初中九年級英語課件Steve Jobs 優(yōu)質(zhì)課比賽一等獎

SteveJobs(1955-2011)personageintroduction

StevenPaulJobs

(February24,1955

–October5,2011)

wasanAmericanbusinessman,designerandinventor.Heisbestknownastheco-founder,chairman,andchiefexecutiveofficerof

AppleInc.

ThroughApple,hewaswidelyrecognizedasacharismaticpioneerofthe

personalcomputerrevolutionandforhisinfluentialcareerinthecomputerand

consumerelectronics

fields.Jobsalsoco-foundedandservedaschiefexecutiveof

PixarAnimationStudios;hebecameamemberoftheboardofdirectorsof

TheWaltDisneyCompany

in2006,whenDisneyacquiredPixar.DescribeVisionary['vi??n?ri]GeniusartistgurnLifeLegendary['led??nd?ri]

one'searlyyears

In1974,Jobstookajobasatechnicianat

Atari,Inc.

in

LosGatos,California.

HetraveledtoIndiainmid-1974

tovisit

NeemKaroliBabaathisKainchiAshramwithaReedCollegefriend(and,later,anearlyAppleemployee),

DanielKottke,insearchofspiritualenlightenment.WhentheygottotheNeemKaroliashram,itwasalmostdesertedasNeemKaroliBabahaddiedinSeptember1973.

Thentheymadealongtrekupadryriverbedtoanashramof

HariakhanBaba.InIndia,theyspentalotoftimeonbusridesfrom

Delhito

UttarPradesh

andback,thenupto

HimachalPradeshandback.JobsleftIndiaafterstayingforsevenmonths

andreturnedtotheUSaheadof

DanielKottke,

withhisheadshavedandwearingtraditionalIndianclothing.

Duringthistime,Jobsexperimentedwith

psychedelics,callinghis

LSD

experiences"oneofthetwoorthreemostimportantthings[hehad]donein[his]life".Healsobecameaseriouspractitionerof

Zen

Buddhism,engagedinlengthymeditationretreats

atthe

TassajaraZenMountainCenter,theoldest

SōtōZen

monasteryintheUS,

consideredtakingupmonasticresidence,andmaintainedalifelongappreciationforZen.

Helatersaidthatpeoplearoundhimwhodidnotsharehis

counterculturalrootscouldnotfullyrelatetohisthinking.StudyJobsreturnedtoAtariandwasassignedtocreatea

circuitboard

forthegame

Breakout.AccordingtoAtarico-founder

NolanBushnell,Atarioffered$100foreachchipthatwaseliminatedinthemachine.JobshadlittleinterestinorknowledgeofcircuitboarddesignandmadeadealwithWozniaktosplitthefeeevenlybetweenthemifWozniakcouldminimizethenumberofchips.MuchtotheamazementofAtari,Wozniakreducedthenumberofchipsby50,adesignsotightthatitwasimpossibletoreproduceonanassemblyline.AccordingtoWozniak,JobstoldWozniakthatAtarigavethemonly$700(insteadoftheoffered$5,000)andthatWozniak'ssharewasthus$350.

Wozniakdidnotlearnaboutthebonusuntiltenyearslater,butsaidthathadJobstoldhimaboutitandsaidheneededthemoney,Wozniakwouldhavegivenittohim.Jobsbeganattendingmeetingsofthe

HomebrewComputerClub

withWozniakin1975.Hegreatlyadmired

EdwinH.Land,theinventorofinstantphotographyandfounderof

PolaroidCorporation,andexplicitlymodeledhisowncareerafterthatofLand's.Intheearly1980s,Jobswasamongthefirsttoseethecommercialpotentialof

XeroxPARC's

mouse-driven

graphicaluserinterface,whichledtothecreationofthe

AppleLisa.Oneyearlater,Appleemployee

JefRaskin

inventedthe

Macintosh.

Thefollowingyear,Appleaireda

SuperBowl

televisioncommercialtitled"1984".AtApple'sannualshareholdersmeetingonJanuary24,1984,anemotionalJobsintroducedthe

Macintosh

toawildlyenthusiasticaudience;

AndyHertzfeld

describedthesceneas"pandemonium".

Career

In1976,Wozniakinventedthe

AppleI

computer.Jobs,Wozniak,and

RonaldWayne

foundedApplecomputerinthegarageofJobs'sparentsinordertosellit.

Theyreceivedfundingfromathen-semi-retired

Intel

product-marketingmanagerandengineer

MikeMarkkula.In1978,Applerecruited

MikeScott

from

NationalSemiconductor

toserveasCEOforwhatturnedouttobeseveralturbulentyears.In1983,Jobslured

JohnSculley

awayfrom

Pepsi-Cola

toserveasApple'sCEO,asking,"Doyouwanttosell

sugarwater

fortherestofyourlife,ordoyouwanttocomewithmeandchangetheworld?"leaveInaspeechJobsgaveat

StanfordUniversity

in2005,hesaidbeingfiredfromApplewasthebestthingthatcouldhavehappenedtohim;"Theheavinessofbeingsuccessfulwasreplacedbythelightnessofbeingabeginneragain,lesssureabouteverything.Itfreedmetoenteroneofthemostcreativeperiodsofmylife."Andheadded,"I'mprettysurenoneofthiswouldhavehappenedifIhadn'tbeenfiredfromApple.Itwasawful-tastingmedicine,butIguessthepatientneededitNeXTComputer

AfterleavingApple,Jobsfounded

NeXTComputer

in1985,with$7

million.Ayearlater,Jobswasrunningoutofmoney,andwithnoproductonthehorizon,heappealedforventurecapital.Eventually,heattractedtheattentionofbillionaire

RossPerot

whoinvestedheavilyinthecompany.

NeXTworkstationswerefirstreleasedin1990,pricedat$9,999.Likethe

AppleLisa,theNeXTworkstationwastechnologicallyadvanced,butwaslargelydismissedascost-prohibitivebytheeducationalsectorforwhichitwasdesigned.TheNeXTworkstationwasknownforitstechnicalstrengths,chiefamongthemits

object-oriented

softwaredevelopmentsystem.JobsmarketedNeXTproductstothefinancial,scientific,andacademiccommunity,highlightingitsinnovative,experimentalnewtechnologies,suchasthe

Machkernel,the

digitalsignalprocessor

chip,andthebuilt-in

Ethernet

port.

TimBerners-Lee

inventedthe

WorldWideWeb

onaNeXTcomputerat

CERNPixarandDisney

In1986,JobsboughtTheGraphicsGroup(laterrenamed

Pixar)from

Lucasfilm'scomputergraphicsdivisionforthepriceof$10

million,$5

millionofwhichwasgiventothecompanyascapital.

Largestindividualshareholder

InOctober2005,

BobIger

replacedEisneratDisney,andIgerquicklyworkedtopatchuprelationswithJobsandPixar.OnJanuary24,2006,JobsandIgerannouncedthatDisneyhadagreedtopurchasePixarinanall-stocktransactionworth$7.4billion.Whenthedealclosed,Jobsbecame

TheWaltDisneyCompany'slargestsingleshareholderwithapproximatelysevenpercentofthecompany'sstock.Jobs'sholdingsinDisneyfarexceededthoseofEisner,whoholds1.7percent,andofDisneyfamilymember

RoyE.Disney,whountilhis2009deathheldaboutonepercentofthecompany'sstockandwhosecriticismsofEisner—especiallythathesouredDisney'srelationshipwithPixar—acceleratedEisner'sousting.Jobsjoinedthecompany'sboardofdirectorsuponcompletionofthemergerandalsohelpedoverseeDisneyandPixar'scombinedanimationbusinessesfromaseatonaspecialsix-personsteeringcommittee.

UponJobs'sdeathhissharesinDisneyweretransferredtotheStevenP.JobsTrustledbyLaureneJobs.1996ReturntoAppleIn1996,Appleannouncedthatitwouldbuy

NeXT

for$427

million.Thedealwasfinalizedinlate1996,

bringingJobsbacktothecompanyheco-founded.Jobsbecame

defacto

chiefafterthen-CEO

GilAmelio

wasoustedinJuly1997.HewasformallynamedinterimchiefexecutiveinSeptember.

InMarch1998,toconcentrateApple'seffortsonreturningtoprofitability,Jobsterminatedanumberofprojects,suchas

Newton,

Cyberdog,and

OpenDoc.Inthecomingmonths,manyemployeesdevelopedafearofencounteringJobswhileridingintheelevator,"afraidthattheymightnothaveajobwhenthedoorsopened.TherealitywasthatJobs'ssummaryexecutionswererare,butahandfulofvictimswasenoughtoterrorizeawholecompany."

Jobsalsochangedthelicensingprogramfor

Macintoshclones,makingittoocostlyforthemanufacturerstocontinuemakingmachines.(temporary['temp?r?ri]CEO)ICEOWiththepurchaseofNeXT,muchofthecompany'stechnologyfounditswayintoAppleproducts,mostnotably

NeXTSTEP,whichevolvedinto

MacOSX.UnderJobs'sguidance,thecompanyincreasedsalessignificantlywiththeintroductionofthe

iMac

andothernewproducts;sincethen,appealingdesignsandpowerfulbrandinghaveworkedwellforApple.Atthe2000MacworldExpo,Jobsofficiallydroppedthe"interim"modifierfromhistitleatAppleandbecamepermanentCEO.

Jobsquippedatthetimethathewouldbeusingthetitle"iCEO"Thecompanysubsequentlybranchedout,introducingandimprovinguponotherdigitalappliances.Withtheintroductionofthe

iPodportablemusicplayer,iTunesdigitalmusicsoftware,andthe

iTunesStore,thecompanymadeforaysintoconsumerelectronicsandmusicdistribution.OnJune29,2007,Appleenteredthecellularphonebusinesswiththeintroductionofthe

iPhone,a

multi-touch

displaycellphone,whichalsoincludedthefeaturesofaniPodand,withitsownmobilebrowser,revolutionizedthemobilebrowsingscene.Whilestimulatinginnovation,Jobsalsoremindedhisemployeesthat"realartistsship".Jobswasbothadmiredandcriticizedforhisconsummateskillatpersuasionandsalesmanship,whichhasbeendubbedthe"realitydistortionfield"andwasparticularlyevidentduringhiskeynotespeeches(colloquiallyknownas"Stevenotes")at

MacworldExpos

andatAppleWorldwideDevelopersConferences.In2005,JobsrespondedtocriticismofApple'spoorrecyclingprogramsfor

e-waste

intheUSbylashing