人體結(jié)構(gòu)與功能 人體結(jié)構(gòu)與功能學(xué)（2）教案學(xué)習(xí)資料

Systemofthebody(partII:thenervoussystem)teachingplansChapter1Organizationofthenervoussystem【Aimsandrequirements】1．Toknowwellthemicrostructureofcerebralcortex,cerebellarcortexandspinalcord.Toknowwellaboutthemicrostructureandfunctionofblood-brainbarrier.2．Toknowthebasiccompositionofcentralnervoussystemandperipheralnervoussystem.3．Toknowtherelationshipbetweennervoustissueandnervoussystem.toknowthemicrostructureofmeninges.【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】Summary：toexplainthecompositionofnervoussystem.10min1.CNS

Toemphasizeonthemicrostructureofcerebralcortex,cerebellarcortexandspinalcord.40min2.PNS

Tointroducethemicrostructureofcerebrospinalgangliaandautonomicganglia.20min3.tointroducethemicrostructureofmeninges.10min4.toexplainthemicrostructureandfunctionofblood-brainbarrier.10min5.tointroducethemicrostructureofchoroidplexusandcompositionofcerebrospinalfluid.10min【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】Emphasismicrostructureandfunctionofcerebralcortex,cerebellarcortexandspinalcord;microstructureandfunctionofblood-brainbarrier.Difficultpointthenerveimpluseconductingpathwaybetweencerebralcortex,cerebellarcortexandspinalcord.【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimediaandpowerpoint【Homework】1．Howmanylayerscancerebellarcortexbedivided?Howaboutthemajorneuronalcompositionofeachcerebellarlayer.2．Howmanylayerscancerebralcortexbedivided?Howaboutthemajorneuronalcompositionofeachcerebellarlayer.3．Trytodescribethecompositionandfunctionofblood-brainbarrier.Chapter2DevelopmentofNervousSystem【Aimsandrequirements】1．Toknowwellaboutthedevelopmentandearlydifferentiationofneuraltubeandneuralcrest;toknowwellaboutthecommonmalformationsofnervoussystem2．Toknowwellaboutthehistogenesisofcerebrum,cerebellumandspinalcord.3．Toknowthehistogenesisofgangliaandperipheralnerve.【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】haveareviewaboutthecompositionaboutnervoussystem.10mintoexplainindetailaboutthedevelopmentandearlydifferentiaionofneuraltubeandneuralcrest.30min3.CNS:Tofocusontheexplanationaboutthehistogenesisofcerebralcortex,cerebellarcortexandspinalcord.

30min4.PNS:Toexplainaboutthehistogenesisofcerebrospinalgangliaandautonomicganglia.

15min5.toexplainindetailaaboutthecommonmaformationsinnervoussystem.15min【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】1.emphasis:histogenesisandearlydifferentiationofneuraltubeandneuralcrest.2.difficultpoint:originofanencephaly,myeloschisisandhydrocephaly.【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimediaandpowerpoint【Homework】1.trytodescribethedevelopmentanddifferentiationofneuraltube.2．trytodescribethedevelopmentanddifferentiationofneuralcrest.Chapter3Developmentofeyeandear【Aimsandrequirements】1.toknowthedevelopmentofeyeball;toknowtheoriginofcommonmalformationsofeyeball.2.toknowthedevelopmentofinner,middleandexternalearandcommonmalformationsofear.【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】1.thedevelopmentofeyeball:formationofopticvesicle,opticcup,lensvesicle;developmentofretina,lens,tunicaevasuclosaeandsclera.35min2.congenitalmalformationsofeye。15min3.developmentofinnerear：formationofoticplacode,developmentofoticvesicle.25min4.developmentofmiddleear：formationofprimarytympaniccavityandtympaniccavity，developmentof3earbones.10min5.developmentofexternalear：developmentofexternalacousticmeatusandauricle.5min6.congenitalmalformationsofear.10min【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】emphasis:toknowthedevelopmentofretina,corneaandlens.2.difficutpoint:toknowthedevelopmentofinnerearandmiddleear.【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimediaandpowerpoint【Homework】1．Trytodescribetheformationanddevelopmentofopticalcup.2．Trytodescribethedevelopmentofmembranouslabyrinthandosseouslabyrinth.Chapter4ElementsofCellularandMolecularNeuroscience【Aimsandrequirements】Tomastertheclassificationandcharacteristicsofchannels.Tobefamiliarwiththemethodforbioelectricalphenomenaresearch,includingtherecordingmembranepotential，theresearchingofionbasisofmembranepotential，theelectrochemicalequilibriumandNernstequation.Tomasterthedefinitionofrestingmembranepotential,polarization,depolarization,reverpolarization,repolarization,hyperpolarization.Tomasterthedefinitionofactionpotential.Tomasterthemechanismgeneratingactionpotentialofnerve.Tobefamiliarwiththewaveformofnervousactionpotentialrecordedbyaintracellularelectrodeinanervousfiber,includingtheevidencestoshowdepolarizationofnervousactionpotentialisduetoNa+inflowandrepolarizationisduetoK+outflow.Tomasterthemechanismofpropagationofactionpotential.Tomasterthecharacteristicsofactionpotential.Tomasterthedefinitionandcharacteristicsoflocalpotential.Tounderstandthepropagationofactionpotentialsalongamyelinatednervefiber.Tounderstandthechangeofcellexcitabilityduringoneactionpotential.【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】1.Thestructure,functionandpropertiesofdifferentionchannels30min2.Thepropertyandmechanismofrestingpotential70min3.Thepropertyandprocessofactionpotential30min4.Thecellularandmolecularmechanismunderlyingtheinitiationofactionpotential.Thevoltageclamprecordingandpatchclamprecording.70min.5.Thelocalresponse(excitation)onthemembrane.40min6.Thepropagationofactionpotentialonthecellmembrane.50minSummarization:10min.【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】Emphasis.Thepropertyandunderlyingmechanismoftherestingandactionpotential.Theconductionofactionpotential.Difficultpoint.Themechanismunderlyingtheinitiationofactionpotential.【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimedia,powerpoint,coursewebsite,video.【Homework】1.Describethepropertyandphysiologicalimportanceofrestingpotential.2.Howtheactionpotentialisinitiatedonthecellmembrane?3.Pleasedescribethepropertiesoftheconductionofactionpotentialonthemyelinatednervefiberandtheunderlyingmechanism.Chapter5Synapseandsynaptictransmission【Aimsandrequirements】Masterycontent:Definitionofsynapse.Thecharactersofelectricalsynapseandchemicalsynapse.Thechemicalchangesoccursatpresynapseandpostsynapse,eg.thesynthesisandstorageofneurotransmitter,releaseofneurotransmitter,postsynapticreceptors.EPSPandIPSP.Familiarizingcontent:SynapticinhibitionandfacilitationUnderstandingcontent:Synapticplasticity.【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】Section1Classificationofsynapseandsynapticstructures(35min)1.Definitionofsynapse(5min)2.Thecharactersofelectricsynapse,andelectricsynapticfunctions(10min)3.Thestructuresandcharactersofchemicalsynapse(15min)4.Classificationofsynapse.Section2Synaptictransmission(30min)1.Thesynthesisandstorageofneurotransmitters(10min).2.Releaseofneurotransmitters(5min)3.Postsynapticreceptors-ionchannelreceptorsandG-proteincoupledreceptors(15min).Section3Synapticintegration(35min)1.Excitatorysynapticpotential(ESPS)andinhibitorysynapticpotential(ISPS)(10min)2.Synapticinhibitionandsynapticfacilitation(15min)3.Synapticintegrationandsynapticplasticity(10min)【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】Emphasis:Thestructuresandcharactersofchemicalsynapse;chemicalsynaptictransmission;synapticintegration.【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimediaandpowerpoint【Homework】1.Definefollowingword1).ESPSandISPS2).Synapticplasticity2.Describethedifferencesbetweenchemicalsynapseandelectricsynapse.3.Describetheprocessofneurotransmission.Chapter6Neurotransmitter【Aimsandrequirements】Masterycontent:Thecriteriaofbeinganeurotransmitter;theclassificationofneurotransmitters;thedifferencesbetweenclassicalneurotransmittersandotherneurotransmitters;thechemicalchangesofneurotransmitters-fromsynthesis,storage,release,inactivation,bindingofpostsynapticreceptorsandthefollowingbiologicalfunctions,particularforACh,NE,DA,5-HT,glutamateandγ-GABA.Familiarizingcontent:Peptideneurotransmitters;agonistandantagonistofneurotransmitters【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】Section1DefinitionandClassificationofneurotransmitters(10min)Definitionofneurotransmitters(5min)Classificationofneurotransmitters(5min).Section2Neurotransmitterschemistry(20min)1.Thesynthesisandstorageofneurotransmitters(5min).2.Releaseofneurotransmitters(5min)3.InactivationofNeurotransmitters(5min)4.Neurotransmittersreceptors-ionchannelreceptorsandG-proteincoupledreceptors(5min).Section3Specificneurotransmitters(70min)1.ACh,thesynthesis,storage,inactivationshouldbemastered,particularthekeyenzymeorstepforitssynthesisandinactivation.ItsMandNreceptorsandbiologicalfunctionshouldbeknown.(15min)2.Catecholaminesneurotransmitters,Thesynthesis,storageandinactivationofthessneurotransmitters-NE,EandDA.Thekeyenzymesfortheirsynthesis,themajorformofinactivationoftheseneurotransmittersshouldbemastered(15min).3.5-HT.theinactivationof5-HTanditsrelevancewithdepression,anxietyetal(10min).4.aminoacidneurotransmitters,1)glutamate,excitatoryneurotransmitter,thesynthesisanditsreceptors,particularcharactersofNMDAandAMPAreceptors;2)γ-GABA,inhibitoryneurotransmitter,performitsinhibitoryeffectsviaCl-influx,itsreceptorGABAA.(15min)5.otherneurotransmitters.1)NO,synthesisandbiologicalfunctions;(5min)2)peptideneurotransmitters,thedifferencesbetweenpeptideneurotransmittersandclassicalneurotransmittersshouldbemastered(5min).【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】Emphasis:Thekeyenzymeorstepforsynthesis,inactivationofneurotransmitters;thereceptorsoftheseneurotransmitters;biologicalfunctions.【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimediaandpowerpoint【Homework】1.Describethedifferencesbetweenclassicalneurotransmittersandnon-classicalneurotransmitters.2.Comparethesynthesis,storageandinactivationofACh,DAand5-HT.3.Thecharactersofglutamatereceptors?Chapter7Introductiontopharmacologyofefferentnervoussystem【Aimsandrequirements】1.Toknowwellclassificationofefferentnervoussystem(ENS)accordingtotheneurotransmitters,thephysiologicalactionsofENS,aswellasreceptorstructureandmolecularmechanism.2.Tomasterthebiosynthesis,storage,releaseandterminationofneurotransmitters,aswellasthereceptorsubtypesandtheireffect.3.TomasterthebasicmechanismsofactionsofENSdrugsandtheirclassification.【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】Section1TheclassificationofENS(5min)1.TheanatomicclassificationofENS(1min)2.TheclassificationofENSaccordingtotheneurotransmitters(4min)Section2NeurotransmittersandreceptorsofENS(10min)1.NeurotransmittersofENS:thedevelopmentofneurotransmittertheory,aswellasthebiosynthesis,storage,releaseandterminationofNEandAch.(5min)2.ReceptorsofENS:acetylcholinereceptors(M-R,N-Randsubtypes),adrenoceptors(-R,-Randsubtypes),andmessageconduction(5min)Section3ThephysiologicalactionsofENS(5min)1.Doubledominationandpredominanttheory(5min)Section4AgentsactingonENS(8min)1.AgentsactingonENSreceptors(5min)2.AgentsinfluencingonENStransmitters(3min)Summary:2min【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】Emphasis:1.NeurotransmittersandreceptorsofENS2.ActionsofENSdrugsandtheirclassification.Difficultpoint:subtypesofENSreceptors【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimediaandwritingontheblackboard【Homework】1.HowtoclassifytheENSaccordingtotheneurotransmitters?2.PleasedescribethesubtypesofENSreceptorsandtheirphysiologicaleffects.3.TheclassificationofENSagents.Chapter8Parasympathomimetics【Aimsandrequirements】1.ToknowwelltheMactionsandNactionsofAch.2.Tomastertheeffectsandusesofpilocarpineoneye.3.Tomasterthepharmacologicaleffects,clinicalusesandadversereactionsofneostigmine.4.Toknowwellthemechanism,pathway,manifestation,preventionandtreatmentoforganophosphatesintoxication.【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】Section1M-Ragonists(251.TheMactionsandNactionsofAch.(10min)2.Thepharmacologicaleffectsandusesofpilocarpine(15min)Section2N-Ragonists(5min)1.ThetoxicologicaleffectsofNicotine(5min)Section3AnticholinesteraseAgents(35min)1.Cholinesterase(2min)2.CommonpropertiesofanticholinesteraseAgents(8min)3.Commonusedagents:neostigmine,pyridostigmine,physostigmine,etc.(15min)4.Organophosphates(10min)Summary:5min【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】Emphasis:1.Theeffectsandusesofpilocarpineoneye.2.Pharmacologicaleffects,usesandadversereactionsofneostigmine.3.Themechanism,pathway,manifestation,preventionandtreatmentoforganophosphatesintoxication.Difficultpoint:ThemechanismsofNeostimineintreatingmyastheniagravis.【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimediaandwritingontheblackboard【Homework】1.HowdoesPilocarpineregulatetheeyes?2.PleasedescribethepharmacologicaleffectsandclinicaluseofNeostigmine.3.Howtopreventandtreatorganophosphatesintoxication?Chapter9Cholinoceptorblockingdrugs【Aimsandrequirements】1.Tomasterthepharmacologicaleffects,clinicalusesandadversereactionsofatropine.Tomasterthepharmacologicalpropertyofscopolamine.2.Toknowwellthecharacteristicsandusesofsyntheticatropinesubstitutes.3.Toknowwellthecharacteristicsandusesofganglionicblockingdrugs.4.Tomasterthecharacteristics,mechanism,usesandadversereactionsofbothneuromuscularblockingdrugs.【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】Section1M-Rblockers(651.Thepharmacologicaleffects,clinicaluses,adversereactionsandcontraindicationsofatropine.(40min)2.Thepharmacologicalpropertiesandusesofscopolamine,anisodamine(15min)3.Syntheticatropinesubstitutes:syntheticmydriatics,syntheticantispasmatics,SelectiveM1Antagonists.(10min)Section2N-Rblockers(30min)1.Theusesofganglionicblockingdrugs(5min)2.Thepharmacologicalpropertiesandadversereactionsofneuromuscularblockingdrugs:includingdepolarizingskeletalmusclerelaxantsuchassuccinylcholine,aswellasnondepolarizingskeletalmusclerelaxantssuchasD-tubocurarine.(25min)Summary:5min【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】Emphasis:1.Thepharmacologicaleffectsandusesofatropine.2.ThePharmacologicalpropertiesandusesofscopolamine.Difficultpoint:Thepharmacologicalpropertiesandmechanismsofneuromuscularblockingdrugs.【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimediaandwritingontheblackboard【Homework】1.HowdoesAtropineregulatetheeyes?2.PleasedescribetheclinicaluseofAtropine.3.Whatarethepharmacologicalpropertiesandclinicalusesofscopolamine?4.Pleasecomparecharacteristicsoftwokindsofneuromuscularblockingdrugs.Chapter10Painandanalgesia【Aimsandrequirements】Masterycontent:Tomasterthedefinitionofpain,nociceptors,referredpainandgatecontroltheory.Tomasterthepathwaysbywhichnociceptiveinformationistransmittedfromtheperipherytothecortex.Tomasterthemainmechanismswherebynociceptivetransmissioncanbemodulatedatthespinalandsupraspinallevels.Tomasterthecharacteristics,mechanism,usesandadversereactionsofopioidanalgesicdrugs.Tomastermechanism,usesandadversereactionsofNASIDS.Familiarizingcontent:Painmechanismaftertissuedamage:sensitizationTthecharacteristicsofopioidantagonist-naloxoneThemodeofadministrationofopioidsTheapproachestopainmanagement.Understandingcontent:Neuropathicpain,measuringpain,【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】Section1Introductionofpain(15min)1.Definitionofpain(10min)2.Thesignificanceofpaininlife(5min)Section2Thetransmissionofpain(35min)1.Nociceptors(10min)2.Cutaneouspainpathways(15min)3.referredpain,mechanismandapplicationofreferredpain(10min)Section3Physiologyofpainmodulation(50min)1.Themodulationofpaininthespinalcord:gatecontroltheory.Theapplicationsofthistheoryinlife.(20min)2.Theinvolvementofbrainareasindescendinganalgesia.Themechanismsandtheapplicationsofdescendinganalgesia.(30min)Section4Opioidanalgesicdrugs(55min)1.Classificationofanalgesics.(5min)2.Theeffects,usesandadversereactionsofopioidanalgesicdrugs.(30min)3.Commonusedopioidanalgesics:suchasmorphine,codeine,pethidine,methadone,fentanyl,tramadol.(10min)4.Themodeofadministrationofopioids.(10min)Section5NSAIDSandotherapproachestopainmanagement(40min)1.ThemechanismofNSAIDS.CommonusedNSAIDS:aspirin,paracetamol,ibuprofen.(35min)2.Theapproachestoneuropathicpain,migraine,trigeminalneuralgia.(5min)Summary:5min【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】EmphasisPainisacomplexexperience.Nociceptors.Referredpain.Gatecontroltheory.Descendinganalgesia.Thepharmacologicaleffects,mechanism,usesandadversereactionsofopioidanalgesicdrugs.ThecharacteristicsandmechanismofNSAIDS.DifficultpointThemodulationofpainindifferentlever.Subtypesofopioidreceptors,opioidpeptides,andreceptorselectivityofopioidanalgesicdrugs.【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimediaandpowerpoint【Homework】1.Pain2.Nociceptor3.Referredpain4.Gatecontroltheory5.Pleasedefinethemainprinciplesofpainmanagement.6.Pleasedescribethemaincategoriesofanalgesicdrugs.7.PleasedescribethemechanismandadversereactionsofopioidanalgesicdrugsandNSAIDS.Chapter11MotorsystemsII:thebasalgangliaandParkinsondisease【Aimsandrequirements】Masterycontent:Tomasterthepharmacologicaleffects,mechanismofaction,clinicalusesandadversereactionofcommonanti-Parkinsondrugs.Familiarizingcontent:Theorganizationofthebasalgangliaandtheirconnectionswithothercentralnervoussystemregions.Understandingcontent:Themainsymptomsanddiseasesassociatedwithdysfunctionofthebasalganglia,andtheirpathophsiology.【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】Section1Thebasalganglia(15min)1.Thebasalganglia:structureandorganization（15min）Section2Anti-Parkinsondrugs(85min)1.SymptomsofParkinsondisease(10minutes)2.PathophysiologyofParkinson’sdisease(10min)3.CausesofofParkinson’sdisease(10min)4.TreatmentofParkinson’sdisease(50min)Summarization:5min【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】Emphasis:thepharmacologicaleffects,mechanismofaction,clinicalusesandadversereactionofcommonanti-Parkinsondrugs.Difficultpoint:thepathophysiologyofParkinson’sdisease【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimediaandpowerpoint【Homework】1.DescribethemainclassofdrugsinthetreatmentofParkinson’sdisease2.WhatisthemechanismforthecombinationuseofL-dopaandcarbidopa?Chapter12Learningandmemory【Aimsandrequirements】Masterycontent:Tomasterthedefinitionoflearning,memory,declarativelearning,procedurallearning,anterogradeamnesia,retrogradeamnesia,long-termpotentiation,long-termdepression.TomasterthemolecularmechanismofLTP.Familiarizingcontent:Theinvolvementofthebrainareasinlearningandmemory.Thedefinitionandmechanismoflong-termdepressionUnderstandingcontent:Theregularmethodsabouthowtostudylearningandmemory.【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】Section1Introductionoflearningandmemory(45min)1.Definitionandthesignificanceoflearningandmemory(10min)2.Theclassificationoflearningandmemory(20min)3.Howtofindthebrainareaswhichinvolvedinlearningandmemory(15min)Section2Synapticplasticityinmemoryrelatedbrainareas(55min)1.Thestructureofhippocampus:CA1,CA3,dentategyrus.(5min)2.ThedefinitionandcharacteristicofLTP.(5min)3.ThemolecularmechanismofLTP.(15min)4.TherelationshipofLTPandmemory.(10min)5.Thestructureofcerebellum:Purkinjecell,parallelfibres,climbingfibres(5min)6.ThedefinitionandcharacteristicofLTD.(5min)7.ThemolecularmechanismofLTD.(10min)【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】EmphasisDefinitionandclassificationoflearningandmemory.DefinitionandmechanismsofLTPandLTD.DifficultpointThemechanismofLTP.【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimediaandpowerpoint【Homework】Definefollowingword1.Learning2.Memory3.Declarativelearning4.Procedurallearning5.Anterogradeamnesia6.Retrogradeamnesia7.LTP8.LTDChapter13Anti-Alzhemier’sdisea【Aimsandrequirements】Masterycontent:Themainclassesofdrugsandtheirpharmacologicalactions,clinicalusesandadversereactionofAnti-Alzhemier’sdiseasedrugsUnderstandingcontent:ThegeneticsandpathophysiologyandAlzhemier’sdisease【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】Section1Alzhemier’sdisease(50min)1.Alzhemier’sdisease:introductionandGeneticsofAlzhemier’sdisease(20min)2.NeuropathologyofAlzhemier’sdisease(30min)Section2Anti-Alzhemier’sdrugs(85min)1.Cholinesteraseinhibitors(20min)2.M-Receptoragonists(10min)3.Glutamatergicagents:(5min)4.Antioxidants(5min)5.Non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs(5min)6.Others(5min)Summarization:5min【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】Emphasis:theclassificationofanti-ADdrugsandcommoncharacteristicsofanti-ADdrugs.Difficultpoint:thepathophsiologyofAD【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimediaandpowerpoint【Homework】DescribethemaintypeofdrugsinthetreatmentofADDescribethemaincharacteristicsofcommonanti-ADdrugs.Chapter14Sedative-hypnoticsandanti-epileptic,anti-seizuredrugs【Aimsandrequirements】Masterycontent:thepharmacologicalaction,mechanismandclinicalusesofBenzodiazepinesthepharmacologicalaction,mechanismandclinicaluses,adversereactionsofPhenytoinsodium,carbamazepine,Phenobarbitalandethosuximide.Understandingcontent:1.Toknowwellthepharmacologicalaction,clinicalusesandtherescueofintoxificationofBartibuturates.2.Toknowthecharacteristicsofothersedative-hypnoticdrugs.3.theanti-convulsanteffectandclinicalusesofMgSO4【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】SectionISedative-hypnoticdrugs(50min)1.Thefunctionofsleepandthesleepstages(20min)2.Theclassificationofsedative-hypnoticdrugsandtheircharacteristics(30min)(1)Benzodiazepines:pharmacologicalaction,mechanism,clinicaluses,mainadversereactions(2)Barbiturates:structure-activityrelationship,classification,mechanismofaction,clinicaluses,adversereactionsandrescueofacuteintoxification.(3)Otherdrugs:chloralhydrate,meprobamateandmelatoninSectionIIAnti-epilepticdrugsandAnticonvulsantdrugs(50min)1.Themaintypesofepilepsy,epidermiology,neurobiologyandmechanismofanti-epilepticdrugs(10min)2.Mainanti-epilepticdrugs:(1)Phenytoinsodium:mechanism,pharmacokinetics,clinicaluses,cautionsandadversereactions(15min)(2)Themaincharacteristicsofcarbamazepine,ethosuximide,sodiumvalproate,benzodiazepineandotheranti-epilepticdrugs.(15min)(3)Themainadversereactionofanti-epilepticdrugsandcautions(5min)3.Anti-convulsantdrugs:Magnesiumsulfate(5min)【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】Emphasis:1.thepharmacologicalaction,mechanismandclinicalusesofBenzodiazepines2.Classificationofcommonanti-epilepticdrugs,mechanismofaction.Difficultpoint:thecausesofepilepsy【Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching】Multimediaandpowerpoint【Homework】1.Describethepharmacologicalaction,mechanismandclinicalusesofBenzodiazepines2.Describethepharmacologicalaction,mechanismandclinicaluses,adversereactionsofPhenytoinsodiumChapter15InfectionsandTumorsofCentralNervousSystem【Aimsandrequirements】Masterycontent:Pathologicalchangesandclinicalfeaturesofepidemicbacterialmeningitis,epidemicencephalitisBandpoliomyelitisDefinitionofsatellitosisandneuronophagiaFamiliarizingcontent:Mainpathologicfindingsofastrocytoma,meningiomaandneuilemmomaUnderstandingcontent:Commoncomplicationsofcentralnervoussystemdieses【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime】PartIIntroductionNormalcomponentsofcentralnervoussystem：neuron,astrocyte,oligodendrocyte,microglia.5minPattensofinfuryinthenervoussystemMarkersofneuronalinjury5minAstrocytesininjuryandrepair5minPeripheralnervoussystemininjuryandrepair5minPartIIInfectionsofthenervoussystemEpidemicbacterialmeningitis20minEpidemicencephalitisB20minPoliomyelitis20minPartIIICommoncomplicationsofthecentralnervoussystemIncreasedintracranialpressureandherniation5minCerebraledemaandhydrocephalus5minmeningealirritation5minSummary5minPartIVClassificationofnervoussystemtumorsLocationsofcentralnervoussystemtumors5minGgradingofcentralnervoussystemtumors10minCommontumorsofcentralnervoussystemtumors10minCommontumorsofperipheralnervoussystemtumors5minPartVPathologyofcommonnervoussystemtumorsGliomas25minMeningiomas10minMedulloblastom10minneuilemmoma10minNeurofibroma10minSummary5min【Emphasisanddifficultpoint】EmphasisDefinitionofWalleriandegenation,satellitosisandneuronophagiPathologicalchangeandclinicalfeaturesofepidemicbacterialmeningitis,epidemicencephalitisBandpoliomyelitisPathologicalchangesofnervoussystemtu