b8英語語法復(fù)習(xí)：簡單句、復(fù)雜句+學(xué)案

簡單句的五種基本句型，并列句和復(fù)合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法人按句子的用途可分四種:1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold.Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Wheredidyougoyesterday?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys.Don'ttalkinclass4）感嘆句：Whatanexcitingfilmitwas!Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。如：HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2）并列句：由并列連詞（and,but,or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。如：Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous,前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等。如：TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.（二）簡單句的五種基本句型1、主語+不及物動詞：Everybodysmiled.Sheoftendreams.Theenginebrokedown.Howdidtheaccidentcomeabout?2、主語+及物動詞+賓語：Maryboughtabook.Doyouknowthem?Ifinishedreadingthetext.Youmusttrytoimprove.令在此句型中,及物動詞后常跟_ 等作賓語。3、主語+系動詞+表語：Itsoundsagoodidea.Hehasfallenill.Summerisover.Thestudentsareinfavorofreform.Theirfavoritepastimeisplayingchess.Theonlythingnowistotakeataxi.令常用的系動詞有一 等;TOC\o"1-5"\h\z可作表語成分的有一 等。4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：Myfathergavemeadictionary.（可用to改寫一 ）rilmakeyousomefreshtea.（可用for改寫f ）Theyforgavehimhiscrimes.令直接賓語表示動詞作用的對象,通常指的是物；間接賓語表示動作所指向的人,一般位于直接賓語之前,如果間接賓語位于直接賓語之后,則由介詞to,for等引出。5、主語+及物動詞+復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補）：TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.Ithoughthersoniceandsincere.Shewishedherselfhome.Heputhisbooksinorder.IsawherchattingwithNancy.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?Tommadethebabylaugh.Youmustmakeyourselfrespected.令此句型中的賓語后需跟上賓語補足語才完整,賓語和賓語補足語合稱為復(fù)合賓語。常見的用TOC\o"1-5"\h\z作賓語補足語的有 等。?Exercisel：判斷下面各句分別屬于簡單句的哪種基本句型：Yoursisterdancesbeautifully.( )Doingthatwouldbeplayingwithfire.( )3.1willtellmyfriendstoprotecttheenvironment.( )Theykepttheirmarriageasecret.( )Shegavemehertelephonenumber.( )Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.( )advisewaitingtilltherighttime.( )Didyousleepwell?( )Horse-ridingandshootingaresomeofthemoreunusualevents.(Popmusicmakespeoplefeeleasyandforgetabouttherealworld.(（三）并列句的分類1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…，neither…nor…，then等連接。如：Theteacher'snameisSmith,andthestudent'snameisJohn.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or,either…or…，otherwise等。如：Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。如:Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so,for,therefore等。如：Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（四）復(fù)合句復(fù)合句也稱主從句，即主句和從句，從句須有引導(dǎo)詞或叫連詞引出，否則復(fù)合句不成立。由于連詞既起連接主句和從句的作用，表明主從句之間的關(guān)系，還在從句中充當一定的成分，有一定的意義,故復(fù)合句中的連詞常成為考查的焦點。從句有三種：.名詞性從句（包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）Whenthetrainwillarriveisunknown.Everybodyknowsthatmoneydoesn'tgrowontrees.Thisiswhatweshoulddo.Shetoldusherhopethatshewouldbecomeapianist..定語從句(形容詞性從句)HeisthemanwhoIsawintheparkyesterday..狀語從句(副詞性從句)Heisabsenttoday,becauseheisill.?Exercise!：判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：( )1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.( )2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.( )3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn9tthere?( )4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.( )5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.( )6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.( )7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.( )8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?( )9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.( )10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.（五）高考考點探討1、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多，但是在閱讀中有時需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書面表達中，沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達清楚的。2.祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點之一。有時把祈使句與反意疑問句結(jié)合于一體來考查。一個題目，幾個考點，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢。3、高考對簡單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and,but,or,while,以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動詞的時態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語從句與狀語從句最為明顯，時間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來時，從句則用一般式表將來，這一點在高考中經(jīng)常考查。如：Wewillgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.?鞏固練習(xí)：一、選擇填空：Givemeonemoreminuterilbeabletofinishit.D.soD.hasn'titD.soD.hasn'titD.willyouD.isn'the?

*C.isn'tit?

*C.isn'titC.won'tweC.isheA.hasn'theB.isn'theLetuspass,?A.shan'tweB.shallwesupposehe'sserious, ?A.doI B.don'tII'msorrytohavetosaythis,youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.and B.but C.so D.becauseJohnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and.A.Henryhasn'ttoo B.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhas D.neitherhasHenryTherearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,othersenjoyswimming.A.or B.for C.while D.so——Doyoufeellikegoingoutwouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?——I'dliketogoout.A.orB.andC.but.——Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?A.Yes,heisn't B.No,heisn'tC.No,heisA.orB.andC.but.——Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?A.Yes,heisn't B.No,heisn'tC.No,heis.friendlytoeveryone!A.How,isshe B.What,issheC.How,sheis.Marywenttobedearly,shefeltverytired.A.or B.so C.for.Asheisstrong,canliftonehundredpounds.A.yethe B.buthe C.he.downtheradio——thebaby'sasleepinthenextroom.A.Turning B.Turn C.Turned.——Idon'tlikechickenfish.——Idon'tlikechickenIlikefishverymuch.A.or,but B.and,but C.or,and.——Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?——rdliketo,I'mtoobusy.A.and B.so C.asD.soD.HeisD.What,sheisD.yetD.andD.ToturnD.and,andD.but二、用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空：Heclosedthewindow,turnedoffthelightlefttheroom.SheisAmericanshespeaksChineseveryfluently.Itisfoggytoday,wecan'tseedistanthills.Helikessports,Fdrathercollectstamps.hecouldn'tunderstandwasfewerandfewershowedtheirinterestinhislesson.wishedwecouldgosightseeinginHangzhouthissummerandwecouldbuysomebooksonourwaybackinShanghai.Sheexpressedthehopeshewouldwriteanovelsomeday.ThegirlEnglishisverygoodwonthefirstplaceinthe100-metrerace,madeallofusveryhappy.PleasetellusthetimeweshallhavetheChineseexam.ayoungman,hewasastorekeeperlaterapostmaster.三、將下列句子譯成英語:.湯姆決心不再遲到了。.我很餓，請給我一點東西吃。.老師講話時，我們得保持安靜，對不對?.我們把英語看作日常工作中的一種有用的工具。.他們?nèi)∠松蟼€星期天去揚州的游覽，因為整整下了一天雨。.金錢就是一切，這個觀點我不喜歡。.在黑暗的大街上，沒有一個她可以尋求幫助的人。?他在這家工廠工作了十年之后就出國了。練習(xí)參考答案練習(xí)參考答案?Exercisel：1.S+Vi.2.S+linkV+P3.S+Vt.+O6.S+Vt.+O+O.C.7.S+Vt.+O8.S+Vi.1.S+Vi.2.S+linkV+P3.S+Vt.+O6.S+Vt.+O+O.C.7.S+Vt.+O8.S+Vi.4.S+Vt.+O+O.C.5.S+Vt.+LO+D.O9.S+linkV+P1