentalprotectionauthoritiespublisheddailyair-qualitymeasurements,butthosedidn'ttakeintoaccountthesmallerpollutionparticles,knownasPM2.5,thatpublichealthexpertssayarethemostdamagingtohumanhealth.

People'sDaily,meanwhile,ranafronteditorialundertheheadline"ABeautifulChinaStartswithHealthyBreathing"onMonday."Thevast,unmovinghazehasobscuredourvision,butithasmadetheurgencyofpollutioncontrolclearertous,"theeditorialsaid,notingthechallengestoChina’senvironmentfromrapidongoingindustrializationandurbanization.Post-crisisemergencymeasures,itcontinued,"cannotreplacesystematic,scientific,efficientandpowerfulmanagementoftheproblematitssource.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.

科學(xué)就是探求真理。在探求真理的過(guò)程中，人們對(duì)客觀規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)要經(jīng)過(guò)艱苦曲折的過(guò)程。常常有這樣的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握資料的差異，認(rèn)識(shí)方法的不同，以至引起學(xué)術(shù)上的爭(zhēng)論。因此，有作為的科學(xué)工作者都把反對(duì)的意見(jiàn)看作對(duì)自己的莫大幫助，把對(duì)自己的批評(píng)當(dāng)作最珍貴的友誼。這都是因?yàn)?，贊同的意?jiàn)未必正確，反對(duì)的意見(jiàn)未必錯(cuò)誤。退一步說(shuō)，即使錯(cuò)誤的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，對(duì)自己的科學(xué)研究也是很有好處的。

【答案】SectionA

最近，北京嚴(yán)重的空氣污染引發(fā)了中國(guó)官方媒體的強(qiáng)烈批評(píng)。據(jù)廣泛報(bào)道污染事件的新華社報(bào)道，政府官員被要求在周末期間減少車輛使用。環(huán)境保護(hù)部門(mén)公布了每天的空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，但這些數(shù)據(jù)沒(méi)有將PM2.5等較小的污染顆粒計(jì)算在內(nèi)。公共衛(wèi)生專家說(shuō)，PM2.5對(duì)人體健康的危害最大。

與此同時(shí)，《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》周一在頭版發(fā)表了一篇題為《美麗中國(guó)從健康呼吸開(kāi)始》的社論。注意到中國(guó)快速發(fā)展的工業(yè)化和城市化給中國(guó)環(huán)境帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)，

社論指出：巨大的、靜止的霧霾遮蔽了我們的視野，但它讓我們更加清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到控制污染的緊迫性。它還指出，危機(jī)后的緊急措施“不能從根本上取代對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)、科學(xué)、有效和強(qiáng)有力的管理”。

SectionB

Sciencemeanstheexplorationoftruth.Intheprocessofexploringtruth,people'sunderstandingofobjectivelawhastogothroughaarduousandtortuousprocess.Itisoftenthecasethatacademicdisputesarisebecauseofdifferentresearchperspectives,differentmasteryofmaterialsanddifferentmethodsofcognition.Therefore,accomplishedscientistsregardopposingopinionsasagreathelptothemselves,andtheircriticismasthemostvaluablefriendship.Thisisbecause,theopinionthatagreesmaynotberight,theopinionthatdisagreesmaynotbewrong.Tosaytheleast,evenafalseobjectionisgoodforone'sownscientificresearch.

9.單選題

Hewasfiredbecausehewas（

）lateforwork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.occasionally

B.consistently

C.presently

D.weekly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。occasionally“偶爾”；consistently“一貫地”；presently“不久，一會(huì)兒”；weekly“每周一次”。句意：他被解雇了，因?yàn)樗习嗫偸沁t到。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Thebuildingcollapsedbecauseitsfoundationwasnotstrongenoughto（

）theweightofthebuilding.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.idealize

B.subside

C.initiate

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】句意:建筑物倒塌是因?yàn)樗牡鼗蛔阋灾握麄€(gè)建筑物的重量。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Idealize使理想化,理想化地描述;subside平息,減弱;initiate開(kāi)始,發(fā)起;sustain支撐,維持,承擔(dān)。由關(guān)鍵詞theweightofthebuilding(建筑物重量)可知D符合句意。

11.單選題

Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredients

B.elements

C.components

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】近義詞辨析。ingredients材料，成分；elements基礎(chǔ)，原理，元素；components（機(jī)器的）組件,部件；compounds（化學(xué)類的）合成物。句意：為什么素食餐廳的菜肴除了配料外其他各方面都像肉？選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents’wishes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。alterto表示“更改，改變”；A項(xiàng)enhance“增強(qiáng)”，B項(xiàng)revise“修正，校訂”，C項(xiàng)alternate“交替的，輪流的”，D項(xiàng)modify“修改，修飾”。句意：人們擔(dān)心嬰兒的基因會(huì)被改變以滿足父母的愿望。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Theofwomantomanatouruniversityisaboutfivetofour.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rate

B.proportion

C.portion

D.percentage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)raten.比率，率，等級(jí)；B選項(xiàng)proportionn.比例，占比，面積；C選項(xiàng)portionn.部分，份數(shù)；D選項(xiàng)percentagen.百分比，百分?jǐn)?shù)。根據(jù)搭配，proportion...to...表示“（兩者）比例”，因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

14.單選題

Theword“foolish”istoomildtodescribeyourbehavior,Iwouldprefertheword“（

）".

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ideological

B.idyllic

C.idiotic

D.idiomatic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ideological“思想的；意識(shí)形態(tài)的”；idyllic“安恬的；田園詩(shī)般的”；idiotic“白癡的；愚蠢的”；idiomatic“慣用的；符合語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣的”。句意：“愚蠢”這個(gè)詞用來(lái)描述你的行為太溫和了，我更喜歡用“白癡的”這個(gè)單詞。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

（

）Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthathetoforce.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolved

B.recurred

C.exerted

D.resorted

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:自那次試驗(yàn)失敗后，他訴諸武力。

resolve:決心，分解;recur:復(fù)發(fā)，重視，再發(fā)生;exert:運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮。resort:求助，訴諸。此句是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)是狀語(yǔ)。Resortto訴諸,求助于。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Thenewspaperdidnotmentionthe（）ofthedamagecausedbythefire.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.range

B.level

C.extent

D.quantity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。range“范圍”；level“水平，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，常強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的差異性和職權(quán)等的范圍”；extent“程度，范圍，長(zhǎng)度”；quantity“數(shù)量”。句意：這家報(bào)紙沒(méi)有提到由于火災(zāi)所造成的損害程度。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Whenyourparentsadviseyouto“getaneducation”inordertoraiseyourincome,theytellyouonlyhalfthetruth.Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,butnotsomuchthatyouproveanembarrassmenttoyoursociety.

Getahighschooldiploma,atleast.Withoutthat,youwillbeoccupationallydead,unlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaworThomasAlvaEdison,andyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool.

Getacollegedegree,ifpossible.WithaB.A.,youareonthelaunchingpad（發(fā)射臺(tái)）.Butnowyouhavetostarttoputonthebrakes.Ifyougoforamaster’sdegree,makesureitisanandonlyfromafirst-rateuniversity.Beyondthis,thefamouslawofdiminishingreturns（報(bào)酬遞減率）beginstotakeeffect.

Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-haultruckdriversearnmoreperyearthanfullprofessors?Yes,theaverage1977salaryforthosetruckerswas$24,000,whilethefullprofessorsmanagedtoaveragejust$23,030.

APh.D.D.isthehighestdegreeyoucanget,butexceptinafewspecializedfieldssuchasphysicsorchemistry,wherethedegreecanquicklybeturnedtoindustrialorcommercialpurposes,youarefacingadimfuture.TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthiscountrythananyotherpartoftheworldbyfar.

IfyoubecomeadoctorofphilosophyinEnglishorhistoryoranthropologyorpoliticalscienceorlanguagesor—worstofall—inphilosophy,youruntheriskofbecomingovereducatedforournationaldemands.Notforourneeds,mindyou,butforourdemands.

ThousandsofPh.D.saresellingshoes,drivingcars,waitingontablesandfillingoutfruitlessapplicationsmonthaftermonth.Andthenmaybetakingajobinsomehighschoolorbackwatercollegepaysmuchlessthanthejanitor（看門(mén)人）earns.

Youcanequatethelevelofincomewiththelevelofeducationonlysofar.Farenough,thatis,tomakeyouusefultothegrossnationalproduct,butnotsofarthatnobodycanturnmuchofaprofitonyou.

1.Accordingtothewriter,whatthesocietyexpectsofeducationistoturnoutpeoplewho______.

2.IfyouareasgiftedasBernardShaworEdison,______.

3.Ph.D.saremostlikelyto

.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Thewriteriscriticalof

.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willnotbeashametothesociety

B.willbecomeskilledworkers

C.cantakecareofthemselves

D.canmeetthedemandsasasourceofmanpower

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.youcangetahighschooldiplomawithoutdifficulty

B.youwillbesuccessfulinagradeschool

C.youcanbeprofessionallysuccessfulwithoutadiploma

D.theleastyoushoulddoistogetadiploma

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.havedifficultiesgettingproperlyemployed

B.beemployedinthefieldsofcommerceorindustry

C.havetofilloutapplicationformsmonthaftermonthforothers

D.workinschoolsorcollegeswithlowpay

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.BernardShawdidn’tfinishhighschools,nordidEdison

B.TherearefarmorePhDsthanthesocietydemands

C.Thehigheryoureducationlevel,themoremoneyyouwillearn

D.Ifyouaretoowell-educated,you’llmakethingsdifficultforthesociety

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theemployees

B.thePhDs

C.theemployers

D.thesociety

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第二句提到他們真正的期望是獲得足夠的教育來(lái)為社會(huì)提供人力（Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到高中文憑是必要的，如果沒(méi)有的話，除非你是蕭伯納或者愛(ài)迪生，如果你是他們，你小學(xué)輟學(xué)都行（unlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaworThomasAlvaEdison,andyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool），因?yàn)樗麄兙退銢](méi)有文憑，也在各自領(lǐng)域中脫穎而出，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第五段倒數(shù)第一句話提到美國(guó)失業(yè)或未充分就業(yè)的博士人數(shù)比世界上其他國(guó)家要多（TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthiscountrythananyotherpartoftheworldbyfar），由此可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第五段可知很多博士就業(yè)問(wèn)題并不是很理想，由此可知選項(xiàng)C表述是錯(cuò)誤的，符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。無(wú)論是雇主、雇員還有博士生本人都是屬于社會(huì)中的一員，一系列狀況都是社會(huì)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致的，因此作者批判的是這個(gè)社會(huì)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

18.單選題

Weknowthatchronicpaincandisruptaperson’slife,causingproblemsthatrangefrommissedworktodepression.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.short-term

B.acute

C.bitter

D.long-lasting?

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)short-term“短期的”；B選項(xiàng)acute“嚴(yán)重的，[醫(yī)]急性的；敏銳的；激烈的；尖聲的”；C選項(xiàng)bitter“苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充滿仇恨的”；D選項(xiàng)long-lasting“持久的；長(zhǎng)期的，持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的”。句意：我們知道，慢性疼痛會(huì)擾亂一個(gè)人的生活，導(dǎo)致從曠工到抑郁等一系列問(wèn)題。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞chronic“慢性的；長(zhǎng)期的；習(xí)慣性的”，得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Oftenthedifficultiesofgrowingupinthepubliceyecausechildprodigiesto（）theworldofachievementbeforereachingadulthood;happily,theysometimeslaterreturntocompetitionandsucceedbrilliantly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ridicule

B.retirefrom

C.examine

D.conquer

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；B選項(xiàng)retirefrom“退休；退出；從……退休”；C選項(xiàng)examine“檢查；調(diào)查；檢測(cè)；考試”；D選項(xiàng)conquer“戰(zhàn)勝，征服；攻克，攻取”。句意：在公眾的目光下成長(zhǎng)的困難往往導(dǎo)致神童在成年之前就從成就的世界中退休；令人高興的是，他們有時(shí)會(huì)在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲勝。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gaps

B.rate

C.length

D.intervals

【答案】D

【解析】句意:學(xué)生或老師可以每隔一段時(shí)間就進(jìn)行一次短途旅行，到海島附近美麗的沙灘上去。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。at...rate以……速度：atintervals不時(shí)，每隔一段時(shí)間;atlength詳盡地;atgap,無(wú)此搭配。故選D。

21.單選題

Shedidherwork（

）hermanagerhadinstructed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.until

B.when

C.as

D.though

【答案】C

【解析】句意:她照經(jīng)理說(shuō)的做自己的工作。

連詞辨析。As按照，如同,引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ),符合句意。until直到,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;when當(dāng)…時(shí)候,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;though即使,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

22.單選題

Facebookandmobilephonesmeanthatmanyfeeltheycanneverhavetimeofffromplaygroundgossip.Parentstoldmehowtheirdaughtersworriedabouttheirbodyimagefromasyounganageasseven.Forparentsofmygeneration,contemplatinghowourchildrenarefearing,andwhetherwearegivingthemwhattheytrulyneed,isnotaneasythingtodo.Ihavetwosonsagedsevenandfour,myhusbandandIbothworkfull-time.Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.

Whenwepolledmorethan1,000parentswhousethewebsiteMumsnet,theresultsrevealedwidespreadconcernamongparentsaboutpressureschildrenfacetoday.Twothirds(64percent)saidthereistoomuchtestinginschools,78percentsaidchildrendon'tgettoplayoutdoorsenoughontheirown,andthreequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.Thestatisticsalsopointtoadramaticriseinthelevelofchildhooddepressionoverthecourseofageneration.

Threeyearsago,Britainrankedbottomoutof21countriesinaUNsurveyofchildren'swellbeingintheworld.Oneinfouroftheparentswequestionedsaidtheybelievedtheirkidsarelesshappythantheywereatthesameage.Aworryingconsequenceofallofthisisthedramaticriseinmentalhealthproblemsintheyoung,upbyashocking70percentsincethe1970s.Oneintenofourteenagechildrennowhasadiagnosablementalhealthcondition.

ImetAnnabelleDavies,a19-year-oldwhohadbeenanoutgoing,academicallygiftedyoungschoolgirl.Aftershemissedafewweeksofschoolaged15duetoavirus,shefellbehindwithherschoolwork,andfoundshecouldnolongercope.Thedepressionthatsetinwaspunctuatedbysuicideattemptsandperiodsinacutepsychiatricunits.Atherlowestpoints,herexhaustedparentscouldn'triskleavingheralone.Annabellehassufferedseveredepressionfornearlyfiveyears,isnowpainfullythinandexistsonheavymedication.Wesatandchattedonhermum’ssofa,‘Ifeltpressuredtobedoingwellinmyexams,togetgoodgrades,togoontouniversity-andwasscaredIwasgoingtoletpeopledown,thatIwasgoingtofail.Ifeltphysicallysick.Icouldn'tstopcrying.IfeltthatwhateverIdidwouldn'tbeenough.Andyouhateyourselfbecauseyou'reweak”

OneoftheexpertsIspoketo,TimGill,achildhoodplayconsultant,believesthatcontemporarypressures,combinedwiththewaywenowraiseandeducateourchildren,isleavingmanyunabletocope.Forhim,it’stimetogobacktobasics-freedomtoplay,toexploreandtomakemistakes:"Ithinkbacktomyownchildhood,whenmygenerationroamedfarandwide.Buttoday'schildrenarenotfree-ranged-they'rebattery-reared."

Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sfamilythat（

）.

2.Howmanyparentshavelimitedtimewiththeirchildrenaccordingtothepoll?

3.Accordingtothepassage,TimGillholdstheideathat

（

）.

4.Howdoestheauthorthinkaboutthechildhooddepressionbynow?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sonscausemuchpressuretoparentsthandaughters

B.oneoftheparentsshouldleaveworkfortheirchild

C.socialpressureisgoodforchildren’sfuturedevelopment

D.it’shardtomakechildrenequippedtovariouspressures

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Two-thirds.

B.Seventy-eightpercent.

C.Threequarters.

D.Morethanonethousand.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldeducatetheirchildrenbythemselves

B.socialpressureisgoodforchildrentobecomemature

C.today'schildrenbearmorestudyburdenthanbefore

D.childrenneedmorestimulusfromschoolsandsociety

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.It’soptimistictoseesomechangesonthisproblem.

B.Sheistotallydepressedbythepolitician'sefforts.

C.Mostschoolsbegintodoabetterjobthanbefore.

D.Itsreflectionoftheparents’childhoodfailure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句‘Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.時(shí)間安排不可避免地會(huì)帶來(lái)壓力，孩子們會(huì)因?yàn)橛凶銐虻臅r(shí)間而焦慮，尤其是我們是否準(zhǔn)備好讓他們應(yīng)付未來(lái)的學(xué)業(yè)和社會(huì)壓力。’確定D選項(xiàng)‘要使孩子們適應(yīng)各種壓力是很困難的’符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段第二句話‘threequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.四分之三(75%)的人認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作讓他們很難有足夠的時(shí)間和家人在一起?！_定C選項(xiàng)‘四分之三’符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段確定TimGill的觀點(diǎn)是當(dāng)今的孩子們的壓力比之前的大得多，所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意，正確。

4.根據(jù)文章最后一句‘Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.高興地是，已經(jīng)有兆頭顯示有一些父母和學(xué)校甚至政治家已經(jīng)意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題‘確定A選項(xiàng)‘在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上看到一些變化是樂(lè)觀的’正確。

23.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheformofbehavioralpsychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday,butthen“edited”atnight,toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.

Totellthedifference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.TheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupisinterestedisrapideyemovement(REM)sleep,whenbrainandbodyareactive,heartrateandbloodpressureincrease,theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasifwatchingamovie,andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthisperiodofsleepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.

Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleastheypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetaskrequiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible,inresponsetoalightcomingoninoneofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis,theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whattheydidnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthattheylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnot.

Whatismore,thosewithmoretolearn(i.e.,the“grammar”,aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushingthebutton)havemoreactivebrains.The“editing”theorywouldnotpredictthat,sincethenumberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanydoubtsthattheexperimentalsubjectswerelearningasopposedtounlearning,theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep.

Theteam,therefore,concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthematerialbeinglearnt.Sonow,ontheeveofthatcrucialtest,mathsstudentscansleepsoundlyintheknowledgethatwhattheywillrememberthenextdayarethebasicrulesofalgebraandnottheincoherenttalkfromtheradionextdoor.

6.Researchersinbehavioralpsychologyaredividedwithregardto（）.

7.Asmanifestedintheexperimentalstudy,rapideyemovementischaracterizedby（）.

8.Byreferringtotheartificialgrammar,theauthorintendstoshow（）.

9.Intheirstudy,researchersledbyPierreMaquettookadvantageofthetechniqueof（）.

10.WhatadvicemightMaquetgivetothosewhohaveacrucialtestthenextday?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.howdreamsaremodifiedintheircourses

B.thedifferencebetweensleepandwakefulness

C.whysleepisofgreatbenefittomemory

D.thefunctionsofagoodnight’ssleep

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.intenselyactivebrainwavetraces

B.subjects’quickerresponsetimes

C.complicatedmemorypatterns

D.revivalofeventsinthepreviousday

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itssignificanceinthestudy

B.aninherentpatternbeinglearnt

C.itsresemblancetothelights

D.theimportanceofanight’ssleep

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.exposingalong-heldfolkwisdom

B.clarifyingthepredictionsondreams

C.makingcontrastsandcomparisons

D.correlatingeffectswiththeircauses

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Memorizinggrammarwithgreatefforts.

B.Studytextbookswithcloseattention.

C.Havetheirbrainimagesrecorded.

D.Enjoytheirsleepatnightsoundly.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】6.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文中第一段Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.（但是這樣的行為研究并不能區(qū)分為什么睡眠對(duì)記憶力有好處的兩種相互矛盾的理論），所以他們對(duì)為什么睡眠對(duì)記憶力有好處持有不同的觀點(diǎn)，故應(yīng)選C選項(xiàng)“為什么睡眠對(duì)記憶力很有好處”。A選項(xiàng)“夢(mèng)是如何在課程中被修改的”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“睡眠和清醒的區(qū)別”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)好覺(jué)的作用”，過(guò)于片面，可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段中指出“…whenbrainandbodyareactive”，大腦積極運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)是眼珠快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的主要特征，且在第三、四段又再次說(shuō)明。選項(xiàng)B“被研究者更快的反應(yīng)速度”，選項(xiàng)C“復(fù)雜的記憶模式”和選項(xiàng)D“前一天事件的重現(xiàn)”都不是眼球快速運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要特征。故應(yīng)選A“強(qiáng)烈活躍的腦電波痕跡”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文的第三段最后Whattheydidnotknow…followeda