歷年考研英語(yǔ)一真題及答案

全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)一試題詳解

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmaking

individualdecisions.AtfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththatI__theability

tomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2_factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculated

thataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedby

thedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4_,hetheorisedthata

judge5_ofappearingtoosoft6_crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeoneto

prison7_hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationon

thatday。

To8_thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,

the9_ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterview

duringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas110

Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews,12by31admissionsofficers.The

interviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerous

factorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswerej5usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant,s

scoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMATastandardisedexamwhich

is16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorhero

DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesof

intervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescore

forthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,

butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpoints

thanwouldotherwisehavebeen20o

1.[A]grant[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers

2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external

3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment

4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall

5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless

6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for

7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless

8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test

9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success

10.[A]chosen[B]stupid[C]found[D]identified

11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise

12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured

13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged

14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took

15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather

16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced

17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below

18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate

19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard

20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpful

1

答案：

1-5:ADCAB

6-10:BADDA

11-15:DCBDB

16-20:CACBC

答案詳解：

2013年的完型填空是一篇選自《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》名為AQuestionofJudgment的文章。講述的

是有關(guān)判斷的問(wèn)題。這類(lèi)文章出現(xiàn)在今年的考研真題中，符合考研英語(yǔ)歷年的出題形式。但是考

生在沒(méi)有掌握單詞基本知識(shí)和解題技巧的情況下也會(huì)感到很困難。

相較于2012年的完型來(lái)說(shuō)，今年的考題適中。考查的詞匯部分涉及到名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和

介詞。其中，動(dòng)詞考查的頻率最高，占完型部分考題的35虬第4、7、15和17題考察了邏輯連

接題，占完型題目的2096?？忌谡莆丈舷挛慕Y(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上準(zhǔn)確完成這類(lèi)考題。其次，在文章

考查點(diǎn)里有兩處涉及到了后置定語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，即第5和第10題。一處是形容詞加介詞構(gòu)成后置

定語(yǔ)，一處是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，而這兩點(diǎn)在跨考一階的講義中，各位語(yǔ)法老師已經(jīng)跟考生們

專(zhuān)門(mén)講解過(guò)。后期陸陸續(xù)續(xù)的閱讀和寫(xiě)作課里，也是反復(fù)提到的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。

遵循以往完型填空的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，今年的考題仍然秉承了總分的結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段引出話題并介紹

Dr.Simonsohn的觀點(diǎn)。第二、三、四段具體介紹了Dr.Simonsohn為證明理論采取的實(shí)驗(yàn)以及

最后的發(fā)現(xiàn)。而且在文章第一句話就給出了整篇文章的中心主線一Peopleare,onthewhole,

pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions。

總之2013年的考題在日常強(qiáng)調(diào)的“單詞加技巧等于高分”的解題方式下，定會(huì)被迎刃而解。

1.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［A］

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義和詞匯辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］本題考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上下文意思，首先可以排除［B］和［D］。這句話中that引導(dǎo)

一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，主要是說(shuō)這一優(yōu)勢(shì)賦予了一種特定的能力。［C］中transmit為傳播，不符合上

下文意思。

2.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［D］

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義

［選項(xiàng)分析］whichareunbiased這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句做插入語(yǔ)修飾judgment。這句話的意思是“通

過(guò)XXX因素作出公正判決的能力”，由此可以排除［A］和［B］o做這一題時(shí)，我們需要理解第一

句話，給我們提供了一個(gè)大的背景和條件。第一句話說(shuō)“人們不擅長(zhǎng)利用背景信息作決定”，所

以可以推出這兒并不是“通過(guò)關(guān)鍵信息”來(lái)做出公正的判決，而是通過(guò)其它一些信息，如外部的

信息，作出判決。根據(jù)上下文意思，可以推出［D］為正確答案。

3.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［C］

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義和固定搭配

［選項(xiàng)分析］bigpicture是一個(gè)固定搭配，指（事情的）主要部分；重點(diǎn)，故選［A］。其它詞

語(yǔ)與big搭配，均沒(méi)有這層意思。

4.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［A］

［考點(diǎn)分析］邏輯銜接題

［選項(xiàng)分析］根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系判斷，在提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)之后，接下來(lái)就是進(jìn)行例證。選項(xiàng)

中只有［A］表示“例如”，符合這一邏輯關(guān)系，故選［A］。［B］表示“平均”的意思；［C］為“大體

上，原則上"；［D］為“首先”，均不符合。

5.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［B］

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義和詞匯辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均可以與介詞of搭配，［A］表示“喜歡”，［B］表示“害怕，恐

怕"，［C］表示“能夠，具有…能力”，［D］表示“輕率的，考慮不周的”。of后面的短語(yǔ)作

judge的定語(yǔ)，這句話意思是“XXX地顯得對(duì)犯罪太過(guò)軟弱的法官可能更傾向于給被告作出判刑

2

的判決”。根據(jù)上下文的意思，可以排除［A］和［D］o而“顯得對(duì)犯罪太過(guò)軟弱”顯然不是某種

能力，故可以排除［C］選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上下文意思，害怕顯得過(guò)于軟弱的法官，才會(huì)更傾向于作出較

嚴(yán)厲的判決。故選［B］。

6.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［B］

［考點(diǎn)分析］介詞搭配

［選項(xiàng)分析］softonsb/sth是一個(gè)固定搭配詞組，表示“對(duì)某人/某事態(tài)度偏軟，不夠嚴(yán)厲”

的意思，故選屈］.

7.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案A

考點(diǎn)分析邏輯銜接題

選項(xiàng)分析前半句含義是“一個(gè)擔(dān)心自己會(huì)犯罪行為上表現(xiàn)的過(guò)分軟弱的法官可能會(huì)判人入

獄”，后半句含義是“當(dāng)天他已經(jīng)判五到六個(gè)人緩刑”兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系明顯為假設(shè)。Aif表示

假設(shè)“如果”。Buntil“直到。。。才。。?！?。Cthough“然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折。Dunless“除

非”，表讓步。前半句是結(jié)果主句，后半句是一個(gè)假設(shè)條件，所以選C

8.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案Do考點(diǎn)分析上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析

選項(xiàng)分析本句話是說(shuō)要進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)來(lái)驗(yàn)證觀點(diǎn)?？崭窈蟮拿~idea作賓語(yǔ)，對(duì)決定動(dòng)詞十分

關(guān)鍵。

動(dòng)詞意思應(yīng)為“測(cè)試”。Apromote“促進(jìn)”。Bemphasize“強(qiáng)調(diào)”。Cshare“分享”。

Dtest“測(cè)試”o只有D選項(xiàng)和“觀點(diǎn)”搭配，符合語(yǔ)境。

9.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案D,考點(diǎn)分析上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞辨析

選項(xiàng)分析本句話含義是講其中一個(gè)申請(qǐng)者與其他申請(qǐng)?jiān)诿嬖囍械年P(guān)系。申請(qǐng)者希望成功。A

decisioin"選擇"。Bquality"質(zhì)量"。Cstatus"身份"。Dsuccess"成功"。只有D

項(xiàng)搭配，符合語(yǔ)境。

10.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案Ao考點(diǎn)分析后置定語(yǔ)

選項(xiàng)分析本句意為測(cè)試中隨機(jī)選出的其他申請(qǐng)者。Achosen“選出”。Bstupid“笨的”。

Cfound“發(fā)現(xiàn)"。Didentified“識(shí)別”。只有A選項(xiàng)和申請(qǐng)者搭配意為選出來(lái)的申請(qǐng)者，

符合語(yǔ)境。

1L標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案Do考點(diǎn)分析邏輯銜接題

選項(xiàng)分析后半句開(kāi)頭的but已經(jīng)暗示了下文的連接詞。內(nèi)容上前半句意為一個(gè)申請(qǐng)者的面試

成功和其他申請(qǐng)者沒(méi)有關(guān)系，后半句意為西蒙森懷疑事實(shí)。明顯是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。Aexceptional"例

外的"。Bdefensible"可防御的"。Creplaceable”可替換的"。Dotherwise"相反的"。

只有D項(xiàng)可以表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選D。

12.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案Co考點(diǎn)分析后置定語(yǔ)

選項(xiàng)分析本句前半句是說(shuō)西蒙森研究了面試者的結(jié)果，后半句含義是招生辦官員。所以這里

應(yīng)該是招生辦官員舉行面試，后半句做后置定語(yǔ)。Ainspire“鼓舞”。Bexpressed“表達(dá)”。

Cconducted“舉行”。Dsecured“保護(hù)”。所以結(jié)合上下文可以得出只有C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

13.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案B

考點(diǎn)分析上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

選項(xiàng)分析文中句子含義為，“面試官有13個(gè)申請(qǐng)者一到五級(jí)打分"A.assign分配；指派；

將財(cái)產(chǎn)過(guò)戶(hù)（尤指過(guò)戶(hù)給債權(quán)人）B.rate認(rèn)為；估價(jià)，C.match使比賽D.arrange安排，根據(jù)

上下文含義，應(yīng)選B。

14.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［D］

［考點(diǎn)分析］固定搭配。題干Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.空

格處需要?jiǎng)釉~一個(gè)。因?yàn)楹竺嬗衖ntoconsideration.所以選took.Takeintoconsideration是

把什么考慮在內(nèi)的意思。

15.B。本題考查邏輯關(guān)系，通過(guò)上下文應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)表順承先后順序的詞，只有B項(xiàng)then

合適。

3

16.標(biāo)［準(zhǔn)答案］［C］

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義和邏輯關(guān)系

［選項(xiàng)分析］這句話which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾exam,考試都有一個(gè)總分，這句話的意

思是說(shuō)“以800分計(jì)算的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)試”，可以排除以］、［B］和［D］選項(xiàng)。mark表示“得分”，符合

原文意思，故選［C］。

17.標(biāo)［準(zhǔn)答案］［A］

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義和邏輯關(guān)系

［選項(xiàng)分析］根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)的意思和搭配，可以排除［C］和［D］選項(xiàng)。這題的選擇必須與后面一

題聯(lián)系起來(lái)進(jìn)行選擇，這句話說(shuō)“前面候選者的分?jǐn)?shù)比XXX的候選者高0.75分”，則“下一個(gè)候

選者則XXX"，由此可知，“前面的候選者”肯定不能是比他后面的人分?jǐn)?shù)高,排除［B］。［A］選

項(xiàng)符合上下文邏輯關(guān)系，故選［A］。

18.B.根據(jù)上下文意思，是一種up和down的趨勢(shì)，17空前面是up趨勢(shì)，所以18謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

應(yīng)該選“下降”的趨勢(shì)的動(dòng)詞，A,B,C,D之中明顯的表下降的是B項(xiàng)，drop相對(duì)于前面的high。

19.Bo根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該選一個(gè)“消除”影響的含義的動(dòng)詞，答案當(dāng)中B項(xiàng)和A,C相反，B是

“消除”即“不會(huì)產(chǎn)生”，符合上下文。

20.Co本題需要找個(gè)形容詞修飾points,A項(xiàng)promising“有前途的，有希望的”；意思不

合適，很明顯B,C,D當(dāng)中C項(xiàng)necessary符合上下文。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMeryl

Streep,scoldherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn'taffect

her.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant?ssweaterdescendedover

theyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthe

poorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarmento

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn,tbemoreoutofdateor

atoddswithfeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline,sthree-year

indictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadesorso,advancesintechnologyhave

allowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequickly

andanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quckierturnroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,more

frequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Thoselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumersto

seeclothesasdisposal----meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon,tadvertise

that----andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsat

dirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakingall

industrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace。

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mto

offera5.95knitminiskirtinallits2300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrely

onlow-wage,overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,anduse

massiveamountofharmfulchemicalso

Overdressedisthefashionworld'sanswertoconsumeractivistbestsellerslike

MichaelPollan^sTheOmnivoreJsDilemma.Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fills

ahungerandneed,yetisnon-durable,andwasteful,vClineargues,Americans,shefinds,

buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear----about64itemsperperson----andnomatterhow

muchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste。

4

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamed

SKB,who,since2008hasmakeallofherownclothes----andbeautifully.ButasCline

isthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexample,can,

tbeknockedoff0

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlabor

andtheenvironment----includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionLine----Cline

believeslasting-changecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealism

commontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;

,

peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycantaffordtoit0

21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

[A]poorbargainingskillo

[B]insensitivitytofashiono

[C]obsessionwithhighfashiono

[D]lackofimaginationo

22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto

[A]combatunnecessarywasteo

[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworldo

[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisementSo

[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently。

23.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]accusationo

[B]enthusiasmo

[C]indifference0

[D]toleranceo

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealistso

[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability。

[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarmentso

[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasingo

25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle。

[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmytho

[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustryo

[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecreto

答案：BDCCD

Text2

Anoldsawhasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted一thetroubleis,

nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbe

muchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescan

aim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy。

Inthepastcoupleofweeksthreedealsandaquarrelhaveillustratedthevalueto

advertisers(andtheirsuppliersofsoftware)ofsuchfine-grainedinformation.Should

advertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?Orshould

theyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCommissionproposedaddinga“donottrack”

(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydid

5

notwanttobefollowed.Microsoft，sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;

Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandtheDigitalAdvertising

Alliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests。

OnMay31stMicrosoftsetofftherow.ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversion

duetoappearwithWindows8,anewincarnationofthesoftwarefirm'soperatingsystem,

wouldhaveDNTasadefaulto

Advertisersarehorrified.Humannaturebeingwhatitis,mostpeoplestickwith

defaultsettings.FewswitchDNTonnow,butiftrackingisoffitwillstayoff.Bob

Liodice,thechiefexecutiveoftheAssociationofNationalAdvertisers,oneofthegroups

intheDAA,saysconsumerswillbeworseoffiftheindustrycannotcollectinformation

abouttheirpreferences.Peoplewillnotgetfewerads,hesays."They'11getless

meaningful,lesstargetedads。"

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotoblige

anyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanies(includingTwitter)havepromisedto

doso.Unabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhetherthey

，

arestickingwithMicrosoftsdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanywayo

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusiness

too,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.

IfitistryingtorileGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyonadvertising,ithaschosen

anindirectmethod:thereisnoguaranteethatDNTbydefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNT

doesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforWindows8'—thoughthefirmhascompared

someofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle*sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,

Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:"Webelieveconsumersshouldhavemore

controlo“Coulditreallybethatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1thatubehaviouralvadshelpadvertisersto:

[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves

[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

[D]providebetteronlineservices

27.“Theindustry”(Line6,Para.3)refersto:

[A]onlineadvertisers

[B]e-commerceconductors

[C]digitalinformationanalysis

[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

[C]willnotbenefitconsumers

[D]goesagainsthumannature

29.whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph.6?

[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

30.Theauthor，sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

[A]indulgence

6

[B]understanding

[C]appreciation

[D]skepticism

答案：BDCAD

詳解：

26.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握能力。此類(lèi)題目的解題關(guān)鍵在于根據(jù)題干信

息定位，本題的"Paragraph1","behavioural”即為定位信息。

選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)文章第一段第二句"thisfractioncanbemuchreducedv在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代，

至少在理論上，被浪費(fèi)的那一部分資金中，有很多都可以節(jié)省下來(lái)。對(duì)應(yīng)文章“halfofall

advertisingbudgetsarewasted"。故B項(xiàng)"降低運(yùn)營(yíng)成本”是文章的同義改寫(xiě)。ABD項(xiàng)文章

均為提到。

27.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

考點(diǎn)分析:此題考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握能力。根據(jù)題干中已經(jīng)給出了具體信息點(diǎn)“The

industryv應(yīng)回第三段定位。

選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)題干信息“theindustry"可推測(cè)the為前文指代，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)定位到該句之

前,文章內(nèi)容為:“摩斯拉(Mozilla)的火狐(Firefox)、微軟(Microsoft)的IE(InternetExplorer)

及蘋(píng)果的瀏覽器Safari都有“不允許跟蹤”選項(xiàng)；今年，谷歌也將在Chrome中加入這一功能”，

由此可推斷出選項(xiàng)D“網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器開(kāi)發(fā)商”為正確選項(xiàng)。

28.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握能力。結(jié)合題干中所給出的人名“Bob

Liodice”以及專(zhuān)有名詞DNT和“default”可回文章定位到第五段。

選項(xiàng)分析：文章中BobLiodice稱(chēng)，“如果廣告商不能收集有關(guān)用戶(hù)偏好的信息，那么這對(duì)

于消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)將更為不利。"原文中"consumerswillbeworseoff”對(duì)應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)"willnotbenefit

consumers",“將對(duì)消費(fèi)者不利”，因此C應(yīng)為正確答案。A項(xiàng)與原文相反，“垃圾廣告”不是

減少而是增加。B項(xiàng)“對(duì)廣告業(yè)沒(méi)有影響”以及D項(xiàng)“違背人性”均與文章不符。

29.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握能力，關(guān)鍵在于定位和辨別細(xì)節(jié)信息。

選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)題干信息提示，我們不難定位到文章第六段最后一句的后半部分”…somemay

ignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway。"一些公司可能忽略“不允許跟蹤"信號(hào)，繼續(xù)

記錄用戶(hù)的在線行為。所以推知“不允許跟蹤〃可能不會(huì)起到預(yù)期的作用。選項(xiàng)B廣告商很樂(lè)意實(shí)

行”不允許跟蹤”與本段第一句話"Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.廣

告商們會(huì)對(duì)此作何反應(yīng)仍不清楚”不符。選項(xiàng)C”不允許跟蹤〃已經(jīng)不再收到消費(fèi)者的歡迎與本段

第一句和最后一句內(nèi)容"…somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway0"不符；選

項(xiàng)C廣告商被迫提供"行為”廣告與文中°GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostop

tracking…”不相符。

30.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的把握。根據(jù)自然段定位法可定位到文章的最后一

段。

選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息BrendonLynch我們主要定位到文章最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句以及最

后一句。BrendonLynch”在博客中寫(xiě)道：'我們認(rèn)為用戶(hù)應(yīng)該有更大的話語(yǔ)權(quán)。’”緊接著最后

一句"Coulditreallybethatsimple?真的是這么簡(jiǎn)單嗎？”體現(xiàn)了作者的態(tài)度。A項(xiàng)意為

“縱容”；B項(xiàng)為““理解”之義；選項(xiàng)C為“感激”之義；D項(xiàng)為“懷疑”。因此只有D項(xiàng)符合

作者本意，故為正確答案。

Text3

7

Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbyno

meansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsof

humanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforallo

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationofthe

rangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.

Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto。

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshave

enduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn，twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies，

placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurviving

fortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe'RedList”

ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature

(IUCN),andyouwillread:"ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidely

distributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresulting

inanoverallpopulationdecline.zz

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisations

arenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhas

itsflagshipprojectamedicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousands

ofyearshence。

Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanabout

themoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocial

consequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefiction

writersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sone

reasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture。

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywith

considerableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenow

identifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andour

species,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendants

wi11findthemselveso

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikely

tobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeable

enoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,and

toimprovethelotofthosetocome。

Q1

o?Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby

rAu

Lourdesireforlivesoffulfillment

rBu

Lourfaithinscienceandtechnology

rcu

Lourawarenessofpotentialrisks

rDu

Lourbeliefinequalopportunity

TheIUCN,s“RedList”suggestthathumanbeingare

asustainedspecies

athreatentotheenvironment

theworld'sdominantpower

amisplacedrace

WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?

Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudieso

Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem。

Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise。

8

J

OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive。

34.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto

rAu

Lexploreourplanet'sabundantresources

rBu

Ladoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld

rc

Ldrawonourexperiencefromthepast

rDu

Lcurbourambitiontoreshapehistory

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

[B]EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

[C]TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind

[D]Science,TechnologyandHumanity

答案:31-35:BBDCA

答案詳解：

31.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題°根據(jù)題干信息，ourvisionofthefutureusedto定位為文章第

一段0B選項(xiàng)為答案，我們的對(duì)未來(lái)的想象曾經(jīng)被我們對(duì)于科技的信心所鼓舞。A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤原因

為因果倒置，livesoffulfillment是由scienceandtechnololgy導(dǎo)致，與文章題干要求our

visionoffuture無(wú)關(guān)。C選項(xiàng)為無(wú)中生有，也未提到awarenessofpotentialrisks的概念。

D選項(xiàng)equalopportunity為opportunityforall所有人都有相等的機(jī)會(huì)的曲解。

32.B【解析】推理題。文章問(wèn)題是“RedList”表明人類(lèi)怎么是什么。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到文

章的第三段。LookupHomosapiensinthe"RedList"ofthreatenedspeciesofthe

InternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature(IUCN),andyouwillread…。根據(jù)

threatenedspecies知道是被威脅的物種，同時(shí)后面的theConversationofNature知道是對(duì)

自然的。那這個(gè)“threatened”被人類(lèi)威脅就很明顯°

33.D【解析】判斷題。A選項(xiàng)定位在it'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwriters

andfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereason

whywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture。這里根本就

沒(méi)有講限制。這2句話是說(shuō)要讓科幻小說(shuō)的作者和未來(lái)學(xué)家去探索我們能現(xiàn)象的可能性。。這里

發(fā)表的Arc根本就沒(méi)有講限制。A排除B講科技，但是文章說(shuō)完Thepotentialevolutionof

today'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,講科技和它

的社會(huì)意義。后面一句andit'sperhapsbest…能看得到轉(zhuǎn)折。文章也沒(méi)有提到solution,也

沒(méi)有提到社會(huì)問(wèn)題(socialproblem)o

C選項(xiàng)是說(shuō)對(duì)科幻小說(shuō)的興趣在上升(ontherise)但是整段都沒(méi)有說(shuō)到這個(gè)趨勢(shì)。D選項(xiàng)定

位文章第一句話Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescales

thanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture。從這句話能推測(cè)出immediatefuture是比漫長(zhǎng)的時(shí)標(biāo)

更難的事情，也是更不易察覺(jué)的。

34.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。定位的是futureofthemankind，文章第6段，同時(shí)有個(gè)很重要

的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)冒號(hào)，說(shuō)明thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:一直在點(diǎn)號(hào)之前都是這句話的

具體解釋。也就是說(shuō)這句強(qiáng)調(diào)thepast的關(guān)鍵性，所以選擇C。A項(xiàng)B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都跟內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。

35.A【解析】主旨題文章最好的題目是A選項(xiàng)，對(duì)未來(lái)的