新版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

新版\t"/content/14/0411/15/_blank"八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit1.what’sthematter?一．重點(diǎn)短語歸納1.foot---feet

腳

<復(fù)>

tooth---teeth

牙齒

<復(fù)>2.haveacold

感冒3.haveastomachache

胃疼4.haveasoreback背疼5.haveasorethroat喉嚨疼6.haveafever發(fā)燒7.liedownand(havea)rest

躺下休息

havearest

休息8.hotteawithhoney

加蜜的熱茶9.seeadentist

看牙醫(yī)

seeadoctor

看醫(yī)生10.drinklotsofwater多喝水

11.lotsof

,alotof,

alotalotof=lotsof，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，一般用在肯定句中。：Therearelotsof

（

alotof）

booksinourlibrary.Thereisalotofwateronthegroundalot,是一個(gè)副詞詞組，跟動(dòng)詞連用；表示十分，很等意思；

Thanksalot.12.haveatoothache牙疼13.That’sagoodidea好主意14.gotobed

去睡覺

gotobedearly

早上床睡覺15.feelwell感到好

feelill

感到不舒服Idon’tfeelwell=I’mnotfeelingwell我感覺不舒服.16.startdoing/todosth開始做某事TODO

是一件事情完成了，開始做另外一件事情DOING是原來的那件事情做到一半，現(xiàn)在又開始做了，是同一件事情。17.twodaysago兩天前18.getsomerest

多休息,

休息一會(huì)兒19.Ithinkso我認(rèn)為是這樣20.bethirsty口渴

21.behungry

饑餓22.bestressedout緊張23.listentomusic聽音樂24.healthylifestyle健康的生活方式25.traditionalChinesedoctors傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)26.

needtodosth

需要做某事Ihaveatoothache.Ineedtoseeadentist.

我牙痛,

我需要去看牙醫(yī).Weneedtokeepourclassroomclean.

我們需要保持教室的干凈.27.abalanceofyinandyang陰陽平衡28.forexample例如29.toomuchyin太多的陰,

陰氣太盛toomuch+

不可數(shù)名詞

太多的…

muchtoo+形/副

實(shí)在太…

極其，非常toomany+

可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

太多的…30.begoodforsth./doingsth.

對(duì)什么有益

，對(duì)什么有好處bebadforsth./doingsth.

對(duì)什么有害begoodto

對(duì)…好begoodat=dowellin

在……方面好，擅長be

good(bad)

for、be

good

at的相關(guān)用法1.begoodfor

對(duì)......有益Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforyourhealth.做早操對(duì)你們的建康有益。

2.begoodat

擅長于......LiPingisgoodatbasketball.李平擅長于籃球。=LiPingisgoodatplayingbasketball.李平擅長于打籃球。begoodat=dowellin

如：I'mgoodatmath.=Idowellinmath.我擅長于數(shù)學(xué)。3.begoodto

對(duì)......好Parentsarealwaysgoodtotheirchildren.父母親總是對(duì)他們的孩子好。31.getgoodgrades

取得好成績

32.angry

用法

beangrywithsb生某人的氣Iwas

angry

withhimforkeepingmewaiting.

我對(duì)他很生氣，因?yàn)樗屛业攘撕镁谩?/p>

beangryat/aboutsth

就某事生氣33.Chinesemedicine

中藥34.bepopularin+someplace

在某地很流行

Chinesemedicineisnowpopularinmanywesterncountries.

現(xiàn)在中藥在許多西方國家受歡迎。35.inwesterncountries在西方國家36.It’seasytodosth做某事是容易的。

It’simportanttodosth.

做某事很重要。37.balanceddiet平衡飲食38.gettired

感到疲倦

be/gettired

39.gooutatnight在晚上出去Whenyouaretired,youshouldn’t

gooutatnight.

疲倦時(shí)，晚上你不該外出40.stayhealthy

保持健康

=keephealthy=keepingoodhealth41.atthemoment此時(shí)，此刻=nowI’mnotfeelingverywellatthemoment42.enjoysth.=likesth.(名詞)喜歡某物,enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事=likedongsthenjoyoneself(myself,yourself,herself,himself,themselves,ourselves,itself反身代詞)

玩得高興，過得愉快=haveagoodtime=haveawonderfultime=havefun43.conversationpractice會(huì)話練習(xí)44.hostfamily

寄宿家庭45.havealotofheadaches經(jīng)常疼痛I’mtiredandIhavealotofheadaches.

我很疲勞，而且經(jīng)常頭痛。46.afew+

可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

少許…alittle+

不可數(shù)名詞/形/副

一點(diǎn)…47.Heshouldn’teatanything=Heshouldeatnothing.

他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西.48.givesbsomeadvice給某人建議giveadvice

提出建議advice

是不可數(shù)名詞

apieceofadvice

一則建議

takeone’sadvice

采納或聽從某人的建議Hegavemesomegood

advice.他向我提了一些很好的意見。49.sleep8hoursanight每晚睡眠八小時(shí)50.takemedicine

吃藥

服藥Ihavetotakemedicinethreetimesadayformycold.因?yàn)楦忻?，我不得不一天吃三次藥?/p>

二

固定結(jié)構(gòu)It’s+形

+forsb.+todosth.做某事對(duì)某人來說是…的。It’simportanttodosth.做某事很重要。It’simportantformetoeatabalanceddiet.

平衡飲食對(duì)我來說是很重要的.It’seasytodosth做某事是容易的。It’seasyforustofindouttheanswer.

找出答案對(duì)我們來說是容易的

三．重點(diǎn)句子1.What’sthematter?What’sthematerwithyou?

你怎么啦？

=What’sthetroublewithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?

Ihaveacold/haveasoreback/haveastomachache2.That’stoobad.Youshould/shouldn’t

…

那太糟糕了.

你應(yīng)該/不該…Youshould

liedownandrest/drinkhotteawithhoney/seeadentist/seeadoctor.

Heshouldn’teatanything=Heshouldeatnothing.

他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西.3.I’mnotfellingwell.

這里well表示身體狀況，不能用good代替Idon’tfeelwell=I’mnotfeelingwell

我感覺不舒服.4.Whendiditstart?Abouttwodaysago.

什么時(shí)候開始的？大約兩天前5.Ihopeyoufellbettersoon.

我希望你很快好起來這里better是well的比較級(jí)6.TraditionalChinesedoctorsbelieveweneedabalanceofyinandyangtobehealthy.

傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)認(rèn)為我們需要陰陽調(diào)和以保持身體健康。

這里

tobehealthy是動(dòng)詞不定式短語，作目的狀語7.Youshouldeathotyangfoods,

like

beef.

你應(yīng)該吃一些像牛肉之類的陽性食物。8.EatingDangshenandHuangqiherbs

is

alsogoodfor

this.

吃黨參和黃芪等草本植物也對(duì)這有好處。9.Peoplewhoaretoostressedoutandangrymayhavetoomuchyang.

太緊張易怒的人或許吃了太多的陽性食物。toomuch后跟不可數(shù)名詞，而toomany后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)10.It’seasytohaveahealthylifestyle,andit’simportanttoeatabalanceddiet.

有一個(gè)健康的生活方式很容易，飲食平衡是很重要的。→It’seasytodosth.

做某事容易

/It’simportanttodosth.

做某事重要11.Youshouldrestforafewnights.

你應(yīng)該休息幾個(gè)晚上12.I

studylateeverynight,sometimes

until

2am,butIdon’tthinkI’mimproving.我每天晚上學(xué)到很晚，有時(shí)到凌晨2點(diǎn)鐘，但我認(rèn)為我沒有提高。13believein

信任某人，強(qiáng)調(diào)品質(zhì)，believesb.相信某人的話

Ibelievehim,butIcan’tbelieveinhim.他的話是真的，但是我不信任他這個(gè)人。14.Ihaveatoothache.Ineedtoseeadentist.

→need意思為

“需要”

，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)詞不定式，否定式為don’t/doesn’t/didn’tneed(todosth.)

；作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只能用于否定句或疑問句中，否定式為needn’t(dosth.)

，除有過去式外，沒有其它的形態(tài)變化

四．知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，它的基本用法是必須和其他動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，意為"應(yīng)該......"。should（應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該）用于所有人稱，表示勸告或建議。eg.Youshouldwaitalittlemore.你應(yīng)該再多等一會(huì)兒。---Ihaveaverybadcold.我感冒很厲害。---Youshouldliedownandhavearest.你應(yīng)該躺下，多喝水。2maybe與may

be1.maybe是副詞，譯為“也許、可能”，相當(dāng)于“perhaps”。如：Maybehecananswerthequestion.也許他能回答那個(gè)問題。HemaybeisfromtheUSA,too.

他可能也來自美國。2.maybe中的may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，譯為“可能是......”。如：HemaybefromtheUSA,too.

他可能也來自美國。ShemaybeourEnglishteacher.她可能是我們的英語老師3too

many,too

much與much

too1.toomany意為“太多”，用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：Therearetoomanystudentsinourclass.我們班上有太多的學(xué)生。2.toomuch意為“太多”，用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：Wehavetoomuchworktodo.

我們有太多的工作要做。3.muchtoo表示“太”，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。如：Theboxismuchtooheavy,soIcan'tcarryit.箱子太重了，所以我搬不動(dòng)它。4

few、afew、little、alittle的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系：

1.few/afew用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，few表示否定意義，沒有，幾乎沒有；afew表示有肯定意思，

有幾個(gè)。

例如：Hehasfewfriendshere,hefeelslonely.

他這里沒朋友，他感覺寂寞。

Thereareafeweggsinthebasket.籃子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。

2.little/alittle用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，little表示否定意思，沒有，幾乎沒有。

alittle

表示肯定意思，有一點(diǎn)兒。

例如：Thereislittleinkinmybottle,canyougivemealittleink?

我的瓶子里沒有墨水了，你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎？5

not…until

直到

…(否定句)

才，動(dòng)詞為短暫性或瞬間性動(dòng)詞

Shedidn’tleaveuntilwecame.Hewentshoppingafterhegotup.

=Hedidn’tgoshoppinguntil/beforehegotup.

……until/till

直到···

（肯定句）動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Westayedheretill/until12o’clock.

Unit2I'llhelpcleanthecityparks.

一．知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

短語動(dòng)詞小結(jié)常見短語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾種：

1.動(dòng)詞+副詞

如：giveup

放棄

turnoff

關(guān)掉

stayup

熬夜這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，如果其賓語是代詞，就必須放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，也可放在短語動(dòng)詞后。2.

動(dòng)詞+介詞

如：listenof

聽

lookat

看

belongto

屬于

這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟賓語。3.

動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞

如：comeupwith

提出，想出runoutof

用完，耗盡

4.

動(dòng)詞+名詞(介詞)

如：takepartin參加

catchholdof

抓住1.cheer(sb.)up

使(某人)高興、振作

如：cheermeup

使我高興

cleanup

打掃

clean-upn.

打掃2.homelessadj.

無家可歸的

ahomelessboy

一個(gè)無家可歸的男孩home

n.

家4.sick

adj.

生病的

作表語、定語

ill

adj.

生病的

作表語

，不能作定語5.volunteertodo

v.

志愿效勞、主動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn)

volunteer

n.

志愿者6.comeupwith

提出

想出

===thinkup

想出

catchupwith

趕上

追上7.putoffdoing

推遲做某事

puton

穿上

(指過程)

putup

張貼8.writedown

寫下

記下9.callup

打電話

makeatelephonecall

打電話10.setup

成立

建立Thenewhospitalwassetupin2000.

這座醫(yī)院是在2000年成立的。11.each

每個(gè)

各自的

強(qiáng)調(diào)第一個(gè)人或事物的個(gè)別情況

常與of

連用

every

每個(gè)

每一個(gè)的

一切的

則有“全體”的意思不能與of

連用12.put…touse

把…

投入使用，利用

Theyputthenewmachinetouse.

他們把新機(jī)器投入使用13.helpsb.(to)do

幫助某人做某事

helphim(to)study

helpsb.withsth.

幫助某人做某事

helphimwithEnglish

helpdo

幫助做某事

helpstudy14.plantodo

計(jì)劃做某事

plan+

從句

Iplantogoto

Beijing.===Iplan(that)Iwillgoto

Beijing.

我計(jì)劃去北京。15.spend…doing

花費(fèi)…做…Ispentadayvisiting

Beijing.我花了一天的時(shí)間去參觀北京。

spend…onsth.

花費(fèi)…在…Ispent3yearsonEnglish.16.notonly…but(also)…

不但…

而且…

用來連接兩個(gè)并列的成分

(1)引導(dǎo)以

notonly…but(also)…

開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。因此

⑴NotonlydoIfeelgoodbut(also)….

是倒裝句。也是說得要把前面的句子中的助動(dòng)詞或者是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語的前面。如：

①NotonlycanIdoitbut(also)Icandobest.我不僅能做到而且做得最好。

⑵Notonly…but(also)…

接兩主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞隨后面的主語人稱和數(shù)的變化

也就是就近原則

如：

①NotonlyLilybut(also)youlikecat.

不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。

②Notonlyyoubut(also)Lilylikescat.

不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。常見的就近原則的結(jié)構(gòu)有：

①Neither…nor…即不…也不…(兩者都不)NeitheryounorIlikehim.

我和你都不喜歡他。

②Either…or…

不是…就是…(兩者中的一個(gè))EitherLilyoryouareastudent.

③Notonly…but(also)…

④Therebe17.join

參加

(指參加團(tuán)體、組織)

如：jointheParty

入黨

takepartin

參加

(指參加活動(dòng))

如：takepartinsportsmeeting

參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)18.runout

與

runoutof

①runout(becomeusedup).

其主語往往為物。如時(shí)間，食物，金錢，油等，本身就含有被動(dòng)意義。

Hismoneysoonranout.

他的錢很快就花光了。

Mypatiencehascompletelyrunout.

我沒有一點(diǎn)耐心了。

Ourtimeisrunningout.

我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。

②runoutof

主語為人，表示主動(dòng)含義。

Heisalwaysrunningoutofmoneybeforepayday.

他總是在發(fā)工資的日子還沒有到就把錢花完了。

兩者在一定條件下可以互換

如：Thepetrolisrunningout.

汽油快用完了=Wearerunningoutofpetrol.

我們快把汽油用完了。

Ourtimeisrunningout.

我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。=Wearerunningoutoftime19.

takeafter(在外貌、性格等方面)與(父母等)相像

besimilarto

與..相像

takeafter

相像

lookafter

照顧

takecareof

照顧20.workout

v.+adj.

①結(jié)局，結(jié)果為

Thestrategiesthathecameupwithworkedoutfine.

他提出的這個(gè)策略效果很好。

②算出，制訂出，消耗完（精力等）

Heneverseemstobeworkedout.

他好像永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)疲乏似的。

Heworkedoutaplan.

他制訂了一個(gè)計(jì)劃。

Ihaveworkedoutourtotalexpenses.

我已經(jīng)算出了我們總的費(fèi)用。21.hangout

閑蕩

閑逛

Iliketohangoutatmallwithmyfriends.

我喜歡和我的朋友一起去購物中心閑蕩。22.beabletodo

能

會(huì)

beunabletodo

不能

不會(huì)23.thankyoufordoing

謝謝做某事

如：

thankyouforhelpingme

謝謝做幫助我24.forsure

確實(shí)如此，毫無疑問

Youdon’thavemoney.That’sforsure.

你沒有錢，這是毫無疑問的。25.fill…with…

使…充滿…

用…填充…

Shefilledthebowlwithwater.

她用水填滿碗。26.like

prep.

像…27.helpsb.out

幫助…做事，解決難題(擺脫困境)

Ican’tworkoutthismathproblem.Pleasehelpmeout.我不能算出這道數(shù)學(xué)問題，請(qǐng)你幫我解決。28.trainn.

火車

trainv.

訓(xùn)練

trainsb.todo.

訓(xùn)練某人做某事

Shetrainsherdogtofetchthings.

她訓(xùn)練她的狗去取東西。29.atonce==rightaway

立刻

馬上

如：

Doitatonce.

馬上去做。

I’llgothereatonce/rightaway.

我馬上去那里。30.oneday

有一天

(指將來/過去)

someday

有一天(指將來)

如：

OnedayIwentto

Beijing.

有一天我去了北京。

SomedayI’llgoto

Beijing.

有一天我將去北京。31.speciallyadv.

特意地

專門地

特別地

specialadj.

特別的32.donationn.

捐贈(zèng)物

donatev.

捐贈(zèng)

贈(zèng)送33.partofspeech

詞性

詞類34.disabledadj.

肢體有殘疾的

disablev.

不能35.handout

分發(fā)

handoutbananas

giveout

分發(fā)

giveoutsthtosb.

分….給某人

giveupdoing

放棄…

giveupsmoking

放棄吸煙

giveaway

贈(zèng)送

捐贈(zèng)

giveawaysth.to….giveawaymoneytokids

givesb.sth.

給某人某東西

givememoney

給我錢

givesth.tosb.

給某人某東西

givemoneytome

給我線36.volunteer

①可數(shù)名詞

“志愿者”

②adj.

自愿的

vi.volunteertodosthTheyaretheChinesePeople’sVolunteers.

他們是中國人民志愿軍。Ivolunteertohelpyou.

我自愿幫助你。

37.nolonger=not…anylonger

指時(shí)間上不再延續(xù)。

nomore=not…anymore

指動(dòng)作上不再延續(xù)。二．短語1.cleanup

清掃

2.giveout

分發(fā)，發(fā)放3.cheerup=make…h(huán)appier

使...高興，使...振作4.afterschoolstudyprogram

課外學(xué)習(xí)班5.comeupwith=thinkup

提出，想出

6.putoff

推遲7.writedown

寫下，記下

8.putup

張貼9.handout

分發(fā)，發(fā)放

10.callup

打電話11.serup=establish

建立

12.behometosb

是某人的家園13.volunteerone’stimetodosth

自愿花時(shí)間干...14.put…touse…

把...投入使用

15.elementaryschool

小學(xué)16.plantodosth

計(jì)劃干...打算干17.coachafootballteamforkids

訓(xùn)練少年足球隊(duì)18.startaChineseHistoryclub

開辦一個(gè)中國史俱樂部19.runoutof

用完，耗盡

20.takeafter

在性格或長相方面與父母相象21.fixup

修理

22.giveaway

捐贈(zèng)

23.besimilarto

與...相似24.askfor

索要

25.acall-incenterforparents

家長熱線26.hangout

閑蕩27.putupsignsaskingforsingingjobs

張貼尋求唱歌工作的廣告28.runoutofmoneyforsinginglessons

學(xué)唱歌的錢用完了29.disabledpeople

殘疾人

30.forsure

確實(shí)如此，毫無疑問31.fill…with...

用...填充...

befullof

裝滿了...32.help...out

幫助...做事，解決難題（擺脫困境）33.aspeciallytraineddog

一只經(jīng)過特殊訓(xùn)練的狗34.trainsbtodosth

訓(xùn)練某人干...

35.fetchmybook

把我的書拿來36.partofspeech

詞性三．句子1．Wecan’tputoffmakingaplan.Clean-upDayisonlytwoweeksfromnow.

我們不能推遲制訂計(jì)劃，清潔日離現(xiàn)在只有兩周了。2．Sheputsthislovetogoodusebyworkingintheafter-schoolcarecentreatherlocalelementaryschool.

她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰W(xué)的課后輔導(dǎo)中心工作，使這個(gè)愛好得到較好的利用3．NotonlydoIfeelgoodabouthelpingotherpeople,butIgettospendtimedoingwhatIlovetodo.

幫助別人不但自己感到快樂，而且我開始花時(shí)間做自己喜歡做的事了。4．Thethreestudentsplantosetupastudentvolunteerprojectatheirschool.

這三個(gè)學(xué)生計(jì)劃在他們校開展一個(gè)學(xué)生志愿者項(xiàng)目。5.Healsoputupsomesignaskingforoldbikes.他還貼了一些需求舊自行車的告。6.Thestrategiesthathecameupwithworkedoutfine.

幾米想出的這個(gè)辦法很效。7．Hedidaradiointerview.

他接受了電臺(tái)的采訪。8．Weneedtocomeupwithaplan.

我們需要指定一個(gè)計(jì)劃。9．Youcouldhelpcleanupthecityparks.

你可以幫助打掃城市公園。10．Henowhassixteenbikestofixupandgiveawaytochildrenwhodon’thavebikes.

他現(xiàn)在有16輛要修理的自行車，并準(zhǔn)備把這些修好的自行車贈(zèng)送給那些沒有自行車的孩子。

Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?一．重要詞組及短語1.couldyoupleasedosth.?

你能……嗎？/

請(qǐng)你干……好嗎？

2.dothechores

做雜務(wù)

3.dothedishes

洗餐具4.sweepthefloor

清掃地板

5.takeoutthetrash

倒垃圾

6.makeone'sbed

鋪床

7.foldone'sclothes

疊衣服

8.cleanthelivingroom

清掃客廳

9.stayoutlate

晚歸

10.comeover

過來

11.haveatest

考試

12.getaride

搭車

13.useone'scomputer

使用某人的電腦

14.hatesth./hatetodosth./hatedoingsth.

討厭某事/做某事

liketodo(doing)sth.15.dothelaundry=dosomewashing=washclothes

洗衣服

16.makebreakfast/makedinner=dosomecooking

做飯

17.washthecar

刷車

18.workon

從事，忙于

workat

學(xué)習(xí)、致力于、在……上下工夫

19.borrowsomemoney

借一些錢

borrowsth.fromsb.

向某人借某物(借入)

lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.

借給某人某物(借出)

Youcanborrowsomemoneyfromyourbrother.

你可以向你哥哥借些錢。

Canyoulendmeyourbike?

你能借給我你的自行車嗎？

20.invitesb.todosth.

邀請(qǐng)某人做某事

Theyinvitedmetojointheirclub.

他們邀請(qǐng)我參加俱樂部。

invitesbtoaplace

inviteyoutomyparty

21.gotothestore

去商店

22.agreesb.todosth.

同意某人做某事

agreewithsb.

同意某人的意見

disagreesb.todosth.

不同意某人做某事

disagreewithsb.

不同意某人的意見

23.takecareof=lookafter

照顧、照看、照料

takegoodcareof=lookafter…well

把……照管得好

26.takesb.forawalk

帶某人去散步

27.playwithsb.

和某人玩

28.forgettodosth.

忘記去做某事(未做)

forgetdoingsth.

忘記做過某事(做過)（1）do,make

短語歸類

dothedishes

洗餐具

domyhomework

做我的家庭作業(yè)

dochores

做家務(wù)，處理瑣事

dothelaundry

洗衣

dotheshopping

購物

dosomereading

讀書

makeyourbed

鋪床

makebreakfast

做早餐

makedinner

做晚飯

maketea

泡茶，沏茶

makeacupofcoffee

沖一杯咖啡（2）關(guān)于

to

的短語總結(jié)：

havetodosth.

不得不，必須做某事

needtodosth.

需要做某事

hatetodosth.

討厭做某事

liketodosth.

喜歡做某事

wanttodosth.

想做某事

lovetodosth.

熱愛做某事

forgettodosth.

忘記做某事

starttodosth.

開始做某事

begintodosth.

開始做某事

asksbtodosth.

請(qǐng)某人做某事二．重點(diǎn)句型

1.Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?

Yes,sure./Sorry,Ican't.Ihavetodomyhomeworkfirst.

2.CouldIpleaseusethecar?

Sure./Certainly./Ofcourse.

/

No,youcan't.Ihavetogoout.

在表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許的疑問句中，常用

could

代替

can，以表示禮貌，委婉或不確定的語氣，而

can

則不具備這些語氣。這種情況下不能把

could

看作

can

的過去式。以上兩句中用

could

是為了表示禮貌的請(qǐng)求。表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許時(shí)，除了

can,could

之外，還可以用

may，句子的表達(dá)方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式來表示同一個(gè)概念。例：

Could/Can/MayIuseyourcarforaday?

作允答可以各種各樣：

如同意可以說

Yes，或

Sure

或

Certainly，還可說

Yes,(do)please.

或

Ofcourse.(youmay/can).

或

That'sOK/allright.

如果不同意，可以說

I'msorryyoucan't.

或

I'mreallysorry,butIhavetouseittoday.

要避免說

No,youcan't.

這樣顯得很不禮貌。否定回答通常用委婉語氣。

Unit4.Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?一.

重要詞匯和句型1.get

(1)

買

get

sth.

for

sb.==get

sb.

sth.

為某人買某物

Can

you

get

some

fruit

for

me

when

you

go

shopping?

==Can

you

get

me

some

fruit

when

you

go

shopping?(2)

得到,

到達(dá)

Where

did

you

get

the

book?

When

did

you

get

the

letter

?He

got

homelate

last

night.(3)

使,

讓

get

+

賓語

+

賓補(bǔ)

使某人\

某物

怎么樣

Please

get

you

coat

clean.

Get

your

mouth

closed.

get

sb.

to

do

sth.

使某人\

某物做某事

I

got

him

to

call

Jim

yesterday.(4)(

逐漸)

變得…The

weather

gets

warmer

and

days

get

longer.

Why

did

the

teacher

get

angry?2.

how

about\

what

about

后跟名詞\

代詞\

動(dòng)詞ing形式。(1)

向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請(qǐng)求

How

about

going

out

for

a

walk?How

aboutsomething

to

eat?

(2)

向?qū)Ψ秸髑笠庖娀蚩捶?/p>

How

about

the

TV

play?

How

about

buying

thehouse

now?(3)

詢問天氣或身體情況

How

about

the

weather

in

Hainan

Island

?

How

about

your

parents?

Are

they

living

with

you?(4)

談話中承接上下文

I’m

forty

years

old.

How

about

you?

I’m

from

Beijing

.

How

about

you?3.receive

收到

The

girl

was

happy

to

receive

many

gifts

on

her

birthday.

receive

aletter

from==get

a

letter

from==

heard

from收到某人的信

I

received

a

letter

from

my

parents

last

Sunday.

==

I

got

a

letter

from

my

parents

last

Sunday.

==

I

heard

from

my

parents

last

Sunday.

accept

接受

He

couldn’t

accept

our

suggestions

but

our

gifts.

She

was

very

glad

to

receive

the

invitation.

He

didn’t

receive

a

good

education

at

university.

I

received

an

invitation

to

the

party,

but

I

refused

to

accept

it.

4.

a

6--year–old

child

一個(gè)六歲的孩子6--year–old

是由

“數(shù)詞

+名詞

+

形容詞

”

構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,

作前置定語,

修飾后面的名詞child.數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞

構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數(shù)形式：a

five-year-old

girl

一個(gè)五歲的女孩

a

six-foot-deep

hole

一個(gè)六英尺深的洞a

two-meter-long

ruler

一把兩米長的尺子

a

100-meter

race一場百米賽跑a

ten-story-high

building

一棟十層高的樓房

a

two-inch-thick

dictionary一本兩英寸厚的詞典5.too…

to…

太……

而不能

……

too

后跟形容詞或副詞原形,to

后跟動(dòng)詞原形,

構(gòu)成不定式.

句子的主語與動(dòng)詞不定的主語不一時(shí),

可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前加邏輯主語for

sb.

He

is

too

young

to

join

the

army(

軍隊(duì)).

The

maths

problem

is

too

difficult

for

me

to

work

out.

表示否定意義的never\

not

和too…

to…

連用時(shí)表達(dá)肯定一樣.

One

is

never

too

old

to

learn.

too…

to…

可以與

enough

to

和

so…that…

轉(zhuǎn)換.

與enough

to轉(zhuǎn)換

時(shí),enough

前的形容詞,

副詞必須是too

后面形容詞,副詞的反義詞,

并使用其否定句式.

She

is

too

young

to

do

the

work.

==

she

isn’t

old

enough

to

do

the

work.

與

so…that…

轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí),that

后面的從句要用否定形式.

Tom

is

too

tired

to

walk

any

farther.

==Tom

is

so

tired

that

he

can’t

walk

any

farther.6.

cost

1)

動(dòng)詞

,

花費(fèi)

\

價(jià)值

(多少錢

)

How

much

did

it

cost

?

I

didn’t

buy

it

because

it

cost

too

much.

The

meal

cost

us

about

100

yuan.(2)

名詞

,

成本,

費(fèi)用,

價(jià)錢.

at

all

costs不惜任何代價(jià);at

the

cost

of

以

……

為代價(jià).

Living

costs

are

higher

in

cities

than

that

in

the

country.

We

must

stop

it

at

all

costs

.

After

the

earthquake,

the

soldiers

tried

to

reach

the

area

at

the

cost

of

their

lives.7.

pay,

spend,

cost,

take

的區(qū)別

pay

花費(fèi)

(

多少錢

),

主語是人.

Sb.

pay

some

money

for

sth.

I

paid

5000

yuan

for

the

computer

last

week.

Spend

花費(fèi)

(

多少錢或時(shí)間

),主語是人.Sb.

spend

somemoney

on

sth.

Sb.

spend

some

time

(in)doing

sth.

I

spent

5000

yuan

on

the

computer

last

week.

She

spent

2

hours

(in)

doing

her

homework.

cost

花費(fèi)

(

多少錢

),

主語是物.

Sth.

cost

sb.

some

money.

This

jacket

cost

him

200

dollars.

take

花費(fèi)

(時(shí)間

),It

takes

sb.

some

time

to

do

sth.花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事

How

long

does

it

take

sb.

to

do

sth?

花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事?

It

took

Liu

Hong

2

hours

to

do

her

homework.

It

takes

me

10

minutes

to

walk

to

school

from

home.

It

will

take

them

6

months

to

build

the

building.

How

long

does

it

take

him

to

plant

the

trees

?8.

sleep,

sleeping,

sleepy,

asleep,

fall

asleep,

be

asleep

sleep

動(dòng)詞,

睡覺,

強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作.

I

am

very

tired.I

want

to

sleep

.

He

slept

for

12

hours

yesterday.

sleeping,

Sleep

的現(xiàn)在分詞,

表示

“

正在睡覺”

Don’t

make

so

much

noise.

The

baby

is

sleeping

.

They

woke

up

the

sleeping

girl

andaskedherwhereherparents

were.

sleepy

想睡覺的,

困倦的.Iamalittle

sleepy

.

I’d

like

to

go

to

bed.

asleep

睡著了的.

TheteacherfoundTom

asleep

inclassandkept

him

behind

after

school.Would

you

mind

turning

down

the

TV?

The

baby

is

asleep

.fall

asleep

強(qiáng)調(diào)從沒有睡著到睡著的過程,

不能接一段時(shí)間

I

couldn’t

fall

asleep

until

it

was

very

late

last

night.

He

listened

to

music

and

fell

asleep.be

asleep

表示睡著后的狀態(tài)

,“

睡著了”,

可以接一段時(shí)間

.

He

was

asleep

for

three

hours.9.

choose

動(dòng)詞,“

選擇,挑選

”,

過去式chose,

過去分詞chosenchoose

to

do

sth.

選擇做某事can’t

Choose

but

只得……pick

and

choose

挑挑揀揀

There

are

many

books

to

choose

from

.

We

choose

mike

as

our

leader(

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

).

Will

you

help

me

choose

a

dictionary?

Everyone

can’t

choose

but

obey(

服從

).

It’s

her

habit(習(xí)慣

)

to

pick

and

choose

while

shopping.10.

present

(1)

禮物,

禮品

==giftWhynotgivehimacardas

a

present

?

what

can

I

get

him

for

a

birthday

present

?

(2)

目前,

現(xiàn)在

I’m

sorry

he

is

out

at

present

.Youhaveto

forget

the

past

and

start

living

in

the

present

.11.

open

(1)

動(dòng)詞,

打開

,

開業(yè),

開張,

展現(xiàn)

It’s

not

right

to

open

other

people’s

letters.

Would

you

mind

opening

the

window?

The

door

opens

to

the

south.

This

factory

opened

in

1998.

(2)

形容詞,

be

open

開著的,

開放的

In

his

dream

the

flowers

are

all

open

.

Most

shops

are

closed

but

several

are

still

open

.

On

weekends

the

swimmingpoolis

open

to

the

public.

close

動(dòng)詞,

關(guān)閉,

關(guān)上

,

合上

Please

close

the

door

to

keep

the

cold

out.

closed

形容詞,

be

closed

關(guān)著的,

關(guān)閉的

when

we

got

to

the

shop

it

was

closed

.12.

give

away

贈(zèng)送

,

分發(fā)

give

away

sth

to

sbAunt

Wang

gave

away

the

candies(糖果

)

to

the

kids

.John

gave

away

his

notebook

to

me.

其它短語

give

up

放棄

give

back

歸還

give

off

放出,

發(fā)出(氣味)

give

sth

to

sb==give

sb.

sth.

把某物給某人13.

rather

than

而不是

……

后面跟名詞,

代詞,

從句The

color

seems

green

rather

than

blue.If

you

ran

rather

than

walked,you

would

have

arrived

earlier.We

depend

on

you

rather

than

on

him.You

should

help

them

rather

than

they

should

help

you.

prefer

to

do

sth

rather

than

do

sth.

寧愿……,

也不

……

She

preferred

to

stay

at

home

rather

than

go

with

us.

He

preferred

to

listen

to

music

rather

than

play

games.

Would

rather

do

sth

than

do

sth.

寧愿……,

也不

……

He

would

rather

play

than

work.

I

would

rather

take

the

slowest

train

than

go

there

by

air.14.

instead

(1)

位于句首,

表示

“

反而,

相反”Ididn’t

go

to

the

cinema

last

night.

instead,

I

watched

a

football

match

on

TV.

The

boy

didn’t

sing

to

the

music.Instead,hesang

his

own

way.

(2)

位于句尾,

表示

“

作為代替,

而是”Mr

smith

was

ill,

so

mr

green

was

taking

his

class

instead.I

don’t

like

this

one,please

give

me

that

instead.instead

of

后跟名詞,

代詞,

動(dòng)名詞,

介詞短語.表示

“

代替,

而不是”

I

have

come

instead

of

my

brother.

He

is

ill.

Wewalkeddown

the

stairs

insteadof

taking

the

elevator(

電梯

).

He

studies

in

the

evening

instead

of

during

the

day.15.

enter

(1)

參加

==take

part

in\

join

More

than

one

thousand

sportsmen

entered\took

part

in

the

games.

My

brother

hopes

to

enter\join

the

army

next

year.

(2)

進(jìn)入

==come

into\

go

into

She

entered\came

into

the

room

with

these

words.

Did

you

see

someone

enter\go

into

the

house?16.

encourage

動(dòng)詞,

鼓勵(lì),

激勵(lì)

encouragesb.todo

sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事

Parents

should

encourage

children

to

do

things

by

themselves.

Our

English

teacher

encourages

us

to

keep

a

dairy

in

English.17.

progress

名詞,“

進(jìn)步,

進(jìn)展”

make

progress“取得進(jìn)步,

取得進(jìn)展”

My

parents

are

pleased

with

my

progress

in

lessons.

Tom

is

now

making

much\great

progress

at

school.They

made

no

progress

in

the

heavy

snow.18.

suggest

動(dòng)詞,

建議,

提議.

后跟名詞,

代詞,

動(dòng)名詞和從句she

suggested

a

way

out

of

the

difficulty.he

suggested

going

home.who

suggested

you

staying

here?I

suggested

we

(should)

hold

a

meeting.19.take

an

interest

in

(doing)

sth.

對(duì)

(

做

)某事感興趣

否定表達(dá)是

take

no

interest

in

(doing)

sth.

對(duì)

(

做

)某事不感興趣Do

you

take

an

interest

in

English?Most

children

take

an

interest

in

playing

computer

games.He

takes

no

interest

in

playing

basketball.

be\become

interested

in

(doing)

sth對(duì)

(

做

)某事感興趣I’m

deeply

interested

in

swimming.She

becameinterested

insinging

when

she

was

only7

years

old.20.

Three

good

ways

of

improving

English

are

mentioned.提到了三種提高英語的好方法.of

improving

English是介詞短語作定語修飾ways.

它相當(dāng)與

動(dòng)詞不定式.Three

good

ways

of

improving

English

are

mentioned.===Three

good

ways

to

improve

English

are

mentioned.

Can

you

find

a

way

to

work

out

the

problem?

==Can

you

find

a

way

of

working

out

the

problem?

Fast

is

another

way

of

saying

quick.

==

Fast

is

another

way

to

say

quick.

Mention

(1)

動(dòng)詞,

“

提到,

提及,

說起

”

as

mentioned

above

如上所述

He

often

mentioned

his

past

to

me.

Nobody

mentioned

anything

to

me

about

it.

Did

she

mention

where

she

was

going?

You

mentioned

in

your

letter

that

you

might

be

moving

abroad.

As

mentioned

above

,therearemanygoodways

to

learn

English

well.

(2)

名詞,

“

提及,

說起

”

The

newspaper

made

no

mention

of

him.21.

make

friends

with

sb.

和某人交朋友

Would

you

like

to

make

friends

with

us?

I

find

it

difficult

to

make

friends

with

Ben.

二.

形容詞、

副詞一、形容詞

（一）形容詞的含義：表示人或事物的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的詞叫形容詞。

（二）形容詞的用法及位置：

1．作定語，放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后。

The

nice

girl

is

my

sister.

I

have

something

important

to

tell

you.

2.

少數(shù)形容只能作表語不能作定語：alone,

afraid,ill,asleep,awake,alive,well

。

3.作表語，放在系動(dòng)詞之后。

He

looks

happy.

4.

作賓語補(bǔ)足語，放在賓語之后，常與make,leave,keep

等動(dòng)詞連用。

You

must

keep

your

eyes

closed.

Don’t

make

your

hands

dirty.5.

某些形容詞放在定冠詞the之后，表示一類人。常見的詞有：good,bad,rich,poor,

young,old,deaf,blind,black,white,living,dead

。

The

young

should

be

polite

to

the

old.

Please

don’t

laugh

at

the

poor

.6.

某些表示情感的表語形容詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式（to+

動(dòng)詞原形）：

glad,happy,pleased

be

sorry,sad,sure,kind

+

to

do

sth.

ready,afraid,able

easy,difficult(三)

形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：1．規(guī)則變化（1）一般情況，直接在詞尾加er\est

。

(2)

以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾時(shí)，

加

r\st

。（3）以“輔音字母

+y”結(jié)尾時(shí)，

把y變?yōu)?/p>

i

，再加er\est

。(4)

部分形容詞，先雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加er\est

。big,hot,fat,thin,red,

(5)

部分形容詞，

在前面加

more\most

。beautiful,

careful,

important,

delicious,

difficult,

dangerous

(6)

以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞，在前面加more\most

。friendly(友好的),lonely（孤獨(dú)的）

,lovely（可愛的）

Likely（有希望的）

,daily

（日常的）,lively

（有生氣的）2.

不規(guī)則變化

good\well---better---best

many\much---more---most

bad\ill---worse---worst

little---less---leastfar--