中考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 說(shuō)明文四（含答案）

…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線(xiàn)…………○…………※※請(qǐng)※※不※※要※※在※※裝※※訂※※線(xiàn)※※內(nèi)※※答※※題※※…………○…………內(nèi)…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線(xiàn)…………○…………一、閱讀理解（共5題）1、Foryears,ithasbeensaidthatnewspapersareatdeath’sdoor.Eachofthepastfewyearshasseenmanynewspaperssaygoodbyetotheirreaders.Butwhyisthesituationsoterriblefornewspapers?Newspapershavealonghistory.Thefirstnewspaperwasprintedinthe1600s.Theindustryexperienceditsmostsuccessfultimeintheearly20thcentury.WiththeappearanceofradioandTV,however,newspapercirculation（發(fā)行量）begantofall.Bythemid-20century,radioandTVhadbecomesopopularthatpeoplenolongerhadtodependonnewspapersfornews.Thiswasespeciallytrueforthelatestnews.Afternoonnewspaperswerethefirsttosuffer.MoreandmorepeoplecominghomefromworkturnedontheTV,insteadofopeninganewspaper.Butgenerally,newspapersstillmanagedtosurvive（生存）.Althoughtheycouldn’tcompetewithTVinspreadingthelatestnews,theycouldprovidein-depthreportsthatTVnewscouldnot.Butnewspaperssufferedanotherheavierblowinthe1990s.WiththeappearanceoftheInternet,lotsofinformationbecamefree.Manynewspaperreadersrealizedthattheycouldconvenientlyreadnewsonlineforfree.Thereseemedtobelittlereasonanylongerforthemtopayforanewspaper.Sowhatwillthefutureofnewspapersbelike?Willnewspapersdie?Maybenot.Manynewspapersarenowchanging.Somearegoingdigital（數(shù)字化的）.Somearegoingevenfartherbytakingtheindustrytoplacesithasneverbeento.Afterall,peoplestillwantthenews.Andmanyagreethatnewspapersareimportantforin-depthnewsandopinions.Ifnewspapersweretocompletelydisappear,therewouldbenothingtotaketheirplace.23．Whenwasthefirstnewspaperprinted?A．Inthe1600s.B．Inthe1900s.C．Intheearly20thcentury.D．Inthemid-20thcentury.24．HowdidnewspapersmanagetosurviveagainstcompetitionfromTV?A．Bygoingdigital.B．ByworkingwithTV.C．Byincludingmorepictures.D．Byfocusingonin-depthreports.25．Newspaperssufferedagaininthe1990sbecause________.A．peoplelostinterestinreadingnewsB．newspapersbecamemoreexpensiveC．TVstartedtofocusonin-depthnewsD．peoplecouldreadnewsonlineforfree26．Whichofthefollowingwouldthewritermostlikelyagreewith?A．Thefutureofnewspapersishopeless.B．Thefutureofnewspapersisstilluncertain.C．Manynewspaperswilldieinthenearfuture.D．Afternoonnewspaperswillbecomepopularagain.2、Babieswillnaturallysharefoodwithhungrystrangers,evenwhenthey’rehungrythemselves,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinScientificReports.Inthestudy,theresearchersfirstdidanexperimenton19-month-olds.Thetimewasabout75minutesaftertheirlastsnackormeal.Intheexperiment,anunfamiliaradultreachedforpiecesoffreshfruitthathadbeenplacedonadishinfrontofachild,andthechildcouldchoosetoeithersharethefruitwiththeadultorkeepthefruitandeatithimself/herself.Almost60%ofthechildrensharedatleastonepieceoffruitwiththeadult.Inafollow-upexperiment,theresearchershadthechildren’sparentsbringtheminjustbeforetheirnextscheduledsnackormeal,soonaverage,ithadbeenmorethan130minutessincetheylastate.Theresearcherswantedtoknowwhetherthesechildren,whowerehungrythemselves,wouldstillsharefoodwithsomeoneinneed.Theresultsshowedthatalmost40%ofthechildrenwerewillingtoshareatleastonepieceoffruitwiththeadultwhoreachedforthefood.Someotherexperimentresultsalsoshowedthatchildrenasyoungasoneyearoldlikedtohelpothersinneed,evenwhentheythemselveswantedtogetsomething.26．Wherecanwereadthenewstudy?A．Inachildren’sbook.B．InScientificReports.C．Inthefoodmagazine.D．Inapopularnewspaper.27．Whomdidtheresearchersdothefirstexperimenton?A．Someadults.B．19-monthbabies.C．Children’sparents.D．Manystrangers.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scheduled”mostprobablymean?A．Leftthedaybefore.B．Overcooked.C．Plannedaheadoftime.D．Home-made.29．Whatcanweknowfromthethirdandfourthparagraphs?A．Thebabiesatethingsveryslowly.B．Thebabiesdidn’tlikesnacksormeals.C．Thoughyoung,thebabiessharedfoodwithparents.D．Thoughhungry,thebabieswerestillwillingtoshare.30．Whydidtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiments?A．Toshowbabiesliketosharenaturally.B．Toknowhowmuchchildrencaneat.C．Toteachchildrenhowtohelpothers.D．Toadviseadultstolookafterbabies.3、Whatisatsunami（海嘯）?Tsunamisareoftencausedbyearthquakesorvolcanoes（火山）.Theaveragespeed（平均速度）ofthewaves（波浪）is300mphandthewavescanlastfromfiveminutestoanhour.Whattodoinatsunami?Firstly,whenastrongearthquakeisfelt,leavethewateratonce,gettotheshore（海岸）andgoasfarawayasyoucanfromthebeachfast.Ifitallows,gotoahigherground.Secondly,turnontheTVfornewsandweatherreport.Theywilltellyoumoreaboutthetsunami.Thirdly,getallmembersofyourfamilytogetherandleteveryoneknowthetsunamiiscoming.Chooseaplacetostaytogether.Makesuretheplaceissafeandasfarawayfromtheshoreaspossible.Bringemergencysupplies（應(yīng)急用品）whenyouhavetoleaveyourhouse.Atlast,ifyoufindahugewaveiscoming,climbontotheroofofyourhouseoronthehighestpointofthenearestbuilding.Holdontoanythingthat’sstrongenough.Climbatreeifyouhaveto.Foratsunami,theonlywaytosurvive（幸免于）itistobeprepared.31．Whenatsunamicomes,thewaveswill________.A．goasquicklyas300mphB．becomestrongerbeforetheearthquakeC．causeheavyrainD．lastshorterandshorter32．Howmanysuggestionsarementionedinthispassage?A．Two.B．Three.C．Four.D．Five.33．Whenatsunamiiscoming,yourfamilyhadbetter________.A．gotothebeachtogetherB．stayinasafeplacetogetherC．stayinyourhouseD．putemergencysuppliesonalowerground34．WeshoulddothefollowingwhenatsunamiiscomingEXCEPT________.A．listeningtotheweatherreportB．goingtoalowplacetokeepsafeC．gettingemergencysuppliesreadyD．leavingthewaterasfarawayasyoucan35．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HowtokeepsafeinthewaterB．WhatatsunamiisC．WhattodoafteratsunamiD．Howtosurviveatsunami4、Mostofusareusedtousingjethanddryers(噴射式干手器)inpublicrestrooms.They’resurelyveryconvenient—allweneedtodoistoholdupourhandsforafewsecondsuntilthey’redry.Andmoreimportantly,they’resupposedtobehygienic(衛(wèi)生的).However,anewstudypublishedinthejournalHospitalInfectionfoundthatjethanddryersactuallyspreadmoredangerousbacteria(細(xì)菌)thanpapertowels.Inthestudy,tworestroomsineachofthreedifferenthospitalsintheUK,FranceandItalywererequiredtoprovidebothjetairdryersandpapertowelsforpeopletouse.Butoncertaindays,onlyeitherthehanddryerorthepapertoweldispenser(自動(dòng)出紙機(jī))wasavailabletouse.Thescientistsfoundthatwhenonlythehanddryerwasavailable,theamountofbacteriaintherestroomswas27timeshigherthanonotherdays.AccordingtostudyleaderMarkWilcox,anexpertinmedicalmicrobiology(微生物學(xué))atLeedsUniversity,UK,airdryersspreadharmfulbacteriaallovertheroom.Thismeansthatifpeopleusethesedryers,they’remorelikelytopickupbacteria.Atthesametime,however,thisraisesthequestionofwhythesebacteriaexistinthefirstplaceifpeoplearewashingtheirhandsafterusingtherestroom.“Theproblemstartsbecausesomepeopledonotwashtheirhandsproperly,”WilcoxtoldTheTelegraph.Inotherwords,poorhand-washingleadstoalargeamountofbacteriabeingleftonyourhands.39．Whatdidthenewstudyfindaccordingtothepassage?A．Usingjethanddryerswasveryconvenient.B．Jethanddryersweresupposedtobehygienic.C．Jethanddryersactuallyspreadmoredangerousbacteriathanpapertowels.D．Hospitalswererequiredtoprovidebothjetairdryersandpapertowelsforpeopletouse.40．Howcanwestopbacteriaaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Byusingpapertowels.B．Byonlyusingjethanddryers.C．Bynotusingpublicrestrooms.D．Bywashingourhandsproperly.41．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Washinghandscanprotectyoufromdanger.B．Moderntechnologymaycausemoreproblems.C．It’scommontopickupbacteriainpublicplaces.D．Scientistswillfindawaytoimprovehanddryers.5、DoyouknowanyonebornintheYearoftheTiger?What’stheirpersonalitylike?Aretheybrave,stronganddetermined?Ifso,thentheyareatypical“tiger”.InChineseculture,tigersareseenasthekingofallanimals.Theystandforpower,energyandprotection.Tigersareseenasfearlessanimals,sothat’swhyinChinayoucanseepicturesoftigersonthewallsofhousesandtemplestowardoff(抵御)dangeranddisasters.TigershaveanimportantculturalmeaningnotjustinChina,butacrossAsiawheretheyliveinthewild.Forexample,inSouthKorea,theanimalisasymbolofjustice,humanityandrighteousnessinlocalfolktales.Boththe1986SeoulAsianGamesandthe1988SeoulSummerOlympicsusedHodori,afriendlycartoontiger,asthemascot.AtigerisalsoonthelogooftheSouthKoreanationalsoccerteam.IntheWest,tigersarealsoseenaspowerfulanimals.Andweoftenuse“tiger”inEnglish.Ifwesaysomeone“workslikeatiger”,wemeanheorsheworkshard.Ifyouwantsomeonetocalmdown,youcansaytothem“easy,tiger”.Anotherfamousphraseis“eyeofthetiger”,whichmeanshavingstrength.Therearealsosomeotherphrasesabouttigers,suchas“atigercan’tchangeitsstripes”,“papertiger”and“haveatigerbythetail”.31．What’satypical“tiger”likeaccordingtothepassage?A．Smartandbrave.B．Braveandstrong.C．Strongandoutgoing.D．Determinedandfriendly.32．WhycanpeopleseepicturesoftigersonthewallsofhousesandtemplesinChina?A．BecausetigersliveinthewildinAsia.B．BecausetigersareusedinEnglishphrases.C．Becausetigersareregardedasfearlessanimals.D．BecausetigersareusedasthemascotsbothintheAsianGamesandintheOlympics.33．Ifwewantsomeonetocalmdown,wecanuse“_________”.A．easy,tigerB．worklikeatigerC．eyeofthetigerD．a(chǎn)tigercan’tchangeitsstripes34．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．TigersindifferentculturesB．TigersindifferentphrasesC．Tigers—thekingofallanimalsD．Tigers—theculturalsymbolinChina============參考答案============一、閱讀理解1、A

24．D

25．D

26．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了報(bào)紙的歷史、興衰、以及未來(lái)趨勢(shì)。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thefirstnewspaperwasprintedinthe1600s.”可知，第一份報(bào)紙印刷于17世紀(jì)。故選A。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Althoughtheycouldn’tcompetewithTVinspreadingthelatestnews,theycouldprovidein-depthreportsthatTVnewscouldnot.”可知，報(bào)紙能在電視的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中生存下來(lái)是因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢蕴峁╇娨曅侣劅o(wú)法提供的深度報(bào)道。故選D。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WiththeappearanceoftheInternet,lotsofinformationbecamefree.Manynewspaperreadersrealizedthattheycouldconvenientlyreadnewsonlineforfree.Thereseemedtobelittlereasonanylongerforthemtopayforanewspaper.”可知，20世紀(jì)90年代，報(bào)紙?jiān)俅问艽?，是因?yàn)槿藗兛梢悦赓M(fèi)在線(xiàn)閱讀新聞，所以人們似乎再也沒(méi)有理由為報(bào)紙付費(fèi)了。故選D。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Sowhatwillthefutureofnewspapersbelike?Willnewspapersdie?Maybenot.”可知，作者認(rèn)為報(bào)紙的未來(lái)是不確定的，故選B。2、B

27．B

28．C

29．D

30．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了嬰兒會(huì)與饑餓的陌生人分享食物，即使他們自己也餓了的相關(guān)科學(xué)研究情況。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Babieswillnaturallysharefoodwithhungrystrangers,evenwhenthey’rehungrythemselves,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinScientificReports.”可知，這是一份科學(xué)報(bào)道，故選B。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inthestudy,theresearchersfirstdidanexperimenton19-month-olds.”可知，研究中，研究人員首先對(duì)19個(gè)月大的嬰兒進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)，故選B。28．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Inafollow-upexperiment,theresearchershadthechildren’sparentsbringtheminjustbeforetheirnextscheduledsnackormeal”可知，研究人員讓孩子的父母在他們下一頓零食或正餐之前把他們帶進(jìn)來(lái)，此處的單詞“scheduled”指的是“提前計(jì)劃的”，故選C。29．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Theresearcherswantedtoknowwhetherthesechildren,whowerehungrythemselves,wouldstillsharefoodwithsomeoneinneed.”以及“Theresultsshowedthatalmost40%ofthechildrenwerewillingtoshareatleastonepieceoffruit...evenwhentheythemselveswantedtogetsomething.”可知，三四兩段主要是闡述雖然嬰兒們餓了，但是他們還是愿意分享，故選D。30．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Babieswillnaturallysharefoodwithhungrystrangers,evenwhenthey’rehungrythemselves,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinScientificReports.”可知，研究人員進(jìn)行這些實(shí)驗(yàn)主要是為了展示嬰兒喜歡自然地分享，故選A。3、A

32．C

33．B

34．B

35．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述海嘯來(lái)臨時(shí)，人們?cè)鯓討?yīng)對(duì)海嘯的四點(diǎn)建議。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theaveragespeedofthewavesis300mph”，可知海嘯來(lái)的時(shí)候波浪的平均速度可以達(dá)到每小時(shí)300英里。故選A。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Firstly”，“Secondly”，“Thirdly”及“Atlast”，可知，文章主要講述了四點(diǎn)建議。故選C。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Thirdly,getallmembersofyourfamilytogetherandleteveryoneknowthetsunamiiscoming.Chooseaplacetostaytogether.Makesuretheplaceissafeandasfarawayfromtheshoreaspossible”，可知當(dāng)海嘯來(lái)臨，家人最好在一個(gè)安全的地方待在一起。故選B。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“climbontotheroofofyourhouseoronthehighestpointofthenearestbuilding.Holdontoanythingthat’sst