高一英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)（thePassiveVoice)一．

語態(tài)語態(tài)是表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系的。如果主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，動(dòng)詞要用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)詞就要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。二．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

be

+

過去分詞（人稱.數(shù).時(shí)態(tài)的變化都體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞be的變化上）三.被動(dòng)語態(tài)適用情況1當(dāng)我們不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)；2我們不必提出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)；3要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者時(shí)；4出于行文的需要

四.主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換主動(dòng)句的結(jié)構(gòu)：主語

+謂語+賓語

+其它成分被動(dòng)句的結(jié)構(gòu)：賓語+be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+by+主語(賓格)+其它成分

可以省略e.g.1.People

useEnglish

freely.(主動(dòng)句）

Englishisused(by

people)freely.(被動(dòng)句）五．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的八種時(shí)態(tài)（時(shí)態(tài)是表示行為．動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式）１．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋am/is/are+過去分詞e.g.主動(dòng)句：Shecleansherroomeveryday.

被動(dòng)句：Herroomis

cleaned(byher)everyday.(肯定句）

否定句：Herroomisn’t

cleaned(byher)everyday.一般疑問句：Isherroomcleaned(byher)everyday?注意：被動(dòng)句的be助動(dòng)詞的變化應(yīng)按被動(dòng)句中新主語的人稱和數(shù)而變化，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與主動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)一致．一般過去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋was/were+過去分詞e.g.主動(dòng)句：TheworkersmadetheVCDlastweek.

被動(dòng)句：TheVCDwas

madebytheworkerslastweek.(肯定句)

否定句:TheVCDwasn’t

madebytheworkerslastweek.一般疑問句：WastheVCDmadebytheworkerslastweek?3.一般將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋willbe+過去分詞

e.g.

主動(dòng)句：MyfatherwillsendmetoAmericasoon.

被動(dòng)句：肯定句：Iwill

be

senttoAmericabymyfathersoon.

否定句：Iwon’tbe

senttoAmericabymyfathersoon.一般疑問句：Willyoube

senttoAmericabyyourfathersoon?4.過去將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋wouldbe+過去分詞e.g.主動(dòng)句：Hesaidhewouldpunishthenaughtyboytonight.

被動(dòng)句:

肯定句：Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldbe

punishedbyhimtonight.

否定句：Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldn’tbe

punishedbyhimtonight.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋am/is/are+being+過去分詞e.g.主動(dòng)句：Heistellingastorynow.

被動(dòng)句：肯定句：Astoryisbeing

toldbyhimnow.否定句：Astoryisn’tbeing

toldbyhimnow.

一般疑問句：Isastorybeing

toldbyhimnow?

6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋was/were+being+過去分詞e.g.主動(dòng)句：HewastellingastorywhenIcamein.

被動(dòng)句：肯定句：Astorywasbeing

toldbyhimwhenIcamein.

否定句：Astorywasn’tbeing

toldbyhimwhenIcamein.

一般疑問句：Wasastorybeing

toldbyhimwhenIcamein?7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋have/has+

been

+過去分詞e.g.主動(dòng)句:Theboyhasfinishedthework.

被動(dòng)句:

肯定句:Theworkhasbeen

finishedbytheboy.

否定句:Theworkhasn’tbeen

finishedbytheboy.

一般疑問句:Hastheworkbeen

finishedbytheboy?8.過去完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had+been+過去分詞e.g.主動(dòng)句:Theyhadbuilttenbuildingsby2003.

被動(dòng)句:

肯定句:Tenbuildingshadbeen

builtbythemby2003.

否定句:Tenbuildingshadn’tbeen

builtbythemby2003.

一般疑問句:Hadtenbuildingsbeen

builtbythemby2003?練習(xí)：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.TheymadecomputersintheU.S.A.3.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.4.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.5.TheywillproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.6.TheyarespeakingEnglishinclass.

練習(xí)：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

Englishisspokenbypeople.2.TheymadecomputersintheU.S.A.

ComputersweremadeintheU.S.Abythem.3.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.

Kniveswereusedforcuttingthingsbypeople.4.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.

Metalwasusedformakingmachinesbypeople.5.TheywillproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.

SilkwillbeproducedinSuzhouandHangzhoubythem.6.TheyarespeakingEnglishinclass.

Englishisbeingspokeninclassbythem.7.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework.

8.Ihadlearnedthreecoursesbytheendoflastyear.

9.Theysaidthattheywouldplantmoretrees.10.Theboysweresingingsongsat8:00yesterdayevening.

7.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework.

Theirhomeworkhasbeenfinishedbythem.8.Ihadlearnedthreecoursesbytheendoflastyear.

Threecourseshadbeenlearnedbymebytheendoflastyear.9.Theysaidthattheywouldplantmoretrees.

Theysaidthatmoretreeswouldbeplantedbythem.10.Theboysweresingingsongsat8:00yesterdayevening.

Songswerebeingsungbytheboysat8:00yesterdayevening.六.被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的特殊情況1.不及物動(dòng)詞帶介詞和介詞賓語時(shí)，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，仍然要帶上介詞。e.g.Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被動(dòng)句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.

e.g.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被動(dòng)句：Thenewstudentsarelooked

afterbythemintheschool.2.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語(有賓補(bǔ)),并且賓補(bǔ)是省去“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中應(yīng)加上“to”e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被動(dòng)句：Wearemade

to

doalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被動(dòng)句：Sheisoftenheard

to

singsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被動(dòng)句：Hewasseen

to

walktoschoolbyme.

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語(賓補(bǔ))，其賓補(bǔ)是帶有“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，和一般的被動(dòng)句變化一樣。

e.g.LilyasksmetohelpLucy.被動(dòng)句：Iamasked

tohelpLucybyLily.

3.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語時(shí)(一個(gè)賓語是指人，一個(gè)是指物)，將其中指人的賓語提前作被動(dòng)句的主語時(shí)，另一個(gè)賓語按順序照抄下來；如是將指物的賓語提前作被動(dòng)句的主語，在被動(dòng)句中則指人賓語前應(yīng)加“to”或“for”。常見的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ivebuy,tell,teach…e.g.Theygiveme

someapples.被動(dòng)句：Iamgivensomeapplesbythem.

Someapplesaregiven

to

mebythem.e.g.Hetoldthechild

somestories.被動(dòng)句：Thechildwastoldsomestoriesbyhim.

Somestoriesweretold

to

thechildbyhim.e.g.Jackteachesus

English.被動(dòng)句：WearetaughtEnglishbyJack.

Englishistaughtto

usbyJack.e.g.Sheboughtme

abook.被動(dòng)句：Iwasboughtabookbyher.(語法正確,不用)

Abookwasboughtfor

mebyher.練習(xí)：將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句。1.LuXunwrotethisbook.

2.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.

3.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.

4.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.

5.Wetookcareofthethings.

練習(xí)：將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句。1.LuXunwrotethisbook.

ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.2.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.

Somebridgeswerebuiltbytheworkers.3.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.

HisfatherislistenedtocarefullybyLiLei.4.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.

Thebabywaslookedafterintheroombythemother.5.Wetookcareofthethings.

Thethingsweretakencareofbyus.6.Theygaveussomework.

7.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime.

8.Mymotherbuysmeabike.

9.Lucyiswateringthetrees.

10.Theboywillmendhisbike.

6.Theygaveussomework.

Weweregivensomeworkbythem.Someworkwasgiventousbythem.7.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime.

Theyweremadetolaughallthetimebytheboy.8.Mymotherbuysmeabike.

Iamboughtabikebymymother.Abikeisboughtformebymymother.9.Lucyiswateringthetrees.

ThetreesarebeingwateredbyLucy.10.Theboywillmendhisbike.

Hisbikewillbemendedbytheboy.11.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.

12.Wecanusetheboxasatable.

13.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.

11.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.

Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus.12.Wecanusetheboxasatable.

Theboxcanbeusedasatablebyus.13.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.

Theclassroomshouldbecleanedeverydaybyus.；/時(shí)時(shí)娛樂gwh18iyc許人。”“是。”“這次見，出落得越發(fā)好了，難得是機(jī)伶順意。”老太太又道。明秀在旁邊笑?！澳隳镆哺阏f過，你二姐姐在宮里，想有個(gè)伴兒。”老太太果然把話題移過來，“本來呢，你跟你二姐姐，是最親了?！泵餍愕皖^揉著衣帶?！靶銉海@么多孩子里，你是最大方明禮的，奶奶也不跟你繞著了，”老太太道，“你看咱們要跟你二姐姐找個(gè)伴當(dāng)，珞兒肯不肯？”明秀聲如蚊蚋：“珞兒跟二姐姐的感情，向