浙江省杭州市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題 含解析

學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末學(xué)業(yè)水平測(cè)試高二年級(jí)英語試題卷考生須知：本試卷分選擇題部分和非選擇題部分，共頁。滿分分，考試用時(shí)分鐘。用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，只需上交答題卷。第一部分聽力共兩節(jié)，滿分分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)共5小題每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?A.Buyagift.B.amovie.C.hermum.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Oh,Lucy,whereareyougoing?youliketogotothecinemawithmethisafternoon?W:Sorry,David,Iamgoingtothemalltobuyapresentformymum.Herbirthdayiscoming.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】HowdidMaryfeelbeforethecontest?A.Nervous.B.Confident.C.Confused.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:HowwasyourEnglishspeechcontestyesterday,Mary?第1頁/共27頁W:behonest,Icouldn’tcalmdownatfirst,butonceIstartedspeaking,Ifeltmoreconfident.Ithinkitwentprettywell.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatistheman’ssuggestion?A.Studyingtogether.B.Havingawalk.C.Eatingbreakfast.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:I’msotiredofstudyingforthisexam.Ineedabreak.W:Whydon’twegoforawalkinthepark?It’sabeautifuldayM:Thatsoundsgreat.couldenjoythefreshairandrelaxforawhile.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatdoesprobablylikedrinkingonSundays?A.B.Juice.C.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:doyoudrinkteaeveryday?M:Hmm,Idrinkacupofteaeveryafternoononweekdays,butIusuallydrinkonweekends,andyou?W:Ipreferjuice.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howdidthemangotoworkinthepast?A.Bybus.B.Bysubway.C.Onfoot.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Imovetoanewapartment.It’sbiggerandbrighter,butIneedtotakethebusandthenthesubwaytowork.W:Doyoumissthedaysofwalkingtothecompany?M:Alittlebit,buttheisworthit.第二節(jié)共小題每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的Ａ、Ｂ、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)第2頁/共27頁中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。6.WhathappenedtoJonny’sphone?A.Thescreenwasbroken.B.Thebatterywasfaulty.C.Thecameradidn’twork.7.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Buyaphone.B.Repairthephone.C.Haveaclass.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Johnny,Itriedtoreachyouyesterday,butcouldn’tgetthrough.Whathappened?M:Myphonewasoutoforder.W:Didyoucrackyourphonescreenagainbyaccident?I’vetoldyoutobecareful.M:No,itwasn’tthat.Thebatterywasbrokenandwouldn’tcharge.W:Oh,I’msorrytohearthat.Sowhatareyougoingtodoaboutit?M:I’mgoingtobuyanewone,asthisonehasbeenrepairedtoomanytimes.W:I’llgowithyou.Let’shavealessonfirst.M:Okay.8.Whoisthewomanprobablytalkingto?A.Herhusband.B.Atravelagent.C.Atourist.9.WhatdoweknowaboutthesuggestedBalitour?A.Itlastsfivedays.B.Itfocusesonhistoricalsites.C.Itastayatafive-starhotel.10Whatdoesthewomanwanttoseeaftertheconversation?第3頁/共27頁A.Maps.B.Brochures.C.guides.【答案】8.B9.C10.B【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,myhusbandandIarelookingforaromanticgetawaythissummer.M:Goodmorning,madam,wherewouldyouliketogo?W:haven’tdecidedyet.Anysuggestions?M:HowaboutBali?W:Hmm,tellmemoreaboutit.M:It’saseven-daytrip.stayatafivestarhotel.canenjoywatersportslikesurfinganddiving,exploreancienttemplesorsimplyrelaxonthebeach.canalsoarrangespottreatments.HerearesomemapsbrochuresandtravelguidesaboutBali.W:Thatsoundswonderful.I’dliketoseesomebrochuresaboutit.WhatdoesMarkthinkofmodernsculpture(雕塑)?A.Itistooabstract.B.Ithasartisticvalue.C.Itappealstoagedpeople.12.Whatmaterialwasusedforthesecondsculpture?A.Metal.B.C.Glass.13.WhatwillMarkprobablydothisSaturday?A.Attendanartclass.B.adisplay.C.Buyamodernsculpture.【答案】A12.C13.B【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Mark,Ijustgotbackfromthesculpturedgarden.Theyhavethisamazingdisplayofmodernsculptures.shouldhavecomewithme.M:Idon’tknowmodernsculpturesseemabittooabstractforme.W:ifyoudon’tunderstandtheartist’sintention,itcanfeelabitconfusing.M:Whatdidyouseethen?W:Thereweretwosculpturesthatreallystoodout.Thefirstwasthismetalpiecethatlookedlikeatwistedtree.第4頁/共27頁M:Whatdidyoulikeaboutit?W:Thewaythemetalwastwistedandturned.ItfeltsoorganicandThedarkcolorgaveitasenseofageandmystery.M:That’sinteresting.Whatabouttheotherone?W:Thesecondonewasthistallsculpturemadeofglass.Thelightseemedtopassthroughit,changingitscolorandshapedependingontheangle.M:Hmm,yourdescriptionisreallymakingmereconsidermodernsculpture.MaybeIshouldcheckoutthisdisplayonSaturday.W:reallyshould.14.Whatmakesthemanwanttostartagardeningclub?A.Hismajor.B.Hiswork.C.Hisinterest.15.Howoftenmaytheclubmembersmeet?A.Onceaday.B.Onceaweek.C.Onceamonth.16.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Athome.C.Atagarden.17.What’sthewoman’sattitudetowardstheman’splan?A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.C.Critical.【答案】14.C15.C16.B17.A【解析】【原文】W:Soyouwanttostartagardeningclub?M:IloveplantsandI’mhopingtomeetotherpeoplewhosharemypassion.W:Soundsgreat,buthaveyoufiguredouthowexactlytodoit?M:notreally.Iwastalkingtomyneighbortheotherdayandtheymentionedhowthey’dalwayswantedtotrygardeningbutneverknewwheretostart.W:Sotheyinspiredyoutostartaclub?M:Notexactly.Ijustwanttosharemyknowledgeandexperiencewithothers.Andhopefullylearnafewnewthingsmyself.W:Doyouwanttofocusongrowingvegetables,flowersorboth?第5頁/共27頁M:Ithinkweshouldbeopentoallkindsofgardening.canhavediscussionsaboutdifferenttechniquesandsharetips.W:That’sagreatidea,buthaveyouconsideredhowoftenyou’llmeetandwear?M:Maybeonceamonthatthelocalcommunitygarden.W:Thatsoundsfun.you’vegotalotofplanningtodo,butfirstyoushouldfinishcleaningallthedishes.M:Noproblem,areyouinterestedinjoiningtheclub?W:Ofcourse,I’vebeenwantingtogetmoreinvolvedinthecommunity.18.Whatisthereasonforthechangeoftheplan?A.Badweather.B.Lackoftime.C.Naturaldisasters.19.WhenwillthespeakerprobablyleavetheMuséed’Orsay?A.At10:00a.m.B.At2:00p.m.C.At6:00p.m.20.Whatisthelaststopofthetour?A.TheCentrePompidou.B.TheMuséed’Orsay.C.TheLouvreMuseum.【答案】18.A19.B20.A【解析】【原文】W:Hieveryoneit’sarainydayinParis.havetogiveupourplansforromanticwalkalongthesameriver.Butdon’tworry,wecanstillhaveafantastictimeexploringsomeofthecity’smostfamousmuseums.willsetatteno’clocka.m.andstartwiththeLouvmuseum.It’soneoftheworld’slargestandmostfamousmuseumsandit’shometomanyincredibleworksofart.IncludingtheMonaLisaandthedemilo.Afterthatwe’llheadtoTheMuséed’Orsay.Thismuseumishousedinabeautifuloldtrainstationandhasafantasticofimpressionistandpost-impressionistpaintings,includingworksbyMonaiRenarandRememberwehavetoleavethereattwoo’clockp.m.FinallywillarriveatTheCentrePompidou.Thismodernartmuseumisknownforitsuniquearchitectureandithousesavastcollectionofcontemporaryart.第二部分閱讀共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題：每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。第6頁/共27頁AIfyouareanenthusiasticandmotivated16-17yearoldstudent,lookingforasummerexperiencetoinspireandenlightenyou,ourPre-UniversitySummerSchoolisforyou.canexperienceatasteofuniversitylife,withlike-mindedpeersfromaroundtheworld.■Fourcoursestochoosefrom:EconomicsandFinance,SocialSciences,ArtsandHumanities,andScienceandEngineering■Enjoytennightsonbeautifulself-containedcampus■Livealongsidestudentambassadors(currentstudents)■SpendthedayinLondon,includingachoiceofactivities,aswellasavisittothefamousCityofOxford■AgreatmixofacademicandpersonaldevelopmentsessionsaswellassocialandculturalactivitiesStudentsapplyingforthisprogrammemustbeaged16-17andconsideringapplyingorhavealreadyappliedtouniversity.Therearenosubjectspecificcriteria(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))butyoumustbeapassionatelearner.OurSummerSchoolcourseistaughtinEnglishsostudentsmustbeabletodemonstrateagoodlevelofEnglishlanguageandcomprehension.assessstudents’Englishabilitythroughtheirapplicationandcorrespondence.mayrequireimmigrationpermissiontoattendthePre-UniversitySummerSchool.shouldonlystartyourvisaapplicationonceyouhavemadeatuitionfeepaymentandreceivedanelectronicvisainvitationletter.21.WhatisthemainpurposeofthePre-UniversitySummerSchool?A.teachstudentsacademicsubjects.B.preparestudentsforuniversitylife.C.provideanexchangeexperience.D.helpstudentsimprovelanguageskills.22.Whichisoneoftherequirementsforstudentstobeacceptedintotheprogram?A.Beingatleast17yearsold.B.Beingenthusiasticlearners.C.Havingalreadyappliedtouniversity.D.Havingaspecificacademicbackground.23.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Auniversitywebsite.B.Atravelbrochure.C.Anewsarticle.D.Atextbook.第7頁/共27頁【答案】21.B22.B23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文主要介紹了華威大學(xué)預(yù)科暑期學(xué)校，包括學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容、錄取要求和語言要求等。【21題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ifyouareanenthusiasticandmotivated16-17yearoldstudent,lookingforasummerexperiencetoinspireandenlightenyou,ourPre-UniversitySummerSchoolisforyou.canexperienceatasteofuniversitylife,withlike-mindedpeersfromaroundtheworld.(如果你是一個(gè)充滿熱情和動(dòng)力的16-17的。你可以體驗(yàn)大學(xué)生活的味道，與來自世界各地志同道合的同齡人。)”可知，華威大學(xué)預(yù)科暑期學(xué)校是為了讓參與者體驗(yàn)大學(xué)生活，為大學(xué)生活做好準(zhǔn)備，由此可知，華威大學(xué)預(yù)科暑期學(xué)校的主要目的是讓學(xué)生為大學(xué)生活做好準(zhǔn)備。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Entrycriteria”部分關(guān)鍵句“Therearenosubjectspecificcriteria(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))butyoumustbeapassionatelearner.(沒有特定學(xué)科的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但你必須是一個(gè)充滿激情的學(xué)習(xí)者。)”可知，被錄取者必須是一個(gè)充滿激情的學(xué)習(xí)者；由此可知，學(xué)生被錄取的要求之一是“必須是熱情的學(xué)習(xí)者”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“Ifyouareanenthusiasticandmotivated16-17yearoldstudent,lookingforasummerexperiencetoinspireandenlightenyou,ourPre-UniversitySummerSchoolisforyou.(如果你是一名16-17學(xué)校正是為你而設(shè)。)”以及下文對(duì)課程信息、入學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、語言要求和簽證要求等詳細(xì)介紹可知，本文是華威大學(xué)預(yù)科暑期學(xué)校的招生簡(jiǎn)介，由此可知，文章更可能出自于大學(xué)網(wǎng)站。故選A項(xiàng)。BWhenphotojournalistJasperDoestarrivedintheAlpstodocumentthecoexistenceofhumansandwildlife,hefoundastoryonthesideoftheroad—agroupofbearsbeggingforfood.Thiscloseencounterledtoincrediblephotographs.Butitalsoemphasizesthethatconservationists(自然環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者)inRomaniaandelsewherefaceintheirtorestoreandprotectwildplaces.attractedbytheregion’sbrownbearsoftengiveintothetemptationtofeedthemThiscanhavedisastrouseffects.Usuallyshyaroundpeopleittakesjustafewmealstogetbearshookedonhumanfood—and,第8頁/共27頁afterthat,theydon’tstaywildlong.Instead,theycanbecomedependentonhumansforfood,fuelingmorebear-humanrun-insandputtingbearsindangerwhentheygettooclose.Thisregionhasseenariseinbear-humanconflicts.In2023,therewere95bearincidents,andahikerwasfatallymauled.Thispromptedofficialstoraisetheannualbearkillquota.Doestalsodocumentedanattackedmotherbearwhoseleghadbeenlost,forcedtobegforfoodalongtheroad.Bearsfedbyhumansbecome“problembears”,fuelinglocaloppositiontorewilding(再野生化)projects,asmoreforestsmeanmorebears.Whiledrivingonamountainpass,Doestandhisassistantrealizedthebearswerewaitingforhumanhandouts.Theyhadcompletelychangedtheirbehavior.Doestsawotherexamplesofhowtourists’handoutshadchangedtheecosystem.Ashewatchedpeoplefeedingbearssnackslikedoughnuts,herealizedthestoryofconversationintheregionwasasmuchaboutpeopleaswildlife.“Itisn’tjustaboutrewilding—it’sabouttheopportunitiesandstrugglesrewildingbringsus,”hesays.“It’sabouthowtoacceptnatureinourlives,andhowwecouldbenefitifwedoittherightway.”Sodon’tfeedthebears.couldsaveananimal’slife,andacommunity’scommitmenttowildlifeconservation.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hurdles”inparagraph1mean?A.Challenges.B.Responsibilities.C.Measures.D.Dangers.25.Whatisthemainreasonfortheincreaseinbear-humanconflictsintheregion?A.Thegrowingnumberoftourists.B.Theexpansionofhumansettlements.C.Thebears’dependenceonhumanfood.D.Thedecreaseinnaturalfoodsourcesforbears.26.Whydosomelocalsopposerewildingprojects?A.Theybelievethatrewildingwillattractmoretourists.B.Theyfearthatrewildingwillharmthelocaleconomy.C.Theythinkthatrewildingisnoteffectiveinprotectingwildlife.D.Theyworrythatrewildingwillcausemorebear-humanconflicts.27.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsfeedingbears?A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Indifferent.第9頁/共27頁【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.B【解析】JasperDoest在羅馬尼亞特蘭西瓦尼亞阿爾卑斯山的所見所聞，強(qiáng)調(diào)了人類活動(dòng)對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的影響以及保護(hù)野生環(huán)境的挑戰(zhàn)。【24題詳解】WhenphotojournalistJasperDoestarrivedintheAlpstodocumentthecoexistenceofhumansandwildlife,hefoundastoryonthesideoftheroad—agroupofbearsbeggingforfood.Thiscloseencounterledtoincrediblephotographs.Butitalsoemphasizesthehurdlesthatconservationists(自然環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者)inRomaniaandelsewherefaceintheirtorestoreandprotectwildplaces.(當(dāng)攝影記者JasperDoest故事——一群熊在乞求食物。這次近距離的遭遇讓他拍攝到了令人驚嘆的照片。但這同時(shí)也凸顯了羅馬尼亞和其他地方的環(huán)保人士在恢復(fù)和保護(hù)野生環(huán)境方面所面臨的hurdles)自己尋找食物，這反應(yīng)了自然環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者在恢復(fù)和保護(hù)野生環(huán)境方面所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，hurdles的含義是“挑戰(zhàn)”，與“Challenges(挑戰(zhàn))”意思相符。故選A。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Usuallyshyaroundpeople,ittakesjustafewmealstogetbearshookedonhumanfood—and,afterthat,theydon’tstaywildlong.Instead,theycanbecomedependentonhumansforfood,fuelingmorebear-humanrun-insandputtingbearsindangerwhentheygettooclose.Thisregionhasseenariseinbear-humanconflicts.(棕熊通常對(duì)人類很害羞，但只要吃過幾次人類的食物，它們就會(huì)上癮——之后，它們就不會(huì)再保持野性多久。相反，它們可能會(huì)變得依賴人類獲取食物，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多熊與人類的沖突，而當(dāng)它們靠得太近時(shí)，熊也會(huì)陷入危險(xiǎn)。該地區(qū)熊與人類的沖突已經(jīng)有所增加)”可知，該地區(qū)熊與人沖突增加的主要原因是熊對(duì)人類食物的依賴。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Bearsfedbyhumansbecome“problembears”,fuelinglocaloppositiontorewilding(再野生化)projects,asmoreforestsmeanmorebears.(當(dāng)?shù)貙?duì)再野生化項(xiàng)目的反對(duì)，因?yàn)楦嗟纳忠馕吨嗟男?”可知，一些當(dāng)?shù)厝朔磳?duì)再野生化項(xiàng)目是因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心這會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的熊與人之間的沖突。故選D?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Sodon’tfeedthebears.couldsaveananimal’slife,andacommunity’scommitmenttowildlifeconservation.(第10頁/共27頁生動(dòng)物保護(hù)的承諾)”可知，作者對(duì)喂熊的態(tài)度是否定的。故選B。CScientistscannowconductspaceresearchonEarthasChina’s“groundspacestation”hasbeenputintotrialoperation,reportedXinhua.ThefacilityiscalledSpaceEnvironmentSimulationandResearchInfrastructure(SESRI).SESRIsimulates(模擬)conditionsinspaceandisdesignedforstudyingbasicspacescience.Thiswillhelpscientistsdoexperimentsthattheynormallydoinspace.SESRIisjointlydevelopedbytheHarbinInstituteofandtheChinaAerospaceScienceandCorporation.“SpaceisverydifferentfromtheenvironmentonEarthandcanhavedifferentonspacecraft.Whatwedohereistoexplorehowthetakeplaceandwhy,”LiLiyi,executivedeputydirectorofSESRI,toldGuangmingDaily.Atthefacility,thereisadevicethatsimulatesthespaceenvironmentfrom100kilometersawayfromEarthtothesun.Inthisarea,morethan99percentofvisiblematterisinaplasma(等離子體)stateinwhichgasisinahighlychargedandenergeticstateofmatter.Byre-creatingtheenvironment,thedevicecantesthowplasmaspacecraft.Also,oneofthebiggestproblemsmannedspacetravelfacesiswhenspacecraftenterEarth’satmosphere,theyaresurroundedbyplasma,leadingtocommunicationblackouts(黑障).Thetestcentercanalsohelpsolvethisissueasresearchersnowhavemoreopportunitiestodotests.Theresearchersfacedmanychallengeswhenbuildingthesimulationsystem,asconnectingvariouspartsofthedevicecanbeverycomplicated.heldmorethan700meetingsoveraconnectionproblemalone.”JinChenggangatthefacilitytoldHeilongjiangNews.SESRIalsohassimulationsystemsforthemoonandMars,whichcanre-createthevacuum,extremetemperatures,andspaceradiationthatastronautswouldencounteronthesespacebodies.Thesystemswillhelpastronautspreparefortheirmissionstotheseplacesinthefuture,reportedGuangmingDaily.Inthefuture,theplatformwillalsoplayanimportantroleinareasincludingbrainscience,lifeandhealthresearch,andthedevelopmentofhigh-endinstruments.28.Whatisthemainbenefitofsimulatingspaceenvironment?A.SupportingspaceresearchonEarth.B.Reducingthecostofspacemissions.C.Studyingtheofspaceonhumans.D.Improvingourunderstandingofblackholes.29.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?第11頁/共27頁A.Thechallengeofspaceexploration.B.TheriskofexperimentsattheSESRI.C.Thebenefitofspaceexploration.D.ThefunctionofthedeviceattheSESRI.30.WhydoestheauthorquoteJinChenggang’swords?A.shareapersonalstoryaboutthebuildingprocess.B.showthedifficultiesofbuildingthesimulationsystem.C.highlighttheimportanceofpreparationsfortheresearch.D.emphasizethechallengesofworkingwithotherresearchteams.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Spacesimulationmaybecostly.B.Spacesimulationraisessocialconcerns.C.Internationalcooperationiscrucialforspacesimulation.D.Spacesimulationhasgreatpotentialforfutureexploration.【答案】28.A29.D30.B31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了中國(guó)“地面空間站”SESRI的模擬太空環(huán)境功能及其意義?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“ScientistscannowconductspaceresearchonEarthasChina’s“groundspacestation”hasbeenputintotrialoperation,reportedXinhua.(據(jù)新華社報(bào)道，隨著中國(guó)“地面空間站”投入試運(yùn)行，科學(xué)家如今可以在地球上開展太空研究。)”可知，模擬太空環(huán)境的主要好處是支持地球上的太空研究。故選A。【29題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第四段“Atthefacility,thereisadevicethatsimulatesthespaceenvironmentfrom100kilometersawayfromEarthtothesun.Inthisarea,morethan99percentofvisiblematterisinaplasma(等離子體)stateinwhichgasisinahighlychargedandenergeticstateofmatter.Byre-creatingtheenvironment,thedevicecantesthowplasmaspacecraft.(在這個(gè)裝置中，有一個(gè)可以模擬從距離地球100公里處直至太陽之間99%帶電且充滿能量的物質(zhì)狀態(tài)。通過重現(xiàn)這一環(huán)境，該設(shè)備能夠測(cè)試等離子體對(duì)航天器的影響。)”可知，本段主要介紹了SESRI設(shè)備的功能。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“Theresearchersfacedmanychallengeswhenbuildingthesimulationsystem,第12頁/共27頁asconnectingvariouspartsofthedevicecanbeverycomplicated.heldmorethan700meetingsoveraconnectionproblemalone.”JinChenggangatthefacilitytoldHeilongjiangNews.(在建造這個(gè)模擬系統(tǒng)時(shí)，研究人員面臨著諸多挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)檫B接設(shè)備的各個(gè)部分可能非常復(fù)雜。該裝置的金成剛在接受《黑龍江新聞》采700)”可知，作者引用金成剛的話是為了展示建造模擬系統(tǒng)的困難。故選B。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“SESRIalsohassimulationsystemsforthemoonandMars,whichcanre-createthevacuum,extremetemperatures,andspaceradiationthatastronautswouldencounteronthesespacebodies.Thesystemswillhelpastronautspreparefortheirmissionstotheseplacesinthefuture,reportedGuangmingDaily.Inthefuture,theplatformwillalsoplayanimportantroleinareasincludingbrainscience,lifeandhealthresearch,andthedevelopmentofhigh-endinstruments.(空間環(huán)境地面模擬裝置還設(shè)有月球和火星的模擬系統(tǒng)，這些系統(tǒng)可以重現(xiàn)宇航員在這些天體上會(huì)遇到的真空環(huán)境、極端溫度以及太空輻射。據(jù)《光明日?qǐng)?bào)》報(bào)道，這些系統(tǒng)將幫助宇航員為未來前往這些地方執(zhí)行任務(wù)做好準(zhǔn)備。未來，這個(gè)平臺(tái)還將在腦科學(xué)、生命與健康研究以及高端儀器研發(fā)等領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮重要作用。)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示了太空模擬對(duì)未來探索有很大的潛力。故選D。DWhenpreparingforatest,moststudentsassumeit’sbesttosimplystudythematerialandtrytomemorizeasmuchofitaspossible.Manytestsseeminglyrewardrote(死記硬背)memorization.Butwhatifstudentstrainedbytestingthemselvesinstead?Usually,studyingisconsideredasaferbet;whyriskproducingwronganswerswhenyoucanjustmemorizetherightone?itturnsoutmakingerrorsearlyoncanbemorehelpfulforrememberinginformationovertime.CognitivepsychologistsHenry“Roddy”RoedigerandKarpickeconductedastudywheretheyhadhundredsofstudentsmemorizepassagesfromatest-preparationbookfortheofEnglishasaForeignLanguage(TOEFL).Onegroupmemorizedthesepassagesbyreadingthemrepeatedly,whileanothergroupreadthepassagesseveraltimesandthencompletedthreetests.Theresultsweresurprising:thestudentswhorepeatedlystudiedthematerialinitiallyperformedbetter,butwhentheyweretestedagainaweeklater,thestudentswhotestedthemselvesrecalledover60%ofwhattheyhadlearned,comparedtoonly40%forthegroupwhorepeatedlystudied.Thetestinghassincebeenconfirmedinmanystudiesunderarangeofconditions.Itsvalueremainsundoubted,butscientistsarestilldebatingwhyithassuchapowerfulonmemory.Thesimplestexplanation第13頁/共27頁isthattestingexposesourweaknesses.Whenwetestourmemories,weexposetheweaknessesofexistingneuronal(神經(jīng)元的)connectionsinawaythatultimatelystrengthenswhat’susefulandremoveswhat’snot,makingtheinformationweattempttomemorizemorelastingandeasiertorecall.maximizethebenefitsofthetestingit’simportanttoreturntothesameinformationinshortersessionsoverseveraldaysinsteadofcramming(塞入)everythingintoasinglenightofintensestudying.Thisallowsyourbraintoconsolidatetheinformationandcreatestrongermemories.Inconclusion,testingisnotjustatoolforassessingyourknowledgebutalsoapowerfullearningtool.Byembracingerrorsandactivelytestingyourself,youcanimproveyourlearningandmemory.So,insteadofavoidingmistakes,embracethemasopportunitiesforgrowthandmastery.32.WhatdoweknowaboutHenryandstudy?A.Self-testingworksonlywithotherstudymethods.B.Bothgroupsofstudentsperformedthesameatfirst.C.Rotememorizationdoesn’tworkwellinthelongrun.D.Thestudyfocusedonusingatest-preparationbookforTOFEL.33.Whathappenstothebrainwhenpeopletesttheirmemories?A.Additionalneuronalconnectionsinthebrainarecreated.B.Thebrainprocessesnewpiecesofinformationatahigherspeed.C.Theweakconnectionsbetweenneuronsinthebrainareremoved.D.butusefulneuronalconnectionsareexposedandstrengthened.34.Whichofthefollowingistheeffectivewaytostudyaccordingtoparagraph4?A.makingmistakesduringstudy.B.Crammingalltheinformationintoonenightofstudying.C.Reviewingthematerialinshortsessionsoverseveraldays.D.Focusingontheinformationthatismostlikelytobeonthetest.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CrammingforExams:ASaferBetforSuccessB.TheWhyPracticeMakesPerfectC.ThePowerofAnEffectiveApproachtoLearningD.TheScienceBehindLearning:HowOurBrainsProcessInformation【答案】32.C33.D34.C35.C第14頁/共27頁【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是通過自我測(cè)試而非單純死記硬背來提高學(xué)習(xí)效果的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，及其對(duì)長(zhǎng)期記憶的積極影響?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theresultsweresurprising:thestudentswhorepeatedlystudiedthematerialinitiallyperformedbetter,butwhentheyweretestedagainaweeklater,thestudentswhotestedthemselvesrecalledover60%ofwhattheyhadlearned,comparedtoonly40%forthegroupwhorepeatedlystudied.(結(jié)果令人驚訝：那些反復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)材料的學(xué)生最初表現(xiàn)得更好，但當(dāng)一周后再次測(cè)試時(shí)，自我測(cè)試的學(xué)生回憶起了他們所學(xué)內(nèi)容的60%以上，而反復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生僅能回憶起40%)”可知，研究表明，死記硬背在短期內(nèi)效果較好，但在長(zhǎng)期記憶中不如自我測(cè)試有效。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whenwetestourmemories,weexposetheweaknessesofexistingneuronal(神經(jīng)元的)connectionsinawaythatultimatelystrengthenswhat’susefulandremoveswhat’snot,makingtheinformationweattempttomemorizemorelastingandeasiertorecall.(當(dāng)我們測(cè)試自己的記憶時(shí)，我們揭示了現(xiàn)有神經(jīng)元連接的弱點(diǎn)，這種方式最終會(huì)強(qiáng)化有用的部分并去除無用的部分，從而使我們?cè)噲D記住的信息更加持久且更容易回憶。)”可知，測(cè)試記憶時(shí)，大腦會(huì)暴露并強(qiáng)化有用的神經(jīng)元連接，同時(shí)去除無用的連接，由此可知，弱但有用的神經(jīng)元連接被暴露并得到加強(qiáng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】maximizethebenefitsofthetestingit’simportanttoreturntothesameinformationinshortersessionsoverseveraldaysinsteadofcramming(塞入)everythingintoasinglenightofintensestudying.(為了最大化測(cè)試效應(yīng)的好處，重要的是在幾天內(nèi)分多次短時(shí)段復(fù)習(xí)相同的信息，而不是在一個(gè)晚上進(jìn)行高強(qiáng)度的突擊學(xué)習(xí)。)”可知，有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法是分幾天進(jìn)行短時(shí)間復(fù)習(xí)，而不是一晚上突擊學(xué)習(xí)，由此可知，在幾天內(nèi)分多次短時(shí)段復(fù)習(xí)材料是有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】itturnsoutmakingerrorsearlyoncanbemorehelpfulforrememberinginformationovertime.(然而，結(jié)果表明，早期犯錯(cuò)對(duì)于隨著時(shí)間的推移記住信息更有幫助。)”和第三段中的“Thetestinghassincebeenconfirmedinmanystudiesunderarangeofconditions.(測(cè)試效應(yīng)已經(jīng)在多種條件下通過許多研究得到了證實(shí)。)”可知，本文的核心在于探討測(cè)試作為一種有效的學(xué)習(xí)工具的力量，而且測(cè)試對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)和記憶的強(qiáng)大效果，所以題目“測(cè)試的力量：一種有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法”概括了全文的主題，是最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。第15頁/共27頁第二節(jié)共5小題：每小題分，滿分分)haveallbeengiventhegiftthatislife.____36____canchoosetowasteit,orwecanchoosetohavethebestlifepossible.____37____Somepeopleareafraidofchange,preferringtocontinuealongintherut(車轍)thattheyhavedugforthemselves.Theyareleadingawastedlifebecausetheyarenotmakinguseoftheirfullpotential.Theyarenotachievingbecausetheyareafraidofwhatwillhappeniftheytry.Thekeytoachievingasuccessfullifeistochangeyourviewofyourselfandtheworldaroundyou.Everyaspectofyourlifecanbechangedthroughpositivethinking.Thinkpositivelyaboutyourself,andyouwillbecomemoreconfidentandmoredecisive.Whenfacedwithaproblem,thinktoyourself,“Icandothis.”____38____Don’tgiveupandbenegative.Keeptryinguntilthejobisdone.Neveracceptdefeat.Don’tallowotherstopersuadeyouthatsomethingcannotbedone.Thereisalwaysaway,andthepositivethinkerwillkeeplookingforthatalternativeway.____39____Maintaininganopenmindallowsthepositivethinkertotakeeveryopportunitythattheymeet,anduseittotheiradvantage.Hardworkandcommitmentscaresomepeople.Theyfearthatinsomeway,theyarenotgoodenoughorskilledenoughtosucceed.____40____Theyknowthattheyaregoodenoughandknowhowtogettheskillstheyneed.Apositivethinkerisalearner,asknowledgeisalwaysuseful.A.Whatwedowithitisuptous.B.Thepositivethinkerwillovercomethesedoubts.C.Thenfindthebestwaytoachievetheresultyouwant.D.Anyonewithanegativeattitudetowardslifecanchange.E.Positivethinkingistheoilthatkeepsthewheelsofyourambitionturning.F.Apositivethinkerwillalwaysbereadytoadapthisideastosuitthesituation.G.Mostpeoplewanttolookbackatalonglifefilledwithsuccessandhappiness.【答案】36.A37.D38.C39.F40.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了積極思維對(duì)于改變自我認(rèn)知、面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)和取得成功的重要性?！?6題詳解】由上文“haveallbeengiventhegiftthatislife.(我們都被賦予了生命這份禮物。)”和下文“canchoose第16頁/共27頁towasteit,orwecanchoosetohavethebestlifepossible.(我們可以選擇浪費(fèi)它，也可以選擇過上最好的生活。)”可知，上文提到生命是一份禮物，下文描述了利用生命的方式，本空應(yīng)承上啟下，說明我們?nèi)绾问褂眠@份禮物由我們自己決定。A選項(xiàng)“Whatwedowithitisuptous.(我們?nèi)绾问褂盟Q于我們自己。)”能承上啟下，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)中it指代thegiftthatislife，故選A?！?7題詳解】由下文“Somepeopleareafraidofchange,preferringtocontinuealongintherut(車轍)thattheyhavedugforthemselves.Theyareleadingawastedlifebecausetheyarenotmakinguseoftheirfullpotential.Theyarenotachievingbecausetheyareafraidofwhatwillhappeniftheytry.(老路。他們過著浪費(fèi)的生活，因?yàn)樗麄儧]有充分發(fā)揮自己的潛力。他們沒有成功，因?yàn)樗麄兒ε氯绻麄儑L試會(huì)發(fā)生什