2025屆上海市嘉定區(qū)高三下學期二模英語試題 含解析

2024學年高三年級第二次質(zhì)量調(diào)研英語試卷Ⅰ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.RacetotheFrozenNorthOnApril6,1909,sixdeterminedmenstoodatthetopoftheworld,claimingvictoryoveroneofEarth’slastgreatfrontiers—theNorthPole.Theirleader,RobertE.Peary,capturedthehistoricmomentinphotographsashisteamproudlyhelduptheirflags.AmongthemwasMatthewHenson,anexperiencedexplorer___1___skillshadbeenvitaltotheirsuccess.Heheldauniqueflag,___2___(sew)togetherfromdifferentpiecesoffabric,whilefourexpertInuithuntersstoodbyhisside.Theyguidedtheteamthroughtheendlessfrozenwilderness.Reachingthisice-coveredworldwasnoteasy.Manyhadtriedbeforethem,only___3___(force)backbyterribleconditions.Peary’ssuccesswasnotjustluck—itwascarefulstrategy,perseverance,andthestrengthofhisteam.Hereliedheavily___4___Henson,whohadjourneyedwithhimthroughtheArcticbefore.Hensonwasn’tjustanexplorer;hewasasurvivalist,trainedbytheInuit(因紐特人)intheartofhandlingtheice.Butnoamountofskill___5___makeovercomingtheArcticanyeasier.Thewindscreamedlikeawildbeast,andthetemperaturedroppedtoafreezingminus60degreesFahrenheit.Hensonlaterwroteinhisjournal,“Freezingofthewholefrontpartofthefaceisanordinaryoccurrence.”Iceformedontheirskin,___6___(bite)deeperwitheveryburstofwind.Frostbite(凍瘡)wasaconstantthreat.Pearyhimselfhadlosttoesonearlieradventures.Despite___7___theyendured,theykeptpushingforward.Theirfoodwassimplebutpackedwithenergy:pemmican,adensemixtureofdriedmeat,animalfat,andberries.___8___itdidlittletosatisfytruehunger,itdidkeepthemalive.Theirdayswerelongandexhausting.Yettheyrefusedtostop.Then,atlast,theyarrived.Thevast,icyemptiness___9___(stretch)ineverydirection.Henson,movingquicklyahead,wasthefirsttomarktheirachievement.WhenPearyarrived,theyplantedtheirflags,securingtheirplaceinhistory.Theimpossible____10____(conquer).【答案】1.whose2.sewn3.tobeforced4.on5.could6.biting7.what8.Although##Though9.stretched10hadbeenconquered【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了1909年4月6日，RobertE.Peary帶領的團隊到達北極的艱難歷程，著重介紹了團隊成員MatthewHenson以及他們在途中所面臨的惡劣環(huán)境和克服的種種困難。【1題詳解】考查關系代詞。句意：在他們當中有MatthewHenson，一位經(jīng)驗豐富的探險家，他的技能對他們的成功至關重要?！?skillshadbeenvitaltotheirsuccess”是一個定語從句，修飾先行詞“MatthewHenson”，關系詞在從句中作定語，修飾“skills”，表示“他的技能”，所以用關系代詞“whose”。故填whose。【2題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他舉著一面獨特的旗幟，這面旗幟是由不同的織物縫制在一起的，而四位因紐特獵人則站在他身邊?！?(sew)togetherfromdifferentpiecesoffabric”是后置定語，修飾“flag”，“flag”與“sew”之間是被動關系，即“旗幟被縫制”，所以用過去分詞“sewn”。故填sewn?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在他們之前有許多人嘗試過，結果卻被惡劣的條件逼了回來。only3(force)backbyterribleconditions”是結果狀語，“Many”與“force”之間是被動關系，且表示出乎意料的結果，用“onlytobedone”結構，所以填“tobeforced”。故填tobeforced。【4題詳解】考查介詞。句意：他非常依賴Henson，Henson之前曾和他一起在北極地區(qū)旅行過?！皉elyon”是固定搭配，意為“依賴，依靠”，所以填“on”。故填on【5題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：但再多的技能也無法使征服北極變得更容易。根據(jù)語境，這里表示“能夠”的意思，且是過去的情況，用“could”表示過去的能力或可能性。故填could?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：冰在他們的皮膚上形成，每一陣風都讓凍傷更加嚴重?！?(bite)deeperwitheveryburstofwind”在句中作伴隨狀語，“Ice”與“bite”之間是主動關系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞“biting”。故填biting?！?題詳解】考查連接詞。句意：盡管他們?nèi)淌芰撕芏?，但他們還是繼續(xù)前進?！癉espite7theyendured”中，“7theyendured”是一個賓語從句，作“Despite”的賓語，從句中缺少賓語，用“what”引導，表示“所……的事物”。故填what?！?題詳解】考查連詞。句意：盡管它幾乎不能滿足真正的饑餓，但它確實讓他們活了下來。根據(jù)前后句的邏輯關系，這里表示讓步，“盡管”食物不能滿足饑餓，但能維持生命，所以用“Although”或“Though”引導讓步狀語從句。首字母大寫。故填Although/Though?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：廣闊的冰原向四面八方延伸。文章講述的是過去的事情，這里描述到達北極時看到的景象，用一般過去時，“stretch”的過去式是“stretched”。故填stretched?！?0題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：不可能的事情已經(jīng)被征服了。Theimpossible”與“conquer”之間是被動關系，“征服”發(fā)生在“抵達”之前，需用過去完成時，且主語theimpossible與conquer之間是被動關。故填hadbeenconquered。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.capabilitiesB.dismissC.examineD.ignoranceE.matchF.misrepresentationG.passionateH.pointI.plugJ.relievingK.worryingTheHackersWhoProtectYourSecurityHaveyoueverlockedyourselfoutofyourhouseandhadtotrytobreakin?Firstyougetasenseofaccomplishmentinsucceeding.Butthencomesthe____11____realizationthatifyoucanbreakintoyourownplaceasanamateur,aprofessionalcoulddoitfivetimesfaster.Soyoulookfortheweak____12____inyoursecurityandfixit.Well,that’smoreorlesshowtheDefConhackers(黑客)conferenceworks.Everyyear,hackersmeetinLasVegastotesttheirknowledgeand____13____.Mentiontheword“hacker”andmanyofuspictureaseventeen-year-oldstudentsittinginabedroom,illegallyhackingintothegovernmentsystems.Butthatisactuallya(n)____14____ofwhatmosthackersdo.TheactivitiesthattakeplaceatDefConhaveanenormousimpactonourdailylives.Here,computeraddictswhocan’tbreakthehabitorresistthechallengeoffindingsecuritygaps____15____allkindsofsystems,fromtheinternettomobilecommunicationstohouseholddoorlocks.Andthentheytrytohackthem.Indoingso,theydousallagreatservicebypassingontheirfindingstoindustry,whichcanthen____16____thesecurityholes.Ifyou’reamongthosewho____17____theDefConattendeesasabunchofsocialmisfits,thenyouprobablyhavethesamepasswordfor90percentofyouronlineexistence,whichisrisky.Evenifyouthinkyou’rebeingcleverbyusingyourgrandmother’sbirthdatebackwardsasapassword,you’reno____18____forthesepeople.Thereisnogreater____19____tobefoundonlinethanthatofanaverageInternetuser.I’mhappytoadmitthatI’moneofthem.I’malsoawarethatthereareotherpeopleouttherewhoaretryingtogetmoreandmoreaccesstoourpersonaldata.Sadly,wehavefewtoolstoprotectourselves.Butthereisagroupofpeoplewhoare____20____aboutonlinefreedomandhavethemeanstohelpusprotectourprivacy.ManyofthemcanbefoundatDefCon.【答案】11.K12.H13.A14.F15.C16.I17.B18.E19.D20.G【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是DefCon黑客大會的相關情況以及黑客并非都是非法入侵者?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：隨后，一個令人擔憂的意識涌上心頭：如果你這個業(yè)余人士都能闖入自己的家，那么專業(yè)人士的速度可能會快上五倍。由下文“ifyoucanbreakintoyourownplaceasanamateur,aprofessionalcoulddoitfivetimesfaster”可知，空后所說的意識到的內(nèi)容是令人擔憂的，空格處意為“令人擔憂的”，用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞realization，是worrying，故選K?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：于是，你開始尋找安全系統(tǒng)中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)并加以修復。由前面的“l(fā)ookfortheweak”和下文“inyoursecurityandfixit”可知，句子表示“你開始尋找安全系統(tǒng)中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)并加以修復”，空格處意為“要點，核心問題”，是point，此處用單數(shù)，故選H?！?3題詳解】考查名詞。句意：每年，黑客們都會在拉斯維加斯聚會，測試他們的知識和能力。由上文“hackersmeetinLasVegastotesttheirknowledgeand”可知，句子表示“黑客們都會在拉斯維加斯聚會，測試他們的知識和能力”，空格處意為“能力”，是capabilities。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞。句意：但這實際上是對大多數(shù)黑客行為的歪曲。由上文“illegallyhackingintothegovernmentsystems”可知，句子表示“這實際上是對大多數(shù)黑客行為的歪曲”，空格處意為“歪曲”，是misrepresentation。故選F。【15題詳解】考查動詞。句意：在這里，那些無法戒掉尋找安全漏洞這一習慣或無法抗拒這一挑戰(zhàn)的計算機愛好者們，會檢查各種系統(tǒng)，從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)到移動通信，再到家用門鎖。由下文“allkindsofsystems,fromtheinternettomobilecommunicationstohouseholddoorlocks”可知，句子表示“那些無法戒掉尋找安全漏洞這一習慣或無法抗拒這一挑戰(zhàn)的計算機愛好者們，會檢查各種系統(tǒng)”，空格處意為“檢查”，是examine，句子描述經(jīng)常性，習慣性動作，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語addicts是復數(shù)，因此examine用原形，故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動詞。句意：通過這樣做，他們實際上為我們所有人提供了巨大的服務，因為他們將自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)傳遞給相關行業(yè)，這些行業(yè)隨后可以填補安全漏洞。由上文“theydousallagreatservicebypassingontheirfindingstoindustry”可知，句子表示“他們實際上為我們所有人提供了巨大的服務，因為他們將自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)傳遞給相關行業(yè)，這些行業(yè)隨后可以填補安全漏洞”，空格處意為“填補”，是plug，can是情態(tài)動詞，因此空格處用原形，故選I?！?7題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：如果你和那些輕視DefCon參會者、認為他們是一群社會不適應者的人一樣，那么你可能90%的在線賬戶都使用同一個密碼，這是非常危險的。由空后“theDefConattendeesasabunchofsocialmisfits”可知，句子表示“輕視DefCon參會者”，空格處意為“輕視”，是dismiss，由have是原形可知，句子時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，who指代的先行詞those是復數(shù)，因此dismiss用原形，故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：即使你認為自己很聰明，把祖母的生日倒過來作為密碼，但與這些人相比，你根本不是他們的對手。由上文“whichisrisky”可知，句子表示“你認為自己很聰明，把祖母的生日倒過來作為密碼，但與這些人相比，你根本不是他們的對手”，空格處意為“對手”，是match，空前有no，空格處用單數(shù)，故選E?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：在網(wǎng)上，沒有比普通互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶更無知的存在了。由上文“I’malsoawarethatthereareotherpeopleouttherewhoaretryingtogetmoreandmoreaccesstoourpersonaldata”可知，句子表示“沒有比普通互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶更無知的存在了”，空格處意為“無知”，用名詞作賓語，是ignorance，是不可數(shù)名詞，故選D?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：但有一群人對網(wǎng)絡自由充滿熱情，他們有辦法幫助我們保護自己的隱私。由下文“havethemeanstohelpusprotectourprivacy”可知，句子表示“有一群人對網(wǎng)絡自由充滿熱情，他們有辦法幫助我們保護自己的隱私”，空格處意為“熱情的”，用形容詞作表語，是passionate，故選G。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Imagineaworldwheremachinesdon’tjustrespondtocommandsbutactuallyunderstandhowyoufeel.Yourphonesensessadnessinyourvoiceandsuggestscallingafriend;yourcomputerseesyou’retiredandremindsyoutorest.Sounds____21____?Notanymore.EmotionAI—thetechnologythatallowsmachinestorecognizeandinterprethumanemotions—isalreadyhere.ForRanaelKaliouby,thisideawas____22____.Yearsago,whenshemovedfromEgypttotheUK,sheandherhusbandkeptintouchthroughtextmessages.Butsomethingwas____23____:Nomatterhowmanywordstheyexchanged,hecouldn’tseetheexhaustiononherfaceorhearthesadnessinhervoice.Thatexperienceplantedaseedinhermind:Whatiftechnologycouldbridgethatemotional____24____?Drivenbythisvision,sheco-foundedAffectiva,acompanyspecializinginemotion-detectingAI.Theconceptissimpleyetpowerful.Machinesaretrainedtorecognizeemotionsthroughfacialexpressions,toneofvoice,andevenbodylanguage.Affectiva,____25____,workswithmarketingfirmstoanalyzehowpeoplereacttoadvertisements.Meanwhile,companieslikeBehavioralSignalsfocusonvoiceanalysis,usingtoneandspeechpatternstodiscoveremotionsincustomerservicecalls.Thepotential____26____arevast,fromeducationtohealthcaretodriversafety.Buthere’sthecatch:recognizinganemotionisn’tthesameas____27____it.Afurrowedbrow(皺眉)—doesitmeananger,deepthought,orjustbadlighting?Ascowl(怒視)couldsignalfrustration,butitmightjustas____28____indicateconcentration.Andthenthere’s____29____—whatlookslikeexcitementinonepartoftheworldmightbemistakenforanxietyinanother.Beyondaccuracy,there’sabiggerquestion:ShouldAIbe_____30_____tomakedecisionsbasedonemotions?SomepoliceforceshavealreadyexperimentedwithemotionAItoassesswhetherpeopleappear“suspicious.”Criticsarguethisisa_____31_____game,especiallysincestudiesshowAIcanbeprejudiced,sometimesinterpretingemotionsdifferentlybasedonraceorgender.The_____32_____thingsocietyneedsisfaultytechnologyinfluencingimportantdecisionslikehiring,lawenforcement,ormentalhealthdiagnoses._____33_____,theprogressisundeniable.CarmanufacturersaredevelopingAIsystemsthatmonitordrivers’emotionsand_____34_____iftheyappeardistractedortired.Inclassrooms,researchersareexploringwaysAIcouldfigureoutwhenstudentsarestrugglingordisengagedandadjustlessonsinrealtime.So,wheredoesthatleaveus?EmotionAIisfascinating,fullofpromise—butalsofullofrisks.Butonethingiscertain:thelinebetweenhumanandmachineisbecoming_____35_____witheachpassingday.21.A.reasonable B.futuristic C.familiar D.necessary22.A.personal B.ridiculous C.complex D.collective23.A.unusual B.missing C.pointless D.accessible24.A.wound B.variety C.tension D.gap25.A.bycontrast B.inaddition C.insummary D.forexample26.A.applications B.obstacles C.transformations D.investments27.A.conveying B.controlling C.understanding D.redirecting28.A.barely B.slowly C.severely D.easily29.A.improvement B.pressure C.disorder D.culture30A.requested B.trusted C.forbidden D.improved31.A.casual B.dangerous C.strategic D.boring32.A.urgent B.confusing C.last D.right33.A.Still B.Rather C.Subsequently D.Consequently34.A.wait B.leave C.intervene D.ignore35.A.lessclear B.lessartificial C.morecrucial D.moredefinable【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.D25.D26.A27.C28.D29.D30.B31.B32.C33.A34.C35.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章探討情感AI的技術潛力及其倫理挑戰(zhàn)，揭示人機交互邊界的模糊性與風險。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：你的手機感知到你聲音中的悲傷，建議你給朋友打個電話；你的電腦發(fā)現(xiàn)你疲憊不堪，提醒你休息一下。聽起來很科幻，未來才能發(fā)生？但這一切已成現(xiàn)實。A.reasonable合理的；B.futuristic未來感的，科幻的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.necessary必要的。根據(jù)上文“yourcomputerseesyou’retiredandremindsyoutorest.”及下文“Notanymore”可知，前文描述機器感知情緒的場景屬于未來科技，后文提到加以否定，說明該技術已實現(xiàn)。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對RanaelKaliouby而言，這個想法源于她的親身經(jīng)歷。A.personal個人的；B.ridiculous荒謬的；C.complex復雜的；D.collective集體的。根據(jù)下文“Yearsago,whenshemovedfromEgypttotheUK,sheandherhusbandkeptintouchthroughtextmessages.”可知，后文講述Rana的個人經(jīng)歷，需形容詞修飾idea，體現(xiàn)“個人構想”。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但總缺少些什么：無論他們交換多少文字信息，對方始終看不到她臉上的倦容，也聽不出她聲音里的悲傷。A.unusual不尋常的；B.missing缺失的；C.pointless無意義的；D.accessible可獲取的。根據(jù)下文“Nomatterhowmanywordstheyexchanged,hecouldn’tseetheexhaustiononherfaceorhearthesadnessinhervoice.”可知，后文指出丈夫無法感知她的疲憊和悲傷，說明交流中“缺失”某些情感線索。固定搭配：somethingwasmissing意為“缺少某物”符合句意。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這段經(jīng)歷在她心中埋下一顆種子：如果技術能填補這種情感鴻溝會怎樣？A.wound傷口；B.variety多樣性；C.tension緊張；D.gap鴻溝，缺口。根據(jù)下文“Nomatterhowmanywordstheyexchanged,hecouldn’tseetheexhaustiononherfaceorhearthesadnessinhervoice.”可知，前文提到無法感知情緒，因此后文提出用技術“彌合情感鴻溝”。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查副詞短語詞義辨析。句意：例如Affectiva公司與營銷機構合作，分析人們對廣告的情緒反應。A.bycontrast相比之下；B.inaddition此外；C.insummary總之；D.forexample例如。這里以Affectiva為例說明技術應用，所以使用舉例過渡詞。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這項技術的應用前景極為廣闊，涵蓋教育、醫(yī)療到駕駛員安全等領域。A.applications應用；B.obstacles障礙；C.transformations轉(zhuǎn)變；D.investments投資。根據(jù)下文“fromeducationtohealthcaretodriversafety.”可知，后文列舉廣告分析、語音識別等具體用途，這些是應用場景。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但關鍵在于：識別情緒不等于理解情緒。A.conveying傳達；B.controlling控制；C.understanding理解；D.redirecting重定向。根據(jù)上文“Buthere’sthecatch:recognizinganemotion”可知，前文強調(diào)“識別情緒”，后文討論“理解情緒”的復雜性，構成邏輯遞進。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：一個怒視可能代表沮喪，但也同樣可能只是專注的表現(xiàn)。A.barely幾乎不；B.slowly緩慢地；C.severely嚴重地；D.easily容易地。這里表達怒視可能“輕易被誤解”為專注，easily修飾誤判的可能性。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：此外還有文化差異——某種表情在A地區(qū)代表興奮，在B地區(qū)可能被誤讀為焦慮。A.improvement改進；B.pressure壓力；C.disorder紊亂；D.culture文化。根據(jù)下文“whatlookslikeexcitementinonepartoftheworldmightbemistakenforanxietyinanother.”可知，后文提到不同地區(qū)對同一表情的解讀差異，涉及文化差異。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：除準確性外，更值得深思的是：我們該信任AI基于情緒做決定嗎？A.requested被要求的；B.trusted被信任的；C.forbidden被禁止的；D.improved被改進的。根據(jù)下文“especiallysincestudiesshowAIcanbeprejudiced,sometimesinterpretingemotionsdifferentlybasedonraceorgender.”可知，后文提到“偏見風險”，因此這里討論是否應“信任AI做決策”，前后呼應。故選B。【31題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：批評者認為這是危險的游戲，尤其有研究表明AI可能存在偏見，不同種族或性別的情緒解讀結果會有差異。A.casual隨意的；B.dangerous危險的；C.strategic戰(zhàn)略的；D.boring無聊的。根據(jù)下文“especiallysincestudiesshowAIcanbeprejudiced,sometimesinterpretingemotionsdifferentlybasedonraceorgender.”可知，后文指出AI偏見可能導致歧視，素以這里強調(diào)倫理風險。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：社會最不需要的，就是有缺陷的技術影響招聘、執(zhí)法或心理健康診斷等重要決策。A.urgent緊急的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.last最后的；最不需要的；D.right正確的。根據(jù)下文“faultytechnologyinfluencingimportantdecisionslikehiring,lawenforcement,ormentalhealthdiagnoses.”可知，這些是社會最不需要的東西。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管如此，技術進步不可否認。A.Still盡管如此；B.Rather相反；C.Subsequently隨后；D.Consequently因此。根據(jù)上文“Beyondaccuracy,there’sabiggerquestion”及下文“theprogressisundeniable”可知，前文討論風險，后文承認技術進步，需要表轉(zhuǎn)折的副詞。故填A。【34題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：汽車制造商正在開發(fā)能監(jiān)測駕駛員情緒的系統(tǒng)，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)分心或疲勞便會主動干預。A.wait等待；B.leave離開；C.intervene干預；D.ignore忽略。根據(jù)上文“CarmanufacturersaredevelopingAIsystemsthatmonitordrivers’emotions”可知，上文提到系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測司機狀態(tài)因此要發(fā)出警告，之后要開始干預駕駛行為以保證安全。故選C。【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但有一件事是肯定的：人類和機器之間的界限正變得越來越不清晰。A.lessclear更模糊；B.lessartificial更不人工；C.morecrucial更關鍵；D.moredefinable更可定義。根據(jù)上文“Imagineaworldwheremachinesdon’tjustrespondtocommandsbutactuallyunderstandhowyoufeel.Yourphonesensessadnessinyourvoiceandsuggestscallingafriend;yourcomputerseesyou’retiredandremindsyoutorest.”及“So,wheredoesthatleaveus?EmotionAIisfascinating,fullofpromise—butalsofullofrisks.”可知，情感本是人類專屬領域，現(xiàn)在卻被機器介入，技術充滿希望也充滿風險，因此這里強調(diào)人機界限“日益模糊”，呼應上文點明主題。故選A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Soapbubbles(泡泡)arelikelittlefloatingwonders.They’relight,delicate,andfullofsurprises.And,ofcourse,theyshinewithbeautifulcolours!Butifyoulookclosely,you’llnoticesomethingodd—bubblesshowpink,green,yellow,andsometimesblue,butwherearetheothercolours?Whydon’tweseebrightred,deeppurple,orwarmorangefloatingintheair?Thesecretbehindabubble’scoloursliesinitsthinfilm.Theoutersurfacereflectslight,andsodoestheinnersurface.Lightmoveslikeawaveinthissituation.Justlikeripples(漣漪)onapond,thelightreflectedfromtheinsidetravelsabitfartherandmayormaynotmatchupwiththelightreflectedfromtheoutside.Ifthewavesstrengtheneachother,thecolourofthatwavelengthbecomesvisible.Sofar,sogood—thisprocesscancreatemanycolours.Butwhere’smyredbubble?Thelightwavesspreadingfromthebubblecontainallthecoloursoftherainbow.However,wedon’tseethemseparatelybecausethesoapfilm’sthicknessoftenproducesamixofcolours.Interestingly,thethicknessthatenhancesredalsoenhancesviolet(紫色).Butinsteadofseeingboth,weonlyseepink.Thevioletwaveripplesfourtimesbeforeexiting,whiletheredwaveripplesthreetimes.Yet,bythetimetheyleavethebubble,theymeet.Pinkseemslikeasinglecolour,butitdoesn’tactuallyexistintherainbow—ourbrainscreateitbymixingredandviolet.Ifthebubble’ssurfacebecomesslightlythinner,theredandvioletwavescanceleachotherout,leavingonlygreen,whichisarealrainbowcolour.Asthefilmgetseventhinner,redandgreenappeartogether(bothripplingabouttwice),butbluedisappears,soweseeyellowinstead.Weonlyseecolourswhenthesoapfilmisverythin—justoneortwolightwavelengthsthick.Thismeansthereareonlyafewpossiblecolourcombinations,andredaloneisn’toneofthem.So,noredbubblesforme.Itmightbefrustratingtohear,“That’sjusthowitis,”butinthiscase,Idon’tmind.Everysoapbubblefollowsthesamerules,nomatterhoworwhereit’smade.It’sactuallycomfortingtoseetheuniverseworkinginsuchaconsistentway.Pinkandgreenbubblesaresimplynature’sdesign.36.Lightreflectedfromtheouterandinnerlayersofabubbleinteractsby______.A.combiningintostrongerlightB.eitheraddingtogetherorreducingeachotherC.absorbingeachothertomakeasinglecolourD.passingthroughthebubblewithoutchanging37.Whydoweneverseeaperfectlyredsoapbubble?A.Redlightalwaysmixeswithothercolours.B.Redistooweaktobeseenonabubble’ssurface.C.Thebubble’ssurfaceabsorbsredlightcompletely.D.Thesoapinthebubblepreventsredlightfromreflecting.38.Whatpointdoesthewritermakeinthelastparagraph?AIt’snicethatthenaturalworldisfilledwithuncertainties.B.It’sgoodthatthenaturalworldfollowsclearscientificrules.C.It’ssadthatwedonothingtochangethecoloursofsoapbubbles.D.Itisfrustratingtoseethesoapbubblesworkinginaconsistentway.39.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Whylightissoappealing.B.Howsoapbubblesaremade.C.Howlightcreateswondersinnature.D.Whysomecoloursdon’tappearinsoapbubbles.【答案】36.B37.A38.B39.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是肥皂泡呈現(xiàn)顏色的原理，以及為什么我們看不到某些顏色（如紅色）的肥皂泡?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Justlikeripplesonapond,thelightreflectedfromtheinsidetravelsabitfartherandmayormaynotmatchupwiththelightreflectedfromtheoutside.Ifthewavesstrengtheneachother,thecolourofthatwavelengthbecomesvisible.(就像池塘里的漣漪一樣，從內(nèi)部反射出來的光線會多走一段距離，可能與從外部反射出來的光線相遇，也可能不相遇。如果這兩股波浪相互增強，那么那個波長的顏色就會變得可見。)”可知，從氣泡的外層和內(nèi)層反射的光通過加或減相互作用。故選B。【37題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“However,wedon’tseethemseparatelybecausethesoapfilm’sthicknessoftenproducesamixofcolours.Interestingly,thethicknessthatenhancesredalsoenhancesviolet.Butinsteadofseeingboth,weonlyseepink.(然而，我們不能單獨看到它們，因為肥皂膜的厚度經(jīng)常會產(chǎn)生混合的顏色。有趣的是，增強紅色的厚度也增強了紫色。但我們看不到兩者，只看到粉紅色。)”可知，我們從來沒有看到一個完美的紅色肥皂泡是因為紅光總是和其他顏色混在一起。故選A。【38題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Everysoapbubblefollowsthesamerules,nomatterhoworwhereit’smade.It’sactuallycomfortingtoseetheuniverseworkinginsuchaconsistentway.Pinkandgreenbubblesaresimplynature’sdesign.(每個肥皂泡都遵循同樣的規(guī)則，不管它是在哪里或如何制造的。實際上，看到宇宙以如此一致的方式運行是令人欣慰的。粉色和綠色泡泡是大自然的設計。)”可知，作者在最后一段提出的觀點是自然界遵循明確的科學規(guī)則是件好事。故選B?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Butifyoulookclosely,you’llnoticesomethingodd—bubblesshowpink,green,yellow,andsometimesblue,butwherearetheothercolours?Whydon’tweseebrightred,deeppurple,orwarmorangefloatingintheair?(但如果你仔細觀察，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)一些奇怪的事情——氣泡顯示粉紅色、綠色、黃色，有時是藍色，但其他顏色在哪里？為什么我們看不到鮮紅色、深紫色或暖橙色在空中飄??？)”可知，本文主要講的是肥皂泡呈現(xiàn)顏色的原理，以及為什么我們看不到某些顏色（如紅色）的肥皂泡，因此D選項“Whysomecoloursdon’tappearinsoapbubbles.(為什么有些顏色不出現(xiàn)在肥皂泡里。)”是文章的主旨。故選D。(B)HulaDancingHulaisatraditionalNativeHawaiiandancethathasbeenpracticedforcenturies,servingmultiplepurposessuchasstorytelling.religiousexpression,andentertainment.ItisadeeplyculturalandartisticformofmovementthatreflectsHawaiianhistory,values,andbeliefs.MusicalInstrumentNativeHawaiianscraftedtheirmusicalinstrumentsusingmaterialsfoundintheirenvironment,suchasseeds,wood.gourds,andshells.Theseinstrumentsweredesignednotonlytocreatesoundbutalsotoreflectthenaturalbeautyandharmonyoftheislands.Eventoday,manyHawaiianscontinuethepracticeofmakingtheseinstrumentsbyhand,preservingthetraditionaltechniquespasseddownthroughgenerations.HulaBasicsLocateaflat,smoothsurfacetoensurestability.Removeyoursocksandshoesforbettercontrol.Positionyourfeetapproximatelyfourinchesapart,maintainingabalancedstand.Slightlybendyourkneesandrestyourhandsonyourhips(髖部).Initiatemovementwithyourrightfootbysteppingtotheright,bringingyourleftfootalongsideit.Takeanothersteptotheright,thengentlytapyourleftfootbesideyourright.Repeattotheleft.Oncecomfortablewiththefootwork,addarmmovements.Whenyoustepright,bendyourleftamandraiseittoyourchestwithyourelbow(手肘)straightout.Extendyourrightarmstraightouttotheside.Dotheoppositewhenyoustepleft.HandGesturesThehandgesturesinhuladancingserveasavisuallanguage,enhancingthestorytellingaspectoftheperformancebysymbolizingelementsofnatureandemotions.·TorepresentRAIN,gracefullyliftbotharmsaboveyourhead,thenlowerthemslowlyinfrontofyouwhiledelicatelymovingyourfingers,imitatingfallingraindrops.·ForFLOWER,liftyourhandswithyourfingertipspressedtogether,creatingtheshapeofablossom.·ToillustrateWIND.extendyourlefthandforwardwhilecirclingyourrighthandaboveyourheadtwice.·ToshowtherisingSUNorMOON,beginwithyourhandstogetheratwaistlevel,thenmoveeacharmoutwardandupwardinasmootharc(弧線)overyourhead.Finally,formtheshapeofthesunormoonbybringingyourfingertipstogether.40.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthesignificanceofhuladancing?A.ItreflectsHawaiians’character.B.IthelpskeepHawaiianculturealive.C.ItrelatesHawaiianstomodernsociety.D.ItrepresentsHawaiianpeople’screativity.41.Whichofthefollowingisadistinctfeatureofhuladancing?A.Dancersrelyonfastmovementswithnosetform.B.Dancersjumpandturntoshowthewonderofnature.C.Dancersremaininoneplacewhilemovingtheirhands.D.Dancersusespecificstepsandarmmovementstogether.42.Thefollowingpicturesshowsomehandgesturesinhuladancing.WhichtwoofthemrepresentFLOWERandWIND,respectively?A.2and3. B.1and4 C.2and4. D.1and3.【答案】40.B41.D42.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹夏威夷草裙舞，涵蓋其文化意義、舞蹈基礎，以及特色的舞步、手勢與樂器知識。【40題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“HulaisatraditionalNativeHawaiiandancethathasbeenpracticedforcenturies,servingmultiplepurposessuchasstorytelling,religiousexpression,andentertainment.ItisadeeplyculturalandartisticformofmovementthatreflectsHawaiianhistory,values,andbeliefs.(草裙舞是一種傳統(tǒng)的夏威夷本土舞蹈，已經(jīng)傳承了幾個世紀，具有多種用途，如講故事、宗教表達和娛樂。它是一種具有深厚文化和藝術內(nèi)涵的舞蹈形式，反映了夏威夷的歷史、價值觀和信仰。)”可知，草裙舞作為一種有著悠久歷史的傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，承載著夏威夷的文化、歷史、價值觀和信仰等。由此推知，它有助于讓夏威夷文化得以延續(xù)下去，即幫助保持夏威夷文化的活力。故選B。【41題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HulaBasics部分“Oncecomfortablewiththefootwork,addarmmovements.Whenyoustepright,bendyourleftarmandraiseittoyourchestwithyourelbow(手肘)straightout.Extendyourrightarmstraightouttotheside.Dotheoppositewhenyoustepleft.(一旦對步法感到適應，就加上手臂動作。當你向右邁步時，彎曲你的左臂并將其舉到胸前，手肘伸直。將你的右臂伸直向一側伸展。當你向左邁步時，做相反的動作)”可知，草裙舞的一個明顯特點是舞者要將特定的舞步和手臂動作結合起來。故選D?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HandGestures部分“ForFLOWER,liftyourhandswithyourfingertipspressedtogether,creatingtheshapeofablossom.(對于‘花’，抬起你的手，使指尖壓在一起，形成一朵花的形狀)”可知，圖片1中指尖壓在一起形成花的形狀，符合“花”的手勢；“ToillustrateWIND,extendyourlefthandforwardwhilecirclingyourrighthandaboveyourheadtwice.(為了表現(xiàn)‘風’，伸出你的左手向前，同時右手在頭頂上方繞圈兩次)”可知，圖片3中左手向前伸出，右手在頭頂繞圈，符合“風”的手勢。所以代表“花”和“風”的手勢分別是圖片1和圖片3。故選D。(C)Intheearly20thcentury,HenryFordrevolutionizedindustrialproductionbyintegratingmovingproductionlineswithmasslabor,greatlyloweringmanufacturingcostsandtransformingtheautomobilefromaluxuryitemintoanaccessiblemeansoftransportation.Today,asimilarshiftisunfoldingintheserviceindustry,asdigitalplatformsusetechnologicaladvancementsandon-demandlabortodeliverservicesthatwereonceexclusivetothewealthy.CompaniessuchasUber,Handy,andInstacarthavespecialconsumeraccess,enablingindividualstosecurepersonaldrivers,householdassistance,andgrocerydeliverieswithminimaleffort.However,thescopeoftheon-demandeconomyextendsfarbeyondconvenienceservices.Increasingly,essentialprofessionalareas,includinghealthcare,legalconsultation,andbusinessadvisoryservices,arebeingrestructuredthroughdigitalplatforms.StartupslikeMedicast,Axiom,andFfacilitateinteractionsbetweenindependentprofessionalsandclientsinneedofspecializedexpertise.Althoughstillemerging,thiseconomicmodelisexpandingatanunparalleledpace:Uber,establishedin2009,nowoperatesinover50countriesandhadalreadyreachedavaluationof$40