考研英語強(qiáng)化階段寫作部分

考研英語強(qiáng)化階段---寫作部分

---馮碩)一、試卷結(jié)構(gòu)

該部分由A、B兩節(jié)組成。

A節(jié)：考生根據(jù)所給情景寫出約100詞(標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號不計(jì)算在內(nèi))的應(yīng)用性短文，包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、摘要、報(bào)告等?？忌诖痤}卡2上作答?？偡?0分。B節(jié)：考生根據(jù)提示信息寫出一篇160~200詞（英語二為150詞）的短文(標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號不計(jì)算在內(nèi))。提示信息的形式有主題句、寫作提綱、規(guī)定情景、圖、表等?？忌诖痤}卡2上作答?？偡?0分。（英語二為15分）二、評價(jià)目標(biāo)

考生應(yīng)能寫不同類型的應(yīng)用文，包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、摘要、報(bào)告等，還應(yīng)能寫一般描述性、敘述性、說明性或議論性的文章。寫作時(shí)，考生應(yīng)：

1)做到語法、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確，用詞恰當(dāng)；

2)遵循文章的特定文體格式；

3)合理組織文章結(jié)構(gòu)，使其內(nèi)容統(tǒng)一、連貴；

4)根據(jù)寫作目的和特定讀者，恰當(dāng)使用語域。

三、評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

1、一般評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于A、B兩節(jié)。但根據(jù)兩節(jié)不同的考查要點(diǎn)，評分時(shí)會有不同的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。

A節(jié)：應(yīng)用文：信息點(diǎn)的覆蓋、內(nèi)容的組織、語言的準(zhǔn)確、格式和語域的恰當(dāng)。對語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯多樣性的要求將根據(jù)具體試題作調(diào)整。允許在作文中使用提示語中出現(xiàn)過的關(guān)鍵詞，但使用提示語中出現(xiàn)過的詞組或句子將被扣分。

B節(jié)：短文：內(nèi)容的完整性、文章的組織連貫性、語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的多樣性及語言的準(zhǔn)確性。

2、評分：確定其所屬檔次，在檔內(nèi)有l(wèi)一3分的調(diào)節(jié)分。

3、A節(jié)作文的字?jǐn)?shù)要求是100詞左右。B節(jié)作文的字?jǐn)?shù)要求是160-200詞（英語二為150詞）。文章長度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。

4、拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號是反映語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面。評分時(shí)，要視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。

5、如書寫較差，以致影響讀者理解，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。

四、寫作步驟（一）審題：（二）寫作：介紹，主體，結(jié)尾（三）檢查1）看要點(diǎn)是否遺漏，表達(dá)是否清楚，銜接是否自然流暢，翻譯痕跡不能重；2）看自己的語法盲點(diǎn)（動詞時(shí)態(tài)，冠詞等）；3）看自己的單詞拼寫；4）看標(biāo)點(diǎn)（千萬不要用逗號連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立句子）。五、寫出閱卷老師喜歡的作文（一）Mainideaclearly（二）Nottoomanymistakes.（主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)、拼寫、短語）（三）Clearstructure.(Essay+Paragraph)

小作文布局與模板應(yīng)用文寫作六字決：1開門見山說意圖，2信息要點(diǎn)覆蓋到，3舉一反三講細(xì)節(jié)，4語言正式詞多變，5感謝客氣不能少，6期待回信成老套。一、首段1>問候收信人Dearsir/madam2>解釋寫信的原因二.中間段的寫作步驟三.結(jié)尾段：結(jié)束語:Yoursincerely,

簽名:Liming考研英語小作文模板1：投訴信30--40字：寫信目的，表明身份，引出投訴對象60字：敘述事情經(jīng)過，說明投訴原因30字：提出要求建議10--20字：希望得到答復(fù)Dear_______,

Iam______(自我介紹).Iventuretocomplainthat_____.Thereasonsformydissatisfactionare_______(總體介紹).Firstofall,_______(抱怨的原因).Whatismore,___________(抱怨的第二個(gè)原因).Underthesecircumstances,Ifindit_______(抱怨的方面給你帶來的后果).

Iappreciateitverymuchifyoucould_______,preferably______(進(jìn)一步的要求),andIwouldliketohavethismattersettledby____(設(shè)定解決事情最后期限).

ThanksforyourconsiderationandIwillbelookingforwardtoyourreply.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing2：詢問信30--40字：寫信目的，表明身份，引出詢問對象90字左右：提供相關(guān)背景情況，詢問具體事宜10--20字：希望得到答復(fù)Dear______,

Iam____________(自我介紹).Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutoprovidemewithinformationwithregardto_______.(要詢問的內(nèi)容)

Firstofall,whatare____________________?(第一個(gè)問題)Secondly,whenwill___________________?(第二個(gè)問題)Thirdly,__________?(第三個(gè)問題)

Iwouldalsoliketoinquire________(將最重要的問題單獨(dú)成段).Couldyoubesokindastosendmesomerelevantbookletsontheabove-mentionedaspects?

Thanksforyourkindness,andyourpromptattentiontothisletterwillbehighlyappreciated.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing2006真題:Direction:YouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremotearea,writealettertothedepartmentconcerned,askingthemtohelpfindacandidate.Youshouldspecifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyourplan.范文：Towhomitmayconcern,Asastudentwhocansupportmyself,Iamwritingtorequestifyoucanhelpmefindapotentialbeneficiary受益者oftheProjectHope.Iwonderwhetheritisconvenientforyouiftwothingsregardingthechildaretakenintoaccount.First,thechildshouldcomefromSichuanProvincebecauseIintendtohelpachildfrommyhometown.Second,itwillbebetterifheorsheisaprimaryschoolstudentwhowasforcedtodropschoolbecauseofabjectpoverty.Iwouldliketohelptherecipientofmyassistanceannuallyuntilhegraduatesfromcollege.Firstly,themoneywillcoverhistuitionfeeandotherexpensesatschool.Besides,Iwillcorrespondwithhimfrequentlysothathecanseekadvicewheneverheneeds.Yourpromptattentiontomyinquirywouldbehighlyappreciated.Yourssincerely,LiMing3：請求信Dear___________,

Iamwritingtoformallyrequestto___________(請求的內(nèi)容)

Thereasonfor_____isthat______(給出原因).I_____,soI_____(給出細(xì)節(jié))Iwouldalsoliketorequest______(提出進(jìn)一步的要求).IamsorryforanyinconvenienceIhavecaused.

Thankyouforyourattentiontotheserequests.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,donothesitatetocontactmeat_______(電話號碼).Ilookforwardtoafavorablereply.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

4：道歉信30--40字：寫信目的，表示歉意，希望得到諒解60字：說明當(dāng)時(shí)情況，解釋原因，注意語氣要有誠意30字：提出補(bǔ)救方法10--20字：再次道歉

Dear___________,

Iamwritingtoexpressmyapologyfor/that_________(道歉的原因).ThereasonswhyImaketheapologyareasfollow:Firstofall,

.Whatismore,……..Onceagain,Iamsorryforanyinconveniencecaused.Hopeyoucanacceptmyapologiesandunderstandmysituation.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing2008真題：Directions：YoujustcomebackfromCanadaandfoundamusicCDinyourluggagethatyouforgettoreturntoBob,yourlandlordthere.Writehimaletterto

1)makeanapology,and

2)suggestasolutionYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.范文：DearBob,IamatenantfromChinawhohadbeenlivinginyourhouseinCanadafortwoweeks.IamwritingthelettertoinformyouthatIwishtoextendmysincereapologytoyou.Firstandforemost,ItakethisopportunityshowmyheartfeltappreciationtothekindassistanceyourendermeduringmystayinCanada.Inaddition,IborrowedoneCDofBeethoven’ssymphoniesfromyouinCanada.Unfortunately,whenIreturnedhome,IfoundtomysurprisethatCDinmypersonalbaggageduetomycarelessness.Tosolvetheproblem,IwouldliketosendthisCDtoyoubyExpressMailService.Onceagain,pleaseacceptmysincereapologyforanyinconveniencesIhavecaused.Ihopethesettlementofthematterwillmeetyourwishes.Yourssincerely,LiMing5：感謝信30字：寫信目的，表示謝意60字：回憶當(dāng)時(shí)情形30字左右：回報(bào)對方好意，提出相應(yīng)設(shè)想20字以內(nèi)：再次感謝，希望報(bào)答Dear______,Iamwritingtoextendmysinceregratitudefor___(感謝的原因).Ifithadnotbeenforyourassistancein___________(對方給你的具體幫助),IfearthatIwouldhavebeen_________(沒有對方幫助時(shí)的后果).

Everyoneagreesthatitwasyouwho______________(給出細(xì)節(jié)).Again,Iwouldliketoexpressmywarmthankstoyou!Pleaseacceptmygratitude.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing6：建議信30--40字：寫信目的，表明身份，引出建議對象60字：敘述事情經(jīng)過，說明具體的建議30字：提出建議要求10--20字：希望得到答復(fù)Dear___________,

Iamwritingtoexpressmysuggestionswithregardto_______,andIwilltrytomakesomeconductivesuggestionshere.Inmypersonallevel,youwouldbewisetotakethefollowingactions:Firstofall,____(建議一).Whatismore,

(建議二)

Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposalsuseful,andIwouldbereadytodiscussthismatterwithyoutofurtherdetails.

Yourssincerely,

LiMingDearSirorMadam,Iamwritingthelettertomakesomesuggestionaboutwhitepollution.Ihavebeenreadingyournewspaperformanyyearswithgreatenthusiasmandinterest.Itismyviewthatlimitingtheuseofdisposalplasticbagsisofutmostsignificance.Iwouldliketoproposeseveralpracticalmendationsasfollows.Firstandforemost,itisimperativeforustobanthefreeuseofdisposableplasticbags.Inaddition,weshoulddeveloppossiblealternativeformstoreplacethem,suchaspaperorclothingbags.Lastbutnotleast,plasticbagsshouldbeofferedinamuchhigherpriceindepartmentstoresorsupermarkets.IhopeyouwillfindtheaboveproposalsconduciveandIwouldliketodiscussthismattertofurtherdetails.Yourpromptattentiontomysuggestionswouldbehighlyappreciated.YourSincerely,LiMing7：求職信30--40字：寫信目的，如何得知招聘信息60--80字：介紹個(gè)人情況（教育背景，工作經(jīng)歷，愛好興趣，性格）20--30字：希望考慮申請，給予面試機(jī)會Dear

,

Iwritethislettertoapplyforthepositionthatyouhaveadvertisedin______(報(bào)紙名稱)of______(廣告發(fā)布時(shí)間).

NotonlydoIhavethequalificationsforthisjob,butIalsohavetherightpersonalityfora_____(工作名稱).Ononehand,______(第一個(gè)原因).Ontheotherhand,_______(另一個(gè)原因).

Ifyougrantmeapersonalinterview,Iwouldbemostgrateful.Ifyouneedtoknowmoreaboutme,pleasefeelfreetocontactmeatanytimeat_______________(電話號碼)

Thankyouforconsideringmyapplication,andIamlookingforwardtomeetingyou.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing8：邀請信Dear________,

Therewilla____(內(nèi)容)at/in_____(地點(diǎn))on___(時(shí)間).Wewouldbehonoredtohaveyoutherewithus.Theoccasionwillstartat___________(具體時(shí)間).Thiswillbefollowedbya_______(進(jìn)一步的安排).Ataround______(時(shí)間)，_______________.

Iamlookingforwardtoyourcoming.Yourssincerely,LiMing9：推薦信：推薦信是向收信人推薦第三人做某件事情。推薦信開頭常用的句式和套話1)Iamwritingtoyoutomend…2)Iwouldliketopresent…foryourconsiderationinyoursearchforqualifiedmanager.3)Withreferencetoyourrequirements,Ishall,withoutreservation,mend…asanidealcandidate.推薦信經(jīng)典開頭Towhomitmayconcern,ThisisProf.××from××University.%%hasaskedmeforamendationlettertosupporthimtoenteryourdistinguisheduniversity.Ashisadvisor,Ifeelhonoredtosatisfyhisrequest.推薦信結(jié)尾常用的句式和套話1)Therefore,Idon’thesitatetomend…astherightpersonforyourconsideration.2)Iwouldliketolendmysupportto…forhis…3)IamwillingtostandbyMr./Ms…for…4)Anyfavorableconsiderationtothisletterwouldbeconsideredapersonalfavor.5)IwouldliketothankyouforyourattentiontothisletterandrestatemysupporttoMr.…6)Beforeconcludingtheletter,Iwouldagainapplymyselftoconvincingyouthat…推薦信經(jīng)典結(jié)尾Iamreadytoprovideanyfurtherinformationuponyourrequest.Pleasedonothesitatetocontactmeifnecessary.10：告示類標(biāo)題：實(shí)詞要大寫首個(gè)字母日期：要求注明，寫在標(biāo)題下一行的右端January3,2007正文：按照提綱分段、分點(diǎn)寫署名：個(gè)人、單位（實(shí)詞要大寫首個(gè)字母）11：摘要的寫作要領(lǐng)：摘要寫作“三步走”：寫作目的—>文章要點(diǎn)—>結(jié)論。

要注意一些細(xì)節(jié)問題：

1.標(biāo)題部分：小作文中告示、摘要、備忘錄、報(bào)告必須有標(biāo)題

2.時(shí)態(tài)：大都采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

3.人稱：第三人稱。

4.句型：英文摘要結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，表達(dá)精煉。英文摘要應(yīng)盡量使用短句，慎用長句。摘要的句型應(yīng)力求簡單，表意明確。字?jǐn)?shù)：80—100模版句型：(摘要一般寫一段)歷年考研英語大作文題目的來源與規(guī)律總結(jié)一、試題總覽（91--2015共25年）社會與美德：11次(cross-cultural)1993AdvertisementsonTV1995The“ProjectHope”：love永恒話題1998母雞承諾：道德永恒話題2001愛心是一盞燈：love永恒話題2002美國女孩穿中國傳統(tǒng)服裝：文化交流永恒話題2005養(yǎng)老“足球賽”：道德永恒話題2008殘疾人走路:團(tuán)隊(duì)合作永恒話題2009網(wǎng)絡(luò)與距離2010文化火鍋2014孝敬美德2015手機(jī)時(shí)代的聚會青少年+勵(lì)志＋抉擇：8次(fortitude)1992Forabetterunderstandingbetweenparentandchildren1994Onmakingfriends永恒話題2003溫室花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨2004終點(diǎn)又是新起點(diǎn)2006Idolworship2007

Confidence2012

optimistic2013畢業(yè)生的選擇環(huán)境：4次永恒話題(ecological)1991Wheretolive–inthecityorthecountry?1999Humanpopulationandwildlifeprotection2000Worldcommercialfishing2011Waterpollution

健康：2次(mental)1996Goodhealth1997Smoking200520062007200820092010201120132015二、試題類型1)1991—1996年：給出提綱或開頭句的命題寫作(writingsbasedongivenoutlinesoropeningsentences)2)1997—20013年：給出提綱的圖畫或圖表寫作(writingsbasedonvisualinformationorpicturesorgraphs)2005年以后增加了應(yīng)用文寫作，目前已考過辭職信、請求信、建議信和道歉信。

三、命題啟示

1)寫作題目不偏不怪，反映了當(dāng)前社會的熱門話題。2)考題重復(fù)性，練習(xí)舊題，關(guān)注CET。3）近十年考題英語（一）全部為圖畫作文，英語（二）全部為圖表作文。四、如果你能做到以下，高分不是夢想！1.利用句型進(jìn)行造句、縮寫、改寫訓(xùn)練。2.利用例句、范文強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練。3.加強(qiáng)閱讀訓(xùn)練。4.寫作要突出實(shí)踐。5.注重對作文批改。歷年真題段落類型歸納第一段：[1.現(xiàn)象/現(xiàn)狀說明段][2.圖畫/圖表描述段][3.觀點(diǎn)闡釋段]第二段：[4.利弊說明段][5.意義闡述段][6.原因闡釋段][7.舉例說明段]第三段：[8.趨勢預(yù)測段][9.建議措施段][10.歸納結(jié)論段]圖片作文實(shí)用性萬能模板Asisvividlyillustratedabove,inthe+地方+動詞（be,come,run,walk,jump,sit,stand,lie,crouch,float等）+主題詞，非謂語動詞/非限制性定語從句，獨(dú)立主格/非限制性定語從句。Thepicture,whichisthought-provoking,depictsacommonphenomenonincontemporarysocietythat+同位語從句.Firstofall,原因一/影響一/優(yōu)點(diǎn)一/缺點(diǎn)一；Whatismore,原因二/影響二/優(yōu)點(diǎn)二/缺點(diǎn)二。Accordingtoarecentsurrey,peoplewhohavethecharacterof____willbemorelikelytosuccessandgainotherpeople’srespects.Theygenerallyhaveanoptimisticattitudeandabrighterfuture.Itisimportanttotakeconcretemeasurestoputthisphenomenononhold(pushforwardthisphenomenon).Firstandforemost,relevantauthorityisexpectedtomakesomerulesorregulationsinregardto+主題,andimprovepeople’sawarenessofdoingsthatthesametime.Foranotherthing,ascitizens,weshouldstepupeffortstosupport/fightagainst+主題詞.Owingto+主題,notonlycanweaccumulatewealth,butalsoestablishourcareer,fitintosocietyandevenattainsocialstatus.

2008年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)Asisvividlyillustratedabove,inthepicturerunstwoone-leggedpersons,headingtowardthesamedirectionsidebyside,holdingeachothers’shouldertightly,withcrutchesbeingputaside.Thepicture,whichisthought-provoking,depictsacommonphenomenonincontemporarysocietythatcooperationisimportantinourdailylife.Firstofall,withthedevelopmentofsociety,competitionismoreandmorefierce.Sowemustcooperatetoplishthetask.Whatismore,itisacknowledgedthatteamworkhasbeenakindofessentialqualification.Accordingtoarecentsurrey,peoplewhohavethecharacterofcooperationwillbemorelikelytosuccessandgainotherpeople’srespects.Theygenerallyhaveanoptimisticattitudeandabrighterfuture.Itisimportanttotakeconcretemeasurestopushforwardthisphenomenon.Firstandforemost,relevantauthorityisexpectedtomakesomerulesorregulationsinregardtocooperation,andimprovepeople’sawarenessofcooperatingatthesametime.Foranotherthing,ascitizens,weshouldstepupeffortstosupportteamwork.Owingtocooperation,notonlycanweaccumulatewealth,butalsoestablishourcareer,fitintosocietyandevenattainsocialstatus.圖表作文圖表作文可分為兩大類：表作文和圖作文。表作文表格(Table)可以使大量數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)化，便于閱讀、比較。表格常由標(biāo)題(Title)、表頭(Boxhead)(表格的第一行)、側(cè)目(Stub)(表格左邊的第一列)和主體(Body)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分組成。2012年真題圖作文圖作文又可分為三種：圓形圖作文、曲線圖作文和條狀圖作文。(1)圓形圖作文圓形圖(Piechart)也稱為餅狀圖或圓面分割圖。(2)曲線圖作文曲線圖(Linegraph)也稱為線性圖或坐標(biāo)圖。曲線圖最適合表示兩個(gè)變量之間關(guān)系的發(fā)展過程和趨勢。2013年真題(3)條形圖作文條形圖(Bargraph)也稱為立柱圖或圓柱圖。條形圖由寬度相同但長度不同的條塊代表不同的量。當(dāng)要比較幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目或量時(shí)，常用不同顏色來區(qū)分。條形圖主要用來表示：1)同一項(xiàng)目在不同時(shí)間的量;2)同一時(shí)間不同項(xiàng)目的量。閱讀條形圖時(shí)，要先看圖例，再看橫軸、縱橫各代表什么量，每一個(gè)刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出圖中各長條所表示的數(shù)據(jù)及各長條間的相互關(guān)系圖表作文的寫作要領(lǐng)

圖表作文著重說明事實(shí)，常常是通過對圖表中所反映的具體數(shù)據(jù)的說明、分析、比較，對某種事物或現(xiàn)象的事實(shí)或變化情況等加以說明，并提出結(jié)論或看法。因此，圖表作文常常采用議論文體的寫作方法。

寫好圖表作文，關(guān)鍵在于能