2019考研復(fù)試英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)講義

第一章考研復(fù)試英語(yǔ)概 一.考研復(fù)試英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)概 二．考研復(fù)試英語(yǔ)筆試考試介 三．英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)考研面試題 第二章復(fù)試口 第三章復(fù)試第四章英文自我介 第五章高頻英語(yǔ)問(wèn) 第六章復(fù)試英語(yǔ)翻 第七章面試熱 一．熱點(diǎn)概 二．思路點(diǎn) 第一章考研復(fù)試英語(yǔ)一考研復(fù)試英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)概況語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確A、B、C、D四個(gè)檔次評(píng)定（優(yōu)秀、良好、及格、不及格）優(yōu)秀--能用外語(yǔ)就指定的話題進(jìn)行口頭交流，基本沒(méi)有；影響交流小組討論：兩人或多人一組，就給定題目進(jìn)行討論看圖評(píng)論：作文，對(duì)單圖或組圖所承載的內(nèi)容評(píng)論。抽題：給定題目，抽到題目后在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備，然后朗讀翻譯：隨機(jī)文章朗讀，就文章內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)材料問(wèn)答：聽(tīng)一段材料，根據(jù)內(nèi)容英語(yǔ)作答除此之外，還有人機(jī)等題型一般包括常規(guī)的英語(yǔ)筆試題和英語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)能力的考查上，主要是以翻譯和為主。型。材料的選擇上，大六級(jí)材料是不錯(cuò)的選擇。哲理性文章，亦或是某位的。站或報(bào)紙雜志，目的就是要考查考生閱讀外的能力。寫(xiě)作：和初試簡(jiǎn)單自我介紹及問(wèn)題互動(dòng)（考查考生口語(yǔ)水平視英漢交傳互復(fù)面試參考書(shū)目 系列，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究《英漢視譯《基礎(chǔ)口譯《交替?zhèn)髯g《口譯一.口語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)糾正自身發(fā)音，提高口語(yǔ)水平。英美音標(biāo)主要差異舉自主訓(xùn)練方練習(xí)繞口復(fù)述+跟讀+對(duì)比聽(tīng)看熱身訓(xùn)練——繞口TongueTheraininSpainstaysinthe西班牙的雨落在平原Mikelikestowritelettersbythebrightmoonlightat喜歡在夜晚明亮的月光下/?/Shesellsseas sbytheseashore.Thes sshesellsaresurely 她在海邊賣(mài)貝殼。她賣(mài)的貝殼的確是海PeterPiperpickedapackofpickledpepperpreparedbyhisparentsputtheminabigpaperPeterPiper拿起一包他父母準(zhǔn)備的腌制的辣椒然后放在了一個(gè)大紙盤(pán)Threewitcheswerewatchingthreewristwatches.Whichwitchwatchedwhichwristwatch?三個(gè)女巫看著三塊手表。她們分別在看哪塊手表二.口試技留好第一印盡量積極主with”“Aconend”“Fr靈活應(yīng)對(duì)錯(cuò)第三一.考試形式不單獨(dú)考查，與口語(yǔ)面試一起綜合考查考生的聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力能聽(tīng)懂所熟悉領(lǐng)域的廣播電視、講座、和論述等。及其他一些英語(yǔ)考試的題型和難度。問(wèn)題：究竟為何聽(tīng)不懂二?？碱}型材料可能是一段獨(dú)白，也可能是一段、、。要求考生根據(jù)所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容從所給的三到四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選取最佳選項(xiàng)。四六級(jí)白、、或內(nèi)容，填充空白?？疾榈男问娇赡苁菆D表、地聽(tīng)要求考生根據(jù)所聽(tīng)到的獨(dú)白或簡(jiǎn)要回答所給出的問(wèn)題三．制勝法的英語(yǔ)基本功和知識(shí)面有著密切聯(lián)系。提高水平不能一蹴而就，是一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)、日積月累的過(guò)程，考生應(yīng)努力做到以3點(diǎn)：夯實(shí)英語(yǔ)基比如，tough在下面不同的搭配里，含義各不相同Shewashavingatoughtimewiththatdifficulttask.艱難的)Heisknownasatoughteacher.(嚴(yán)厲的)Mybossisatoughmantoconvince.(頑固的)Thecompetitionisreallytough.(激烈的)Cooperatingwithhimisatoughmatter.棘手的)注重背景知識(shí)的積聽(tīng)懂材料有時(shí)并非全靠語(yǔ)言信息，而要同時(shí)借助一些與背景理解能力的一個(gè)重要因素。A：Whydon’tyougotoB：Well,I'lllyou.ThefirsttimeIwenttochurchtheythrewwaterinmyfaceandthesecondtimetheytiemetoawomanI’vehadtokeepeversince.A：Yes,andthenexttimeyougothey’llthrowdirton母將新生兒抱到教堂洗禮時(shí)，牧師將水潑到小孩臉上；“tiemetoawomanI’vehadtokeepeversince”指的是在教堂舉行了婚禮；“they’llthrowdirtonyou”指西方人死后由牧師做最后祈禱并向棺材撩土再進(jìn)行埋葬。如果不熟悉英家的文化背景知識(shí)，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致理解受注重訓(xùn)練方練習(xí)時(shí)切勿對(duì)照文字材料聽(tīng)，聽(tīng)完后再查缺補(bǔ)漏增強(qiáng)短時(shí)能力練習(xí)材每日英語(yǔ)（新概念英語(yǔ)三四冊(cè)英式版/口譯四．選擇題重點(diǎn)突題型簡(jiǎn)選擇題一般包括幾段或獨(dú)白，內(nèi)容涉及生活、工作、、常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題詢問(wèn)具體細(xì)Who(What,When,Where,Accordingtothespeaker,what(which,why,概括短文Whatisthesubjectofthedialogue/monologue?Whatisthetopictheyaretalkingabout?Whatdoesthe l有關(guān)說(shuō)話人情WhereistheWhoisthespeakerWhatopiniondoesthespeakerexpress?Whatisthepurposeofthespeaker?Wheredoyouthinkthisconversationtookplace?Accordingtothespeaker,which(what,when,why)...?做題技原文，可采用聽(tīng)到什么選什么的方法。無(wú)中生有（出現(xiàn)原文中未提及的信息正反（選項(xiàng)的意思跟原文的意思相反答非所問(wèn)（選項(xiàng)符合原文，但是不符合題干過(guò)分絕（出現(xiàn)all/ y/never/must/no等，若有緩和一般正確偷換概那么選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)消極的，與事實(shí)相反的肯定不是答案。舉例處（for正確答案為原文的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，或利用同義詞的替換，或者正詞，如can,may,might,possible,notnecessarily,some等。考生的個(gè)人情況和口頭表達(dá)能力,不建議過(guò)長(zhǎng)，1～2分鐘為宜關(guān)鍵部分：1.開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)；2.基本信息；3.學(xué)業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)情況；4.實(shí)踐實(shí)習(xí)情況及工作經(jīng)歷；5.考生規(guī)劃及讀研展望；6.考生的性格和能力；7.考生的和；8.結(jié)束語(yǔ)。開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)（禮貌破冰Distinguishedprofessors,GoodDearprofessors,Iamverygladtobehereforthisinterview.Dearprofessors,Ifeelsoglad/pleasedtomeetallofyouhere.基本信息（精簡(jiǎn)概述考生的基本信息包括、畢業(yè)院校、所學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)IamLiLei.YoucancallmePeterifyou’dliketo.Iamfrom**UniversitymajoringinElectronicScienceandTechnology.資格考試準(zhǔn)備參與過(guò)的課題過(guò)（thesis）及科研活動(dòng)（academicresearch）1）Whydoyouchoosethismajortofurtheryourstudy?2）Whatkindof shaveyougot?Whatareyourviewsontheprospectofthismajor?Whatisthebiggestchallenge?TalkaboutyourHaveyoueverdoneanyprojectsconcerningyourWhatisthegreatestdifficultyyouhaveevermetinyourlifeandhowdidyou eit?實(shí)踐實(shí)習(xí)情況及工作經(jīng)歷（數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)+與專(zhuān)業(yè)結(jié)合問(wèn)及題目1）WhatdoyoudoforaPleaselmealittleaboutyourworkWhathaveyoulearnedfromthejobsyou考生規(guī)劃及讀研展這部分的回答可以這樣展開(kāi)ThereasonformychoiceisIamdeeplyimpressedbythelearningatmosphereofthisuniversity.Iplantoconcentrateonstudyandresearchinmyprofessionalfield.AndIhopeIcanformasystematicviewof...andlayasolidfoundationformyfuturecareerafterthreeyearsofstudyinghere.Aftergraduation,Iwouldliketoworkasa....Ihopethatinfiveyearsaftergraduation,Ican....考生的性格和能細(xì)心（careful/conscientious）條理分明（ytical/logical）踏實(shí)（steady/earnest）責(zé)任心強(qiáng)（haveastrongsenseofresponsibility）很有幽默感（haveagreatsenseofhumor）精力充沛的（energetic/fullofvitality）Describeyourgreateststrengthand考生的和位置較隨意（開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾Doyouthinksparetimeisimportanttoyou?HowdoyouspendyourDoyoulikengthesethingswithagroupoffriendsorbyyourself?(Doyouliketobewithagroupofpeopleoralonewhenyou’refree?)Howdid einterestedinyourDoyouthinkhobbiesarebeneficialtosociallife?(Whatbenefitsdohobbieshaveona ’slife?)結(jié)束例如Iwouldbeveryhonoredifyoucouldgrantmetheopportunitytostudyinthisuniversity.That’sallaboutme.Thankyou!**Universityboastsexcellentteachingfacultyandadvancedfacilitiesforlearning**.Hence,itisdefiniythebestchoiceformypostgraduatestudies.Ibelieve,ledbythedistinguishedprofessorsandscholarshere,I’llgofurtheron**andcontributeto**.Thankyouagainforgivingmethechanceforthisinterview.Mynameis().I’mfrom(學(xué)校),majoringin(專(zhuān)業(yè)).Asastudent,amtalentedanddiligent.Iknowtogetahead,Ishouldworklonghoursandtakeshortvacations.Throughmypersistentefforts,Ihavegainedthefirst-classscholarship,andwonmanyprizesinvariouskindsofcontests.Thankyou.【范例1】MPAcc專(zhuān)業(yè)（會(huì)計(jì)專(zhuān)業(yè)MasterofProfessionalDistinguishedprofessors,goodmorning/afternoon,itismygreathonortobehereforthisinterview.Mynameisxx,I'mnowapplyingfortheMPAccofyouresteemeduniversity.Duringmyfour-yearcollegelife,apartfromlearningrequiredcourses,IhavebeenfocusingonlearningEnglishandmaths.IpassedtheCET-6andmymathstestswithextraordinarygrades,whicharethebestevidencetoprovemygreateffortsinacquiringknowledge.Undertheinfluenceofmyfamily,IhavebeenexposedtoAccountingsinceIwasalittlechild.IlearnedthecourseofPrinciplesofAccounting(會(huì)計(jì)原理)whenIwasaseniorstudentincollegeandgotthefirstplaceinfinalexamination.Besides,IalsopassedtheCPA(CertifiedPublicAccountant)examthroughmypersistentefforts.Yetintheme Irealizedmylimitationsinknowledge.Hence,IhopetopursuefurthereducationandbeabletostudyandlearnmorevaluablethingsinmypostgraduateIntermsofmyprofessionalpractice,IjustcompletedaninternshipatoneofthelargestaccountingfirminBeijing.Duringmyinternship,Iwasmainlyresponsibleforsomebasicworks,suchasbookkee(簿記，登錄賬目accounting(結(jié)算，清賬reportingtaxreturns(報(bào)稅andsoon.Inthiswholeprocess,notonlydidIknewmyselfandmybetter,butalsodevelopedsomespecificgoalstohelpmeprogressalongacareerplan.Whenitcomestomysocialpractice,Ihadparticipatedin**contestwithmyteachersandclassmates,andwonthefirstprizeinthecompetition.Thisexperiencenotonlyenhancedmyabilityofteamcooperation,butalsohelpedmerealizetheimportanceofperseverance.Thankyouforyourtimeand【范例2】法碩（學(xué)Goodmorning/afternoon,professors.It’smypleasuretoattendthisinterview.Mynameisxx,fromthebeautifulIceCityHarbin.AlthoughIfailedintheCollegeEntranceExamination,Ididn’tgiveup.SoIcontinuedwithmystudy,tookpartintheself-taughtexaminationandgotmyBachelor’sDegreeofLawinxxUniversity.ThenI’dliketointroducemyselffromthefollowingfourparts:myacademicstudy,mypractice,mystrongpointsandmyfutureplan.Asformyacademicstudy,ImajoredintheScienceofLaw.ThroughyearsofstudyinLaw,Igotalotofbasicprofessionalknowledge,andI’mespeciallyinterestedinCivilandCommercialLaw(民商法).Duringthetimeofmystudy,Ihavereadagreatnumberoflawbooksfromhomeandabroad,suchasSpiritofLaw,OnCrimeandPunishment,DeliverKnowledgeofLawtotheRuralAreas,etc.Mygraduationthesiswasxx,tutoredbyProf.xx,fromSchoolofLawinxxWithregardtomypractice,I'vestudiedScienceofLawformanyyearsandatthesametimeI'veobtainedalotofexperienceinpractice.Ifirstworkedasalawyer’ssecretaryinaLawOffice.Thisjobmademelearnmoreaboutlaw,andmadememorepatient,perseveringandcareful.ThenIworkedasalegalspecialistinamedicalcompany,andmyworkincludeddrawingupandrevisinglegalinstrument,checkingthecontract,draftinglawsuitandcontrollingthedangerofbusinessoperation.Ilovemyjob,becauseIcanhelppeoplesolvetheirlegaldisputesortheirproblemswithmyprofessionalknowledge,andthismakesmefeelgreat.Inmysparetime,IbecameavolunteerintheNewSunshineAssistantOrganization,takingchargeofthecommunicationbetweenleukemiapatientsandtheirdoctors.Inthepractice,Irealizedhowpreciouslifeis,understoodhowthedoctorsdevotedthemselvestotheircareer,andalsorealizedhowimportantcommunicationis!Workingasavolunteer,Ilearnttobepatient,politeandAsformystrongpoints,IknowweneedtobeversatiletalentsintheLawfield.Soinmysparetime,Imanagedtoobtainmylegalprofessionalqualification,accountingqualificationandthesecuritiesqualification .Meanwhile,Irealizedmydeficiencyinacademictheory,somybiggestdreamisto eapostgraduatestudentintheSchoolofLawinxxUniversity.Sinceitsfoundationinxx,guidedbythethoughtthat“……”,xxUniversityhasattachedgreatimportancetoclosecombinationofLaw,PoliticsandEconomy.IhavetheconfidencethatmyeducationbackgroundreallyconformtothelawspiritofxxUniversity.Intermsofmyfutureplan,IknowtheScienceofLawisasubjectcombinedwithscientifictheoriesandobjectivepractices.Tolearnitwell,oneneedsgreatpatience,care,concentration,perseverance,confidence,willpowerandendurance.IfI’mfortunateenoughtobeamemberofSchoolofLawinxxUniversity,I’lltrymybesttoimprovemyself.I’llreadmoreprofessionalbooks,enrichmyprofessionalknowledge,learnlegalEnglishinmysparetime,takeanactivepartinlegalpracticeandimprovemyprofessionalskills.IhopeIcanputwhatIlearnintopracticeinthefuture.IhopethatthehonorableprofessorscouldacceptmyapplicationsoIcouldbeadmittedbySchoolofLawinthisuniversity.Ifso,I’llcontinuetoworkhardtorepayoursocietyandcontributemyselftoChina’slegalprofessionaftergraduation.Thanksa3】護(hù)理學(xué)專(zhuān)Goodmorning/afternoon,distinguishedprofessors!Itisreallyagreathonorformetobeheretoforthisinterview.First,pleaseallowmetomakeabriefself-introduction.Mynameisxx,23yearsold.Icomefromxx,andIgraduatedfromxxUniversitymajoringinDuringmycollegeyears,IstudiedhardandobtainedCet-4,Cet-6sandNationallevel2computer Asanursingstudent,Ilovemymajor.IhadanexperienceasanurseinxxHospitalforeightmonths,duringwhichIwitnessedthepatients'painanddesperation.Theirsufferingsmakemerealizethathealth-careworkerscanandhavetheresponsibilitytoshowaprofessionalandqualifiednursingservicetopatients,aswellasunderstandingandcare.Inaddition,Ialsoworkedinpeople'shospitalofxxcityasahospitalguide.Itexercisesmyabilitytobetterobserveandrespondtodifferentpatients.Italsohelpsmelearnhowtotimelyandaccuraymeetthedemandofpatientsasmuchaspossible.Inmyfuturecareer,Iwillcontinuetoshowmypassioninnursingcareerandstrivetobearesponsiblenursewhocanprovidehigh-qualitycareforpatients.Withdeeperunderstandingofprofessionalknowledge,especiallytheproblemsencounteredduringtheinternship,Ifindthatmyknowledgeislimited.Therefore,Iameagertoseekabroaderandmoreprofessionalplatformtohelpmegrowandpractice.Iwillsparenoeffortsto eaqualifiednurseinthefuture.Ireallyappreciateitifyoucouldgivemethechancetostudyhere.IfIhavethehonortostudyinyouruniversity,Iwilltrymybesttoexpandmyprofessionalhorizonsandfurtherimprovepracticalskills.Thatismyself-introduction.Thanksagainforsharingyourtimewith第五章高頻英語(yǔ)問(wèn)?？荚掝}整體概高頻問(wèn)題大學(xué)成績(jī)、比賽獲獎(jiǎng)、實(shí)習(xí)/缺點(diǎn)及失敗經(jīng)alWheredoyoucomeWhatkindoflandscapesurroundsyourhometown?Couldyou lmesomethingaboutyourfamily?Canyou lmeaboutyourhometown?Whatdoyouusuallydoinyoursparetime?Whatareyourhobbies?Haveyoutraveledmuch?Wherehaveyoubeen?Whichplaceinterestedyoumost?CanyoutalkaboutyourMotiveWhydoyouchoosetofurtheryourstudy?Whydoyouchooseouruniversity?WillyouchoosetogetaPhDdegreeafteryougraduate?Whatdoyouwanttodoafteryourstudy？Iftherewereanopportunityofstudyingabroad,whatwouldyouDoyouhavecareerplansforshorttermandlongShouldyoustudymoretheoriesordomorepractices?Giveyourreasons,Whatisyourmajor?Howdoyoulikeyourmajor?Whydoyouwanttochangeyourmajor?Whichisthebestcourseinyouruniversity?Doyouhaveanyresearchexperience?lmesomethingaboutyourWhatkind shaveyouIfyoufailedthistime,whatwouldyoudointhenearfuture?Canyouexplainwhydoyouretakethisexam?Whatisyour ?？荚掝}思路點(diǎn)高頻問(wèn)題Could lmesomethingaboutyourWhatdoyourfamilymembersdoforaliving?Whatdoyouandyourfamilyliketodotogether?家庭相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，重點(diǎn)展示家人（尤其是父母）在某些方面（案例展示Therearethreemembersinmyfamily:myparentsandMyfatherisatechnicianinShanghaiTVstation.Heisverybusybuthekeepsreadingforsomanyyearsjusttoenrichhisknowledge,whichaffectsmemost,notjustthewayoflearning,butalsotheattitudetoprofession,aswellasthepersistencetodream.Hispersistenceinspiresmypursuitoffurtherstudy.(affectsb.可換為exertasubtleinfluenceonsb.Mymotherisanurseinahospital.Sheletsmeknowhowtobeindependentandconsiderate.Loveisnottheonlythingthatmyparentsgiveme.Theyhavealsotaughtmetheattitudetowardslifeandstudy.Duringmypreparationforcominghere,myparents’unconditionalloveandsupporthavealwaysbeenmypower,andIhopeIwillbeabletorepaytheminthefuture.高頻問(wèn)題WhereareyouHowlonghaveyoulivedlmesomethingaboutyourIsthereanylocalspecialtyinyou答題思路案例展示Nanjing,aprominentplaceinChina,hasservedasthecapitalsofvariousdynastiesinancientChina,soithasaprofoundculturalbackground.Nanjingboastsmanyuniversitiesofhighquality,andsomeuniversitiesrankthetopfiveonthelistof100NationalKeyUniversities,suchasNanjingUniversity.Therearealsomanygreatheritagesites/historicalsites,includingtheialPalaceandSunYat-senMausoleum,whichattractfromallovertheworld.Besides,peoplehereareverypassionateandfriendly.Ifyougetthechancetobehere,itwillbemyhugepleasuretointroduceNanjingtoyou!MotiveHowdoyouplantostudyforyourpostgraduate答題思路案例展示Frommyown,thestudymethodisofvitalimportanceforresearch.Sotobeginwith/firstofall,Iwillchooseacertainapproachinmystudyareaunderyourguidance.Furthermore,Iwilldrawapragmaticresearchplanandtimeschedule,whichwillhelpmeformasystematicviewofmymajor.Lastbutnotleast,Iwillmakemyselfbefamiliarwiththelatestdevelopmentofthisareabyreadingasmanybooksandjournalsaspossible.Ifnecessary,IwillcontinuemyresearchandstudytoearntheDoctor’sDegree/PHDDegree.Whydoyouchooseouruniversitytofurtheryour答題思路案例展示IhavebeendeeplyimpressedbytheacademicatmosphereandthefacultyaswellasthepleasingenvironmentforthefirsttimeIcamehere.Asoneofthemostrenowneduniversitiesinourcountry,**Universityenjoysagoodreputationinmanyfieldsespecially**（較為有Throughfouryears’studiesinuniversity,IfindtheknowledgeIhavemasterednotenoughtosolvesomeparticularproblemsthoughIhavepleasingmarksinallthesubjects.Therefore,Ineedtochooseabiggerplatformtoimprovemyself.IthinkmypotentialinthisfieldcanbefullyreachedundertheguidanceofyourdistinguishedanderuditeDoyouhaveanyresearch答題思路Undertheguidanceofmyteachers,Ididresearchon......withmyclassmateswhenIwasasophomore,thisresearchaimedtostudyIntheprocessofresearch,everyonesparednoeffortstocompletethetask,myresponsibilitywasto**.Inordertofinishtheresearch,wereadandcheckedmanybooksandarticles,suchas**（查閱的文獻(xiàn)）Wealsoappliedthemethodof**(具體的方法)tosolvetheproblemsweencountered,suchas**.Eventually,wefoundthat**（解決的問(wèn)題）couldbesolved,whichbroadenedmyprofessionalknowledgeandpolishedupmypracticalskills.Throughthisexperience,Ifindthatknowledgeislimitless,whichfirmsmydeterminationtofurthermystudy.lmesomethingaboutyour答題思路首先：簡(jiǎn)要闡述的基本信息（綜述最后：該是否有需要改進(jìn)的地方或者是否獲獎(jiǎng)等。案例展示Myundergraduatethesisisnamed**（名）.Itmainlytalksabout**.Duringpreparationforthisthesis,undertheguidanceofmydirector**，Ireadmanyrelevantarticlessuchas**and**,andreferredtosomeliterature,especiallythebook**,whichgavemelotsofenlightenment.Atlast,thispaperwaspublishedon**（所在地,andIluckilygainedthehonorof“**（榮譽(yù)稱(chēng)號(hào)）”.Throughcompletingthisthesis,Ilearnedalot,notjusttheprofessionalaspects,butthewayofdealingwithallkindsofissues,whichhavelaidasolidfoundationformyfuturegraduatestudy.Ifyoufailedthistime，whatwouldyoudointhenear答題思路心態(tài)平和，保持冷Itisclearthatlifeisnotsuccessfulatalltimes.IfIcannotpassthetestthistime,itmeansthatIamnotperfecttosomeextent,notjustinprofessionalknowledge,butalsointhepracticalaspects.Iwillfaceupto(面對(duì)，正視)theissues,andreadmoreprofessionalbooksandpracticemyselfundertheguidanceofacquiredprofessions.Throughtheseways,Iwillsparenoeffortstocorrectimperfections.Regardlessofwhattheresultis,Iwillnevergiveuponpursuitof第六章復(fù)試英語(yǔ)翻一.英漢互(1854-1921)“(faithfulness/expressiveness/首先要忠實(shí)有邏輯不清、結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)象。勒（AlexanderF.Tytler）翻譯三原則transcriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.)譯文的風(fēng)格和筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文的一致；（Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal.）譯文應(yīng)和原文同樣流暢（Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.）英漢互譯步驟第一步：英語(yǔ)是樹(shù)狀結(jié)構(gòu)，先抽出“樹(shù)干”即主分；第三步：根據(jù)相應(yīng)順序?qū)⒁馑即饋?lái)，用地道的中文表達(dá)第一步：打破中文流水句，分清主次，先找到句子主謂部二.英漢語(yǔ)（一）Chinese語(yǔ)義型語(yǔ)言(以意統(tǒng)形Meaning-focusedwithemphasisonimplicitcoherence（隱性連貫English形態(tài)型語(yǔ)言(以形馭意Form-focusedwithemphasisonexplicitSicknesscomeslikeanavalanche,butgoeslikereelingsilk.(Contrast,Opposition對(duì)照、轉(zhuǎn)折)Ifonehasnolong-termconsiderations,hewillfindtroubleathis(Condition條件我來(lái)時(shí)她已離開(kāi)ShehadleftwhenIarrived.(TimeOrder時(shí)間先后)你死了，我做和尚去。（Ifyoushoulddie,Iwouldgoandbeamonk.他人老心不老Althoughhehasagedphysically,heremainsyoungat(Concession讓步（二）Chinese:wave-likediscourse（漢語(yǔ)的波式語(yǔ)段結(jié)構(gòu)structur（withriseandfallfreelylikewaveswithoutregularrules.English:tree-likesentence（英語(yǔ)的樹(shù)式句子結(jié)構(gòu)成分均為，由連接詞語(yǔ)與樹(shù)干相連，形成一棵完整的大樹(shù)。e.g.AtfirstMotherandIwouldn'tletFathersmoke.After( contracted()thefataldisease,()thoughtdifferently.()Just()smoke,()buythebestcigarettes,()smokewhenever()likedto.三.常用翻譯技在有關(guān)翻譯理論的專(zhuān)著和文章中，提到的翻譯技巧有很多種5)inversion(詞序調(diào)整法)7)negation(正說(shuō)反譯,反說(shuō)正譯法8)thechangeofvoices(語(yǔ)態(tài)變換法重復(fù)些可有可無(wú)的詞；有時(shí)為了明確、強(qiáng)調(diào)或生動(dòng)，卻往往需要將一些為了強(qiáng)調(diào)重印象，漢譯英時(shí)往往可以采用同樣的重復(fù)。血債要用血來(lái)還為了生動(dòng)重漢語(yǔ)中有大量四組，這是漢語(yǔ)的一大特點(diǎn)。四組比較精Wehave yzeandsolve2）Alargefamilyhasits他老是磨磨蹭蹭，馬馬虎虎，脾氣又好得驚人，我們都對(duì)他毫辦法青青河畔草,郁郁園中柳。（古詩(shī)十九首增譯英譯漢練習(xí)1）IamlookingforwardtotheMuchofourmoralityisReadingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.漢譯英練習(xí)沒(méi)有研究就沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)子曰:“學(xué)而不思則罔,思而不學(xué)則殆。虛心使人進(jìn)步,驕傲使人留得青山在,省譯 習(xí)慣表達(dá)法的詞,并不是把原文的某些思想內(nèi)容刪去。字母I代表“我”，O代表“欠”，U代表“你”他在寫(xiě)學(xué)期時(shí)，遇到了重重詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換而使譯文通順自然。比如名詞轉(zhuǎn)為動(dòng)詞，形容詞轉(zhuǎn)為副詞，動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)【原文】The ernmentcalledfortheestablishmentofmoretechnical【譯文例2：【原文】Isyourfathera【譯文（名詞轉(zhuǎn)為動(dòng)詞【原文】Sheisareal【譯文例4：【原文】Weareenemiesofall【譯文（名詞轉(zhuǎn)為動(dòng)詞英譯漢時(shí)詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換的是根據(jù)需要將具有動(dòng)作性的名詞轉(zhuǎn)換ThethoughtoffatmeatmakesmeAviewofthevillagecanbeobtainedfromthe3）IamafraidIcan’tteachyouswimming.IsupposemyyoungerbrotherisabetterteacherthanIam.4）畫(huà)馬畫(huà)得特別好語(yǔ)言這個(gè)東西不是隨便可以學(xué)好的,一定要少說(shuō)空話,詞序調(diào)整Inversion:Byinversionintranslationwemeanthattheconstituentelementsofasentencearearrangedinwaydifferentfromthegeneralrulesofwordorderofthelanguageinquestion.例如一直在一旁的小學(xué)生們開(kāi)始鼓起掌來(lái)Negation:Itmeansintranslationsomewords,phrasesorsentenceswithnegativeexpressioninSLmaybetransformedintoaffirmativeexpressioninTL.Viceversa,someaffirmativeexpressioninSLmaybetransformedintonegativeexpressioninTL,tomaketheversionclearerandmoreexplicit.反說(shuō)英語(yǔ)詞句中含有“never”,“no”,“non-”,“un-”,“im-”,“ir-”,“-less”等成漢語(yǔ)詞句中含“不，沒(méi)，無(wú)，未，別，休，莫，非，勿，毋等成1）明天不會(huì)來(lái)了SherefrainedfromShewasrefusedadmittancebyAnopportunityisnotlikelytorepeat分譯Division:Itmeansthenecessarysplittingofalongsentenceintoshorterones.少年是一去不復(fù)返的，等到精力衰時(shí)，要做學(xué)問(wèn)也來(lái)不及了?！恫灰獟仐墝W(xué)問(wèn)》Youthwillsoonbegonenevertoreturn．Anditwillbetoolateforyoutogointoscholarshipwheninyourdecliningyears．Afterall,Fatherisworldly-wise．Heisableto lataglancewhetherhisdaughterhasgotaboyfriendofcharacter.Lookingthroughthewindow，shesuddenlyspottedaboatmooredtothebank．Inittherewasaboatmanfastasleep．聲速隨溫度的升降會(huì)有輕微的增減，但不受氣壓的影響Thespeedofsoundincreasesslightlywithariseintemperatureandfallsslightlywithadecreaseintemperature.ItisnotaffectedbythepressureoftheIdon’tknowwhatrelationexistsbetweentheseasonandmarriage，butthenumberofmarriagesismuchgreaterfromearlywintertospringthaninotherseasons.Maybethisistheseasonofmarriagepeopleusually變主動(dòng)－－－主動(dòng)變英語(yǔ)比漢語(yǔ)用的語(yǔ)態(tài)；把語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；Meanwhilerefreshmentshadbeen當(dāng)下茶果已撤，命兩個(gè)老嬤嬤帶了去見(jiàn)兩個(gè)母舅。NowtherefreshmentshadbeenclearedawayandtheLadyDowagerorderedtwonursestotakeDaiyutoseehertwouncles.Bynowproposalsofallkindswerebeing已葬入祖墳了，諸事停妥，的LinRuhaihadbeenburiedintheancestralgraveyardandhisfuneralcompleted,JiaLianwasabletostartbackforthecapital.注意英語(yǔ)常用句型的漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣譯法Itishopedthat… Itisreportedthat… 據(jù)……Itissaidthat… Itissupposed 據(jù)推測(cè)Itmustbeadmittedthat…必須承認(rèn)……Itmustbepointedoutthat…必須……Itisassertedthat…有人主張……Itisbelievedthat… Itiswellknownthat… Itwillbesaidthat… Itwastoldthat… Iwastold 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備二.思路點(diǎn)【熱點(diǎn)概述】摘選自《新華網(wǎng)8月10日電日前，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)教育部等部門(mén)《教育部直屬師范大學(xué)師范生公費(fèi)教育實(shí)施辦法》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《辦育“”【模擬題你怎樣看待師范生“免費(fèi)教育”升級(jí)為新時(shí)代“公費(fèi)教育Whatdoyouthinkofthechangeofnormaluniversitystudentsfrom“freeeducation”tonewera“ ernment-paideducation”?【解題思路在促進(jìn)教育公平，尤其是中西部地區(qū)的教育公平。《辦法》從選師范專(zhuān)業(yè)本科生實(shí)行的由財(cái)政承擔(dān)其在校期間學(xué)費(fèi)、住宿費(fèi)并給予生活費(fèi)的培養(yǎng)管理制度。Thetopicisbasedonthefactthatsixkeynormaluniversitieshave their stimulatingeducationequalityesp.incentralandwesternregions.The ernment-paideducationpolicyfromsuchaspectsasselection,service,encouragementandsafeguardmechanism.Tobemoreexact,thecentralernmentwillpaythetuitionfees, modationandpartoflivingcostsforstudentsfromthesixnormal erneddirectlytheMinistryofTheMeasurescandatebackto2007,whensixnormaluniversitieserneddirectlybytheMinistryofEducationsuchasPekingNormal ernment-paideducation”.Thisprogramhasprovidedwell-qualifiedexcellentteachersforlocaleducationcontinuouslyandiswarmlyedbylocaleducationaladministration,localschoolsand當(dāng)然該《辦法》產(chǎn)生的意義也是深遠(yuǎn)的Ofcourse,theMeasureshasaprofoundTheprogramrealizedthegoalofexploringthenewsystem,gatheringexperiencesandsettingexamples;itplayedaroleinoptimizingteachertrainingandperfectingencouragementpolicytoexcellentstudents.Asaresult,about40,000graduatesgotoruralprimaryandhighschoolstoteachchildreneveryyear.Sothisprogramhasaremarkablesocialeffectonimprovingandbalancingteachingstaffinundevelopedareasandonhelstudentsfromhumblefamiliestorealizetheiruniversity同時(shí)《辦法》有利于吸引樂(lè)教、適教的優(yōu)秀人才選擇教育事Meanwhile,theprogramhelpstoattractthosewhoarewillingtosuitabletoteachto eteachersinprimaryandhighschools.Studentscanbeadmittedaccordingtothemethodandprogramregulatedbydifferentuniversities,thentheycanchoosetheirmajorsaccordingtotheregulations.Suchprocesscanhelptoselectthosewhoarewillingandsuitabletoteach,andprovidethepolicyguaranteeforwell-qualifiedstudentsto eteachers.Inaword,thereleaseoftheMeasuresofNormalUniversityStudents’ernment-paidEducationpromotestheteachers’socialstatus,attractsmorepeopletoteach,balancestheallocationofeducationalresourcesandgreatlystimulateseducationequality.【熱點(diǎn)概述影視業(yè)健康發(fā)展。影視行業(yè)主管部門(mén)要加強(qiáng)，對(duì)影視參與綜藝、親子類(lèi)、等進(jìn)行調(diào)控，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)視加大對(duì)偷逃稅行為的懲戒力度【模擬題請(qǐng)你談?wù)劶哟髮?duì)偷稅逃稅行為的處罰的Howdoyouseeintensifyingdisciplinarymeasurestotax【解題思路偷稅是指故意，采用、隱瞞等方式逃避Thedefinitionoftaxevasionisthattaxpayersdeliberayviolatetaxregulationstoreducetheirtaxliabilitybydeceivingandconcealing.Taxdodging,orillegaltaxhiding,meansthatthetaxpayersrefusetopayorreducetheirtaxbyviolatingthetaxregulations.Thetwoactionsabovearebothinjurioustothenational