人教版初一(下)英語第8講：unit-4-語法篇(教師版)

Unit4語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________學(xué)生通過本講學(xué)習(xí)，能夠掌握本單元的重點(diǎn)語法，并在綜合能力上有一定的拓展。祈使句一、祈使句指的是表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議或勸告的句子。其主語you常省略，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形，句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)，讀降調(diào)。二、祈使句的肯定句式一般分為以下三種類型：1.行為動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分。例如：Makesentencesafterthemodel.根據(jù)例句造句。2.Be動(dòng)詞＋其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等)。例如：Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.過馬路時(shí)要小心。3.Let＋賓語＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分。例如：Lethimgobacknow.讓他現(xiàn)在回去吧。三.祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情況下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分為以下四種類型：1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Do’t，構(gòu)成『Don’t＋行為動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分』。例如：Don’tsaythatagain!別再那樣說了！2.在Be動(dòng)詞引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，構(gòu)成『Don’tbe＋其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等)』。例如：Don’tbecareless.不要粗心。注意：在這種句型中be不能省略；否定副詞not不可置于be之后。3.Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有兩種：(1)Let開頭的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人稱名詞或代詞的賓格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后賓格的名詞或代詞后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s開頭的祈使句，必須在Let’s后加not。例如：Don’tletmegowithhertomorrow.＝Letmenotgowithhertomorrow.不要讓我明天跟她一起去。Let’snottellherthetruthwheneverwemeether.無論什么時(shí)候我們碰到她，都不要告訴她真相。4.在公共場(chǎng)合的提示語中，否定祈使句常用『No＋名詞/V-ing形式』結(jié)構(gòu)，表示『禁止做某事』。例如：NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照！四.祈使句的反意問句祈使句的反意疑問句須按其句子結(jié)構(gòu)及講話人的語氣來決定其疑問部分。通常有以下三種形式：1.祈使句為肯定句式，其反意疑問句表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，通常用willyou；表示邀請(qǐng)、勸說時(shí)，用won」tyou。例如：Besuretowritetous,willyou?你一定要給我們寫信，好嗎？Cometohavedinnerwithusthisevening,won’tyou?今晚來和我們一起吃飯，好嗎？2.祈使句為否定句式，其反意疑問句通常只用willyou。例如：Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom,willyou?不要在會(huì)議室抽煙，好嗎？3.Let開頭的祈使句構(gòu)成反意疑問句時(shí)，除Let’s用shallwe外，其它均用willyou。例如：Lettheboygofirst,willyou?讓個(gè)那男孩先走，好嗎？Let’stakeawalkaftersupper,shallwe?晚飯后我們?nèi)ド⒉?，好嗎？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must和haveto情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句must表示“必須，應(yīng)該”之意，語氣比should，oughtto強(qiáng)烈。其否定形式mustn’t表示“不準(zhǔn)，不應(yīng)該，禁止”等意Youmustcometoschoolontime.Everybodymustobeythelaw.Youmustn’tdrivesofastinthestreet.Wemustn’twasteanymoretime.在回答帶有must的問句時(shí)，否定回答常用needn’t或don’thaveto，表示“不必”，而不用mustn’t1．—MustIcomebackbeforeten?—Yes，youmust.(No,youneedn’t)表示有把握的推測(cè)，意為“一定、準(zhǔn)是、相必”，只用于肯定句中Itmustbemymother.Youmustbehungryafterawalk.Theremustbeaholeinthewall.havetohaveto“必須，不得不”，意義與must相近。但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而haveto則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。Thefilmisnotinteresting.Ireallymustgonow.Ihavetogonow,becausemymotherisinhospital.must只有一種形式，即現(xiàn)在式與過去式都是一種形式，而haveto則涉及各種人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等方面的變化形式。1．IhadtoworkhardwhenIwasyourage.2．Iwillhavetolearnhowtouseacomputer.3．Inordertotaketheexam,we’llhavetofinishthewholebookbytheendofthismonth.兩者的否定意義不同，mustn’t表示“禁止，不許”，don’thaveto表示不必。Youmustn’tgothere.Youdon’thavetogothere.1.【2015年廣東省初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試英語試題】Look!Thetrafficlighthasturnedred.We_____stopourcar. A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t【答案】C 試題分析：句意：看！交通燈成了紅燈。我們必須停車。turnred燈成了紅燈；stopsth.停止某物。A.can能；B.can’t不能；C.must必須；D.mustn’t千萬別，一定不要。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知紅燈停，這是必須的，故選C。2.【山東省泰安市2015年中考英語試題】Nowadays.allpassengersgothroughsafetycheckbeforetakeatrain.A.can B.may C.must D.will【答案】C試題分析：句意：現(xiàn)在，所有的乘客在上火車之前都必須過安檢。A.can能；B.may可以；C.must必須D.will將要。結(jié)合現(xiàn)在的實(shí)際情況，可知是必須，故選C。3.【德州市二O一五年初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試英語試題】—Mr.Wang,mustIcomeagaintocleantheclassroomonSunday?—No,you____.IhaveaskedKatetodoit.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t【答案】C試題分析：句意：-王老師，我星期天必須再回來打掃教室嗎？-不，不必，我已經(jīng)讓Kate去做了。can’t不能，不會(huì)；mustn’t禁止，不要；needn’t不必，沒有必要；shouldn’t不應(yīng)該。must的一般疑問句的回答中，肯定回答仍用must,否定回答用needn’t，故應(yīng)選C。4.【江蘇省鹽城市2015年中考英語試題】Daniel,___playwiththemobilephonewhileyou'rewalkinginthestreet.A.don't B.doesn't C.won't D.can't【答案】A 試題分析：句意：Daniel，當(dāng)你在街上散步的時(shí)候不要玩手機(jī)。don’t不要；doesn’t用于主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的時(shí)候；won’t不會(huì)，是willnot的縮寫；can’t不能，不會(huì)。這是一個(gè)祈使句，Daniel并不是句子的主語，而且是否定的形式，故在句首應(yīng)該用don’t，選A。5.【河南省2015年中考英語試題】kindandhelpfultothepeoplearoundus,andwewillmaketheworldanicerplacetolivein.A.Be B.BeingC.Tobe D.Been【答案】A試題分析：句意：善良，樂于幫助我們周圍的人，我們將會(huì)讓世界變得更美好?！捌硎咕?and+簡(jiǎn)單句”是一個(gè)常用句型，這里的祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句，后面的簡(jiǎn)單句則相當(dāng)于主句。而祈使句通常以原形動(dòng)詞開頭，所以選A。6.________inbed.It’sbadforyoureyes.A.NottoreadB.Don’treadC.Don’ttoreadD.Notread【答案】B【解析】祈使句的否定句應(yīng)該為Don’tdo，所以選B。基礎(chǔ)演練一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.

picturebooksinclass,please.A.NotreadB.NoreadC.NotreadingD.Don'tread2.Ssh!

talkloudly.Thebabyissleepingrightnow.A.DoB.DoesC.Don'tD.Doesn't3.Doyou

wearauniformatschool?A.mustB.havetoC.mayD.can4.You

stopwhenthetrafficlightturnsred.A.canB.hadbetterC.needD.must5.---

yougiveyourseattothisoldman?---Ofcourse.A.CanB.ShallC.NeedD.Must二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型6.Throwthatpieceofpaperaway.(改為否定祈使句)

thatpieceofpaperaway.7.Picksomeflowers,please.(改為否定祈使句)

pick

flowers,please.8.Ihavetolookaftermyself.(改為否定句)I

lookaftermyself.9.Andyhastostudyforatest.(改為一般疑問句)

Andy

studyforatest?10.IcantalktoJenny'smother.(改為一般疑問句)

talktoJenny'smother?三、翻譯(根據(jù)中文提示完成句子)11.請(qǐng)找布朗先生接電話好嗎?

speaktoMr.Brown?12.在周末我喜歡去那兒，但是我得先做一些家務(wù)活。I

gothereonweekends,butI

somehouseworkfirst.13.地球是我們美麗的家園,我們必須保持地球清潔。Theearthisourbeautifulhome.We

.14.不要在街道上打籃球。

inthestreet.15.禁止在草上行走。

onthegrass.答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.D 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A 二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型6.Don'tthrow7.Don't,any8.don'thaveto9.Does,haveto10.Canyou三、翻譯(根據(jù)中文提示完成句子)11.Can/May/CouldI12.liketo;havetodo13.mustkeepitclean14.Don'tplaybasketball15.Don'twalk鞏固提高1.Doyourhomeworkathome.(改為否定句)

yourhomeworkathome.2.Doyouhaveagoodtimeatschool?(改為同義句)Doyouhave

atschool?3.Icaneatinthedininghall.(就劃線部分提問)

youeat?4.Pleasekeepquietinclass.(改為同義句)Don'tbe

inclass.5.Mustweeatinthehallways?(作否定回答)

,

.6.Youcan'tlistentomusicintheclassroom.(改為祈使句)

musicintheclassroom.7.Gooutonschoolnights.(改為否定句)

outonschoolnights.8.Shehastowashthedishesaftermeals.(改為一般疑問句)

she

washthedishesaftermeals?9.Wecaneatlunchatourschool.(改為以Let's開頭的句子)

lunchatourschool.10.Don'tdrawpicturesontheblackboard.(改為肯定句)

ontheblackboard.1.Don'tdo2.fun3.Wherecan4.noisy5.No,youneedn't6.Don'tlistento7.Don'tgo8.Does,haveto9.Let'seat10.Drawpictures一、翻譯(根據(jù)中文提示完成句子)1.她會(huì)說一點(diǎn)兒中文。She

speakalittleChinese.2.---學(xué)生們可以在走廊上跑嗎？---不，他們不能。---Canthestudentsruninthehallways?---No,they

.3.---我能在教室里吃東西嗎？---不，你不能。---

I

intheclassroom?---No,youcan't.4.你上課不要接電話。You

answerthetelephoneinclass.5.我10點(diǎn)鐘之前不得不上床睡覺。I

gotobedbefore10:00.二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型6.Willyoupleasenotopenthewindow?(改為祈使句)

thewindow.7.Wehavetocleantheroom.(就劃線部分提問)

doyouhaveto

?8.Shehastodoherhomework.(改為否定句)She

doherhomework.9.Ihavetostayathomeonrainydays.(改為一般疑問句并作出否定回答)

you

stayathomeonrainydays?No,I

.10.Youdon'thavetogetupsoearly.(改為同義句)You

getupsoearly.三、完形填空Everyschoolhasitsownrules.Howmany11

arethereinyourschool?Atsomeschools,thestudents12

towearuniformsonschooldays.Butmanystudentsdon'tliketowearuniforms.Theythinktheuniformsaretheugliest13

intheworld.Buttheschoolsdon'tallowthestudentstowear14

ownclothesatschool.Sosomestudentsdrawcartoonsorsomefamoussingersontheir15

.Theythinkitisvery16

thateveryonewearsthesame.Itisveryunfair(不公平的)thattheteachersandthestudentsarewearing17

.Butmostofthestudents18

therules.Whatdoyouthink19

it?Doyou20

yourschooluniforms?11.A.studentsB.rulesC.uniformsD.rulers12.A.hasB.mustC.shouldD.have13.A.clothesB.shirtsC.skirtsD.cloth14.A.theirB.theyC.themD.themselves15.A.schoolbagsB.booksC.uniformsD.desks16.A.boredB.boringC.interestingD.interested17.A.sameB.differentlyC.differentD.thesame18.A.obeyB.agreeC.listenD.listento19.A.ofB.aboutC.byD.for20.A.likeB.makeC.washD.puton一、翻譯(根據(jù)中文提示完成句子)1.can2.can't3.Can;eat4.mustn't5.haveto二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型6.Don'topen7.What,do8.doesn'thaveto9.Do,haveto;don't10.needn't三、完形填空11.B 12.D 13.A 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.A __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.---What'syourteacherlike?---Sheisalwaysstrict

us.A.inB.withC.to2.Mr.Blackalwaysgoestowork

time.Heisneverlate.A.atB.onC.inD.with3.---

Igooutwithmyfriends,Mom?---No,youcan't.Youmustdoyourhomeworkfirst.A.MustB.HavetoC.DoD.Can4.OnSundayIhavetogotothefarm

myparents.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped5.---Whataretherulesatyourschool?---Don'truninthehallwaysand

arrivelateforclass.A.nottoB.won'tC.don'tD.no6.Thereare

peopleinthehallandthereare

noise(噪音)init.A.toomany;toomuchB.toomany;muchtooC.toomuch;toomanyD.toomuch;muchtoo7.Ourclassroomis

.Wemustcleanit.A.dirtyB.sorryC.quietD.noisy8.---Whatdoyoudoafterdinner?---I

.A.havebreakfastB.havelunchC.getupearlyD.watchTV9.---Whatareyourrulesathome?---Ihavetogotobed

ten.A.afterB.beforeC.inD.on10.---Areyouhappy?---

.Ihavealotofrules.A.Yes,IamB.Yes,IdoC.No,I'mnotD.No,Idon't二、完形填空MynameisLiXia.Iamamiddleschoolstudent.Asastudent,Ihavemanyrules.Ican'tbelate11

class.Imust12

ontime.Ican'truninthehallways.Ican't13

intheclassroom.Imusteatinthedininghall.I14

listentomusicintheclassroom,butIcanlistentoitoutside.Ihavetowearmyschool15

everyday.Ican'twearahat.Intheschoollibrary,wemustbequiet.Wecan'ttalkloudlyorlaughloudly.Athome,Ihavetogetupearlyandhelpmymom16

breakfast.Ihavetomakethebedand17

mybedroomeverymorning.Ican'twatchTV18

playcomputergames19

schoolnights.Onweekends,Ihavetopracticetheguitarandthepiano.Ican'tplay20

onschooldays.Iamnothappy.WhatcanIdo?11.A.toB.withC.forD.in12.A.amB.isC.areD.be13.A.fightB.eatC.singD.dance14.A.can'tB.canC.doD.don't15.A.bookB.shoeC.uniformD.rules16.A.doB.makeC.todoesD.tomakes17.A.makeB.eatC.cleanD.follow18.A.orB.andC.withD.for19.A.inB.atC.onD.with20.A.thebasketballB.thesoccerC.volleyballD.piano三、閱讀理解TodayisSunday,andtherewillbeaconcert(音樂會(huì))atHongHeConcertHallat7:00p.m.Mr.Smitharrivesthereearly,andheisreadingthe"NoticetotheAudience(聽眾須知)".NoticetotheAudience1.Dressneatly(整潔)anddon'twearslippers(拖鞋)intotheconcerthall.2.Don'ttakefoodordrinkintothehall.3.Don'ttakechildrenunder1.2minheightintotheconcerthall.4.Keepoffallbeepersandmobilephones(手機(jī))duringtheconcert.5.Don'ttakephotosduringtheconcert.6.Don'tsmokeintheconcerthall.21.Whatdayisittoday?A.It'sSaturday.B.It'sSunday.C.It'sMonday.D.It'sFriday.22.Whattimeisitnow?A.7:00a.m.B.Before7:00inthemorning.C.7:00p.m.D.Before7:00p.m.23.Mr.Smithis

.A.listeningtotheconcertB.waitingforhisfriendsC.readingthenoticeD.watchingamovie24.Theaudiencehaveto

.A.wearslippersB.makephonecallsC.eatordrinksomethingD.dressneatly25.WhichisRIGHT?A.Childrenunder1.2mcan'tcomeintothehall.B.Peoplewithnobeepersormobilephonescan'tcomeintothehall.C.Ifyouwant,youcansmokeinthehall.D.Youcantakesomephotosduringtheconcert.四、單詞拼寫(單句首字母填空)26.Ithinkstudentsshouldfollowtheschoolr

.27.Wehavetobeq

inthelibrary.28.Don'tgooutb

youfinishyourhomework.29.Theroomistoosmall.Let'sgoo

.30.IlearnhowtousethecomputerandIf

veryhappy.五、適當(dāng)形式填空(單句適當(dāng)形式)31.Don'tbe

(noise)intheclassroom.32.Ifeelvery

(relax)afterhavingagoodrest.33.Ihavetodothe

(dish)afterdinner.34.Ihavemanystorybooks,butTomhas

(many).35.Pleasekeepyoureyes

(close).六、對(duì)話7選5A:Hello,LiLei.36.

B:Wecan'tarrivelateforclass.A:37.

B:No,wecan't.Butwecaneatinthedininghall.A:Canyoulistentomusicinthehallways?B:No,wecan't.38.

A:Doyouhavetowearuniforms?B:39.

A:40.

B:Yes,Ido,ormyparentswillbeangry(生氣).A:IhavetodomyhomeworkfirstwhenIgethome.A.Canyoueatintheclassroom?B.Doyouhavetofinishyourhomeworkafterschool?C.Whatareyourschoolrules?D.Yes,wedo.E.Andwecan'twearhatsatschool.七、選詞填空(短文選詞填空)latefirstparentsstrictleavingsayourfollowearlyafterOurClassRulesOurheadteacherisvery41.

withus.Hemakesmanyrulesforusandasksusto42.

them.Wehavetogetup43.

inthemorning.Allofusmustbeontimeforclass.Wecan'tarrive44.

.Wecan'tfightinoroutofclass.Ifwefight,hewillcallour45.

.Wecan'teatortalkloudlyinclass.Wemustlistentotheteachercarefully(認(rèn)真地).46.

class,wecan'trunorlistentomusicinthehallway.Wehavetowear47.

uniformsatschool.Wecan'twearahatinclass.Whenwegethome,wemustdohomework48.

.Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime.Whenwegettoschooleverymorning,wemust49.

"hello"toalltheteachersandsay"Goodbye"when50.

school.八、閱讀與表達(dá)(問答式)(101中學(xué)初一下期中考試)Haveyoueverhadproblemsinyourlifeanddon'tknowhowtobehappy?Ifso,youwillfindthebookBeingaHappyTeenagerisveryuseful,whichiswrittenbyanAustralianwriterAndrewMatthews.AndrewMatthewsworksasawriter,cartoonist(卡通畫家)andspeaker.Hisbookshavebeentranslatedinto20languages.Hehasbeenonover2000radiosandTVprograms.Inthisbook,Matthewstellsushowtohaveahappylifeandanswersthequestionsofteenagers.Therearemanytopicssuchasparentsandfriends,andthebooksaysweshouldstopbeingangryandlearntoforgive(原諒).Thebooktellsusofusefulskillssuchashowtoputwhatyouhavelearnedintopicturesofyourmindtomakeyourmemorybetter.Manyteenagersthinkthathappinesscomesfromagoodexammarksorpraisefromotherpeople.Butyoucanstillbehappywhentherearenosuch"good"things.Successcomesfromagoodattitude(態(tài)度).Ifyoulearnfromproblems,youwillhavesuccessinthefuture.Someschoolboyshaveproblemssuchasbeingtootallortooshort.ButMatthewstellsushappinesscomesfromthinkingaboutthingsinapositive(積極的)way.Ifyouaretall,peoplenoticeyouandyoucangetabetterview(視線)atthemovie;ifyouareshort,yourclothesandshoestakelessroominyourbedroom!ThisisMatthews'mostimportantlesson:Youchoosetobehappy!根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成下列小題。51.IsMatthewsAustralian?52.WhatdoesMatthewsdo?53.Doessuccesscomefromagoodattitudeornot?54.Howshouldyouthinkaboutthingsifyouaretootallortooshort?(nomorethan1