2024-2025學(xué)年山東省濟寧市微山縣第二中學(xué)高二12月月考英語試卷

2024—2025學(xué)年山東省濟寧市微山縣第二中學(xué)高二12月月考英語試卷

一、閱讀理解(★★★)YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCurieis,butyoumaynothearofRuzenaBajcsy.Ofthebrilliantladieslistedbelow,whoisthegreatestwomaninyourmind?RuzenaBajcsyBajcsyisanAmericanscientist.Shereceivedpraisefromotherscientistsbecauseofherresearchonrobotswithherstudentswhowereundertheguidanceofherteaching.Andshereceivedthe2009BenjaminFranklinMedalinComputerandCognitiveScienceforhercreationinrobots,especiallyinthedevelopmentofimprovedroboticperception(認知)andinthecreationofbettermethodstoanalyzemedicalimages.RachelCarsonRachelCarsonisanauthor.Atfirst,shemajoredinEnglishatthePennsylvaniaCollegeforWomen,butlatershechangedhermajor.HerpopularbookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangerofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.OprahWinfreyBornintopovertyinruralMississippi,WinfreyisasuccessfultalkshowhostessandoneoftherichestAfricanAmericansofthe20thcentury.Shechangedthemodesoftalkshowbyusingamorehonestwayofmediacommunicationandadjustedhertalkshowwithafocusonliteratureandself-improvement,whichmadehershowbecomethehighest-ratedtelevisionprogramofitskindinhistory.SherylSandbergSherylSandbergisagreatdirectorofFacebook.In2012,shewasnamedintheTime100,alistofthemostpowerfulpeopleintheworld.ShepublishedherfirstbookLeanIn:Women,Work,andtheWilltoLeadin2013.Thisbooktalksaboutbusinessleadershipanddevelopment,atthesametimediscussesthelackofwomeningovernmentandbusinessleadershippositions.1.WhatisBajcsymostnotedfor?

A．Hernewbookonrobots.B．Herexcellentteachingskills.C．Hercontributionstotechnology.D．Heracademicresearchonmedicine.2.WhywasOprah’stalkshowsopopular?

A．Herrespectforthepoortouchedtheaudience.B．Shepresentedhershowincreativeformsandcontents.C．Shetalkedaboutcurrenteventshappeningaroundtheworld.D．Herpersonalexperiencesencouragedpeopletolivepositively.3.Sandberg’sfirstbookissuitableforwomenwho________.

A．a(chǎn)reinterestedinsocialmediaB．a(chǎn)redevotedtocommunityworkC．wanttoachievetheircareervaluesD．desiretoimprovetheirwritingskills(★★★)23-year-oldRachnaKumariisasoft-spokenyoungwomansellinguniquewheatstalkpaintings(麥稈畫)handmadebyherself.Everymorning,evenbeforehermotherawakens,shefinishescookingandcleaningbeforecycling5kmtorunhershopalone.Overthepastyear,shehassoldabout200ofherpaintings,50ofwhichwereboughtsincesheopenedhershopinAprilthisyear.However,backin2019,Rachnahadalmostgivenuponlifeafterhavingtoleaveschoolduetofamily’sfinancialproblems.Shebecamedepressed,thinkingshewouldhavetospendtherestofherdaysdoinghouseholdchores.Aroundthistime,theAgaKhanFoundation(AKF)cameintothepicturewithProjectLehar,startedtoprovidevocationaltraining,entrepreneurship(創(chuàng)業(yè)),andlifeskillscoursestoyoungwomen.ProjectLehar,runbyAKFinpartnershipwithTheKing’sTrustInternational,enablesgirlsandyoungwomenfromdisadvantagedbackgroundstorediscoverandrealisetheirpotential.ThiswasagoodopportunityforRachnatonotjustcontinueherstudiesbutalsotoconvinceherparentstodrophermarriageplans.AftershewasadmittedintocollegethroughProjectLehar,shewasalsogivensomesuggestionsonentrepreneurialandcareerprospects.OnesuchsessiononwheatstalkpaintingmadeherfallinlovewiththistraditionalartformofBahraichandhercreativitywasbroughtout.Nowsheiseconomicallyindependentbysellingwheatstalkpaintings.However,Rachnaisnotrestingonherachievements.Hershopalsodoublesupasatrainingcentrewhereothergirlsfromdisadvantagedbackgroundslikeherwhowanttostandontheirfeetgetasecondchancetochangetheirliveslikeshedid.Whileteachingtheseenthusiasticyounggirlsisajoyfulexperience,whatgivesRachnamoreprideisbeingchosenasawheatstalkpaintingtrainerbythefoundation.Frombeingatraineeunderthisprojecttonowbecomingitspaidtrainer,Rachna’slifehascomefullcircle.4.WhatonceleftRachnainlowspirits?

A．Losingherfavoritejob.B．Droppingoutofschool.C．Ridingtohershopalone.D．Doinghouseholdchores.5.HowdidRachnabenefitfromProjectLehar?

A．Shereceivedsomedonationsfromit.B．Shehadanewattitudetowardmarriage.C．Shewassponsoredtoopenherownshop.D．Shegotthechancetocontinueherstudies.6.WhichwordscanbeusedtodescribeRachna?

A．Talentedandmodest.B．Outgoingandsuccessful.C．Wealthyandindependent.D．Hard-workingandcreative.7.WhatbringsRachnamoresenseofachievement?

A．Becomingafirst-ratewomanartist.B．Givingfinancialhelptodisadvantagedgirls.C．Beingselectedasawheatstalkpaintingtrainer.D．SettingupthefamousProjectLeharindependently.(★★★)DonnaStricklandisaprofessorintheDepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy.ProfessorStricklandisoneoftherecipients(接受者)oftheNobelPrizeinPhysics2018withGérardMourou,herPhDteacheratthetime.TheypublishedthisNobel-winningresearchin1985whenStricklandwasaPhDstudentattheUniversityofRochesterinNewYorkstate.Togethertheypavedthewaytowardthemostintenselaserpulsesevercreated.ProfessorDonnaStricklandisonlythethirdwomanevertohavewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.SheandherfellowwinnerswerehonoredforwhattheNobelCommitteecalledgroundbreakinginventionsinlaserphysics.ProfessorStricklandfoundawaytouselasersasveryprecisedrillingorcuttingtools.Millionsofeyeoperationsareperformedeveryyearwiththesesharpestlaserbeams."Howsurprisingdoyouthinkitisthatyou'rethethirdwomantowinthisprize?""Well,thatissurprising,isn'tit?Ithinkthat'sthestoryofMariathatpeoplewanttotalkabout—thatwhyshouldittake60years?Therearesomanywomenouttheredoingfantasticresearch,sowhydoesittakesolongtogetrecognized?"Physicsstillhasoneofthelargestgender(性別)gapsinscience.Onerecentstudyconcludedthatatthecurrentrateitwouldbemorethantwocenturiesuntiltherewereequalnumbersofseniormaleandfemaleresearchersinthefield.ThelastwomantowintheNobelPrizeinPhysicswasGerman-bornMariaGoeppertMayerforherdiscoveriesaboutthenucleiofatoms.BeforethatitwasMarieCurie,whosharedthe1903prizewithherhusband,Pierre.Thisyear'swinnershopethatbreakingthishalfcenturyhiatus(間斷)willmeanthefocusinthefuturewillbeontheresearch,ratherthanthegenderoftheresearcher.8.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword"groundbreaking"inParagraph2?

A．Active.B．Amazing.C．Creative.D．Interesting.9.WhatdoweknowaboutProfessorStrickland'sachievement?

A．Shecreatedthemostintenselaserpulsesbyherself.B．Shesupportedequalitybetweenmanandwomen.C．Shediscoveredthenucleiofatomswithherhusband.D．Sheinventedawayofusinglasersascuttingtools.10.WhendidthesecondwomanwinningtheNobelPrizeinPhysicswinthehonor?

A．In1903.B．In1958.C．In1963.D．In1985.11.WhatcanbeinferredfromthestatementsinParagraph4?

A．Women'sachievementsinphysicsareasgreatasmen's.B．Women'sachievementsinphysicsaremoreandmorefantastic.C．Maria'sdiscoveriesresultedfromherlongtimeresearch.D．Genderinequalitystillexistsinthefieldofscienceresearch.(★★★)Scientistshavesuccessfullyimplantedandintegratedhumanbraincellsintonewbornrats,creatinganewwaytostudycomplexpsychiatricdisorderssuchasschizophrenia(精神分裂癥),andperhapseventuallytesttreatments.Scientistscanassemblesmallsectionsofhumanbraintissuemadefromstemcellsinaspecialcontainer.Butinsuchacontainer,“neurons(神經(jīng)元)don’tgrowtothesize,towhichahumanneuroninanactualhumanbrainwouldgrow,”saidSergiuPasca,thestudy’sleadauthorfromStanfordUniversity.Toovercomesuchrestrictions,researchersimplantedthegroupingsofhumanbraincells,calledorganoids,intothebrainsofyoungrats.Humanneuronshavealsobeenimplantedintoadultratsbefore,butananimal’sbrainstopsdevelopingatacertainage,limitinghowwellimplantedcellscanintegrate.“Bytransplantingthemattheseearlystages,wefoundthattheseorganoidscangrowrelativelylargeandreceivenutrients,andtheycancoveraboutathirdofarat’sbrain,”saidPasca.Totesthowwellthehumanneuronsintegratedwiththeratbrainsandbodies,airwasblownoutacrosstheanimals’whiskers,whichpromptedelectricalactivityinthehumanneurons.Thatshowedthatexternalstimulationoftherat’sbodywasprocessedbythehumanbraintissue.Thescientiststhenconductedanothertestintheoppositeorder.Theyimplantedhumanbraincellswhichcouldrespondtobluelight,andthentrainedtheratstoexpecta“reward”ofwaterfromapipewhenbluelightshoneontheneuronsviaacableintheanimals’brain.Aftertwoweeks,theyfoundpulsingthebluelightsenttheratsscramblingtothepipe.TheteamhasnowusedthetechniquetoshowthatorganoidsdevelopedfrompatientswithTimothysyndromegrowmoreslowlyanddisplaylesselectricalactivitythanthosefromhealthypeople.TaraSpires-Jones,aprofessorattheUniversityofEdinburgh’sUKDementiaResearchInstitute,saidthework“hasthepotentialtoadvancewhatweknowaboutpsychiatricdisorders.”12.Whydidscientistsresearchonratsinsteadofthespecialcontainer?

A．Becausepsychiatricdisordersaretoocomplex.B．Becauseratsalsosuffersimilarpsychiatricillnesses.C．Becauseitlimitsthegrowthofhumanbrainneurons.D．Becausehumanbrainneuronsgrowtooquicklyinit.13.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

A．Rats’agehasasignificantinfluenceontheresearch.B．Humanbraincellscan’tbeimplantedintoadultrats.C．Rats’brainwon’tdevelopiftheyreceivehumanneurons.D．Humanneuronscangrowlargerinadultrats’brainthanyoungrats’.14.Whydidtheresearcherscarryoutonemoretest?

A．Totrainratstorespondtoexternalstimulations.B．Toshowsimilaritiesbetweenratsandhumantissues.C．Toconfirmhumanbraincellscouldgrowwellinrats’brains.D．Tocheckwhethersignalscouldbesentbacktorats’body.15.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearch?

A．Itcanadvancemoreexperimentsonrats.B．Itcanfurtherourstudyofpsychiatricillnesses.C．Itcanprovidesomeusefulexperimentalmethods.D．Itcanpromoteourknowledgeofhumanbraincells.(★★)Bathedintwoculturesfromchildhood,movingaroundtheworldandexperiencingdifferentcultureshavealwaysbeenmything.WhenIwasinhighschool,IheardaboutstudentsinmyclasswantingtotaketheSATandstudyabroadintheUSA.16.Actually,whatIwantedtoexperiencemostwastheEuropeanlifestyleandculturalmix.IusedtotravelalotaroundEuropewithmyparentsasalittlekid,notforgettingthattheFrenchlanguageisoneofmymothertongues,andthereforeFranceseemslikeatopchoiceforme.FrenchuniversitieshaveagoodreputationandtheFrenchcapitalisinternationallywellknownforitsculturalhistory.17.MyuniversitywasinoneofthosesmallcitiesandIalsogotthechancetoobtainascholarshipwhichmadeiteasierformetostartmystudies.18.Opportunitieswereofferedtodevelopournetworkingandexplorethebusinessworld.TheuniversityparticipatedasapartnerininternationalnetworkingcoursesleadingtoaEuropeanmaster’sdegree,adoubledegree,ortrainingabroad.19.So,ifyouareaninternationalstudentwhocomestoFranceforstudy,youcantakethechancetoexploreanothercountryforatermandstudyEnglish.IrememberwantingtotakethisopportunityinmyfirstyearofmycollegelifeandtrytheprogramwhichbackthenofferedstudentsthechancetogoonanexchangewithLinnaeusUniversityinSweden.20.

A．IappliedandwasluckytogetacceptedB．ButIwasnotthatattractedtostudyingthereC．Youcanfindalotofstudent-friendlycitiesaswellD．Besides,alltheseuniversitieshavetheirownuniqueadvantagesE．TheuniversityIchosewassmallbutusedtoinvitebusinesspresidentsanddirectorsF．BecausetherearemanyuniversitieswithgoodreputationwhichattractsstudentsG．Plus,allFrenchuniversitiesworkwithseveralcountriestoofferanexchangeprogram二、完形填空(★★★)Careersinsciencearegenerallybelievedtobetoocomplexforstudentswhoaren’ttalentedorcleverenough,butScottKelly,commanderoftheInternationalSpaceStation,wouldproveit’swrong.Asakid,hewasabsent-mindedand_______inscienceandallothersubjectsaswell.Hecouldn’t_______whattheteacherssaidinclass.Therefore,heearnedterriblegradesand_______graduatedfromhighschool,andheeventhoughthewouldnever_______hisdreams.Thatall_______whenhepickedupthefilmTheRightStuff,TomWolfe’sclassicaccountofthepioneeringAmericanswhofirstexploredspace._______,hewasdeterminedtobeanastronaut,whichmeantdoingwellin_______class.Sofromthatdayon,he_______hismindtodowellinit.Aftersomanyyearsofdaydreaming,itwouldn’tbe_______.Buthestartedregardingstudyasagame.Themorehe________hisstudyskills,thebettergradeshegot.Eventually,itbecamea(n)________withhimselftoseehowgoodhecouldget.Thentheformer________startedgettingstraightA’sinscience,whichis________forthosewhowanttobeanastronaut.Soweneedtostop________thestatementthatscienceisjusttoohard.Everyonecanlearnthisstuff—hejustneedstobe________todothework.21.A．severeB．uninterestedC．engagedD．experienced22.A．holdonB．bankonC．focusonD．lookinto23.A．barelyB．nearlyC．easilyD．successfully24.A．a(chǎn)bandonB．a(chǎn)cknowledgeC．transformD．a(chǎn)chieve25.A．finishedB．changedC．occurredD．suspected26.A．InspiredB．DepressedC．SatisfiedD．Shocked27.A．statisticB．scienceC．geographyD．chemistry28.A．putupB．passedupC．madeupD．weighedup29.A．substantialB．difficultC．complexD．easy30.A．practicedB．rejectedC．a(chǎn)rrangedD．exchanged31.A．principleB．a(chǎn)greementC．guidanceD．competition32.A．a(chǎn)stronautB．scientistC．daydreamerD．pioneer33.A．essentialB．superiorC．convenientD．worthy34.A．correctingB．involvingC．furtheringD．cooperating35.A．a(chǎn)shamedB．willingC．optimisticD．outstanding三、語法填空(★★★)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinawillbuildtheworld’slargestnationalparksystem,andalayoutplanwillbereleasedsoon.Theplanisbeingdrafted36(meet)therequirementsofbuildingasystemwiththelargestscaleofprotection,themostdiversegeographicalfeaturesandthehighestconservationvalueintheworld.Undertheplan,37waslaunchedbytheadministrationin2019,about50areashavebeenselectedascandidatesfornationalparks.Theparksareexpectedtocover10percentofthe38(country)landareaandpreservemorethan80percentofthekeynational39(protect)wildplantandanimalspecies.InOctober,Chinaannounceditsfirstgroupoffivenationalparks,40(cover)atotallandareaofmorethan230,000squarekilometers.Sincetheir41(establish),theparkshavemadeachievementsinenvironmentalandspeciesprotection.“Atthesametime,anewgroupofnationalparksarebeingestablished42anorderlymannerandwillbeputintouseassoonaspossible,”43(emphasize)Li,theNationalForestryandGrasslandAdministrationofficial.LialsosaidatthenewsconferenceonMonday44China’splantedforestconservationareahasreached87.6millionhectares,rankingNo.1intheworld.Chinaisalsooneofthe12countrieswiththe45(rich)biodiversityintheworld,headded.四、書信寫作(★★★)46.假定你是李華。你的愛爾蘭筆友Steve得知你參加了學(xué)校舉辦的主題為“ScientificSpirit”的英文演講比賽，特發(fā)來郵件詢問。請你給他回封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.比賽的時間及地點；2.參賽過程；3.你的感受。注意：1.詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、書面表達(★★★★)47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。AnAngelonaSnowyNightThewindwasblowinghardasIwasdrivingdownthetwistsandturnsofthecountryroad.Iwasdesperatetogethomebeforedark,butthereseemednoway.Theforecastsaidtherewasgoingtobeaheavysnowontheway.Itwasfreezingcoldoutside.Thewindwasblowingagainstthewindows,lettingoutbuzzingnoises.Hairstandingonend,Isteppedhardontheaccelerator,longingtomakeittomycozyhomeearlier.ThecarwasroaringalongtheroughroadwhenIsuddenlyheardabigbangcomingfrombehind.Thecarsomehowsloweddown,andImanagedtopullitovertothesideoftheroad.Iwasinacoldsweatfromextremeterror,wonderingwhathadjusthappened.Draggingmyselfoutofthedriver’sseat,Ishiveredwithcold.Suddenly,agustofcoldwindclearedmyhead.QuicklyIexamin