2024-2025美國(guó)玉米出口貨物品質(zhì)報(bào)告

U.S.GRAINS

COUNCIL

2024/2025

CORNEXPORTCARGOQUALITYREPORT

U.S.GRAINS

COUNCIL

U.S.GRAINS

COUNCIL

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Developingareportofthisscopeandbreadthinatimelymannerrequiresparticipationbyseveralindividualsandorganizations.TheU.S.Grains

CouncilisgratefultoSteveHofing,LeeSingleton,LisaEckel,AlexHarveyandDeeAnnHoffmanofCentrecConsultingGroup,LLC(Centrec)for

theiroversightandcoordinationindevelopingthisreport.Ateamofexpertsprovidedanalysisandwritingsupport.Externalteammembersinclude

Drs.LowellHill,MarvinPaulsenandTomWhitaker.Inaddition,theCouncil

isindebtedtotheIllinoisCropImprovementAssociation’sIdentityPreservedGrainLaboratory(IPGLab)andChampaign-DanvilleGrainInspection(CDGI)forprovidingthecornqualitytestingservices.

Inparticular,weacknowledgetheirreplaceableservicesoftheFederal

GrainInspectionService(FGIS)oftheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture.FGISprovidedsamplesfromexportcargoes.TheFGISOfficeofInternational

Affairscoordinatedthesamplingprocess.FGISfieldstaff,theWashington

StateDepartmentofAgricultureandFGIS-designateddomesticofficialserviceproviderscollectedandsubmittedthesamplesthatconstitutethefoundationofthisreport.Wearegratefulforthetimetheydevotedduringtheirbusyseason.

AsaUSDAprogramsparticipant,theU.S.GrainsCounciliscommittedto

complyingwithnon-discriminationpoliciesfromfederal,stateandlocal

civilrightslawsandthoseoftheUSDA.VisittheUSDAwebsitepage

(

/non-discrimination-statement

)fordetails.

2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport?i

U.S.GRAINS

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1GreetingsfromtheCouncil

2ExportCargoQualityHighlights

4Introduction

6QualityTestResults

A.GradeFactors 6

B.ChemicalComposition 19

C.PhysicalFactors 29

D.Mycotoxins 48

59U.S.CornExportSystem

A.U.S.CornExportFlow 60

B.ImpactoftheCornMarketingChannelonQuality 61

C.U.S.GovernmentInspectionandGrading 63

65Survey&StatisticalAnalysisMethods

A.Overview 65

B.SurveyDesignandSampling 66

C.StatisticalAnalysis 71

72TestingAnalysisMethods

A.GradeFactors 72

B.ChemicalComposition 73

C.PhysicalFactors 74

D.Mycotoxins 75

77HistoricalPerspective

85U.S.CornSupportingInformation BCUSGCContactInformation

U.S.GRAINS

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GREETINGSFROMTHECOUNCIL

2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport?1

TheU.S.GrainsCouncil(USGC)ispleasedtopresentfindingsfromits14th

annualcornqualitysurveyinthis2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport.TheCounciliscommittedtofurtheringglobalfoodsecurityandmutualeconomicbenefitthroughtrade.Indoingso,itoffersthisreporttoassistbuyersinmakingwell-informeddecisionsbyprovidingreliableandtimelyinformationaboutthe

qualityofU.S.corndestinedforexport.

TheCornExportCargoQualityReportisthesecondoftworeportsreleased

annuallybytheCouncildetailingthequalityofthe2024corncrop.Thereport

isbasedonsamplestakenatthepointofloadingforinternationalshipment

earlyinthe2024/2025marketingyear.Thisreportanditssisterreport,the

2024/2025CornHarvestQualityReport,provideanearlylookatthegrade

factorsestablishedbytheU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureaswellaschemical

compositionandotherqualitycharacteristicsnotreportedelsewhere.Thisseriesofqualityreportsusesaconsistentandtransparentmethodologytoallowfor

insightfulcomparisonsacrosstime.

TheCouncilispleasedtoofferthisreportasaservicetoourvaluedtradingpartners.ItservesasameansoffulfillingtheCouncil’smissionofdevelopingmarkets,enablingtradeandimprovinglives.

CU

TH

LTIVATE

EFUTURE

Sincerely,

VerityUlibarri

Chairwoman,U.S.GrainsCouncilMarch2025

U.S.GRAINS

COUNCIL

EXPORTCARGOQUALITYHIGHLIGHTS

The2024U.S.corncropexperiencedlimitedstressthroughoutitsdevelopmentdue

tofavorablegrowingseasonconditions.Theseconditionscontributedtothehighest

projectedaverageyieldonrecordandpromotedgoodgrainquality.Relativelywarm,dryconditionsduringSeptemberandOctoberalsopermittedaneffectivedry-downandtimelyharvest,whichlikelymaintainedthequalityofthecornassembledforexportduringthe

2024/2025marketingyear.Reflectingthisimpact,theaverageaggregatequalityofthe

cornsamplestestedforthe2024/2025U.S.GrainsCouncilCornExportCargoQuality

Report(2024/2025ExportCargoReport)wasbetterthanorequaltoU.S.No.2onall

gradefactors,withhighertestweightandwholekernelsandlowerbrokencornandforeignmaterial(BCFM)andtotaldamagecomparedtothe5YA1.Inaddition,allsamplestestedbelowtheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)actionlevelforaflatoxinandthe

FDA’sadvisorylevelfordeoxynivalenol(DON)orvomitoxin.ThefollowingarenotableU.S.Aggregatequalityattributesfromthe2024/2025exportsamples.

GRADEFACTORS

?Averagetestweight(58.3poundsperbushel(lb/bu)or75.0kilogramsperhectoliter(kg/hl))washigherthan2023/2024andthe5YA,indicatingoverallgoodquality.

All(100.0%)ofthesamplestestedatorabovetheminimumforU.S.No.1gradecomparedto91.8%ofthesamplesin2023/2024.

?AverageBCFM(2.5%)wasthesameas2023/2024butlowerthanthe5YAandthemaximumlimitforU.S.No.2grade.BCFMpredictablyincreasedfrom0.6to2.5%asthecropmovedfromharvestthroughthemarketingchanneltoexport.

?Averagetotaldamageatexport(1.8%)washigherthan2023/2024butlowerthanthe5YA.Most(99.3%)ofthesampleswereatorbelowthelimitforU.S.No.2grade,comparedto98.8%ofthesamplesin2023/2024.

?Averageheatdamagewas0.0%,thesameas2023/2024andthe5YA,indicatinggoodmanagementofdryingandstorageofcornthroughoutthemarketingchannel.

CHEMICALCOMPOSITION

?Proteinconcentration(8.6%drybasis)waslowerthan2023/2024butthesameasthe5YA.

?Starchconcentration(72.1%drybasis)washigherthan2023/2024andthe5YA.

?Oilconcentration(3.9%drybasis)wasslightlylowerthan2023/2024andthe5YA.

1The5YArepresentsthesimpleaverageofthequalityfactors’averageorstandarddeviationfromthe2019/2020,2020/2021,2021/2022,2022/2023and2023/2024ExportCargoReports.

2?2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport

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EXPORTCARGOQUALITYHIGHLIGHTS

2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport?3

PHYSICALFACTORS

?Averagestresscracks(11.6%)waslowerthan2023/2024butsimilartothe5YA.

Ofthisyear’sexportsamples,70.8%hadlessthan15%stresscrackscomparedto49.2%ofthesamplesin2023/2024.

?Average100-kernelweight(36.95grams)wassimilarto2023/2024buthigherthanthe5YA,indicatingheavierkernelsin2024/2025thanthe5YA.

?Averagekernelvolume(0.29cubiccentimeters(cm3))wassimilarto2023/2024andhigherthanthe5YA.

?Averagetruedensity(1.293gramspercubiccentimeter(g/cm3))wassimilarto2023/2024andhigherthanthe5YA.

?Averagepercentofwholekernels(89.1%)washigherthan2023/2024andthe5YA.

?Averagehorneous(hard)endosperm(87%)washigherthan2023/2024andthe5YA.

MYCOTOXINS

?AllsamplestestedbelowtheFDAactionlevelof20.0partsperbillion(ppb)for

aflatoxin.Atotalof96.1%oftheexportsampleshadlevelsofaflatoxinbelowtheFederalGrainInspectionService(FGIS)“LowerConformanceLimit”of5.0ppbin2024/2025,ahigherproportionthan2023/2024(91.2%)and2022/2023(94.9%).

?Allsamplestestedbelowthe5.0partspermillion(ppm)FDAadvisorylevelforDON,thesameas2023/2024and2022/2023.OfthesamplestestedforDONin2024/2025,96.7%showedlevelsbelow1.5ppm,ahigherproportionthan2023/2024(93.4%)andlowerthan2022/2023(98.9%).

?Ofthesamplestestedforfumonisinin2024/2025,97.8%werebelowtheFDA’s

strictestguidancelevelforfumonisinof5.0ppm,ahigherproportionthan2023/2024(97.2%)and2022/2023(94.3%).

?ThisisthefourthyearinwhichsamplesweretestedforochratoxinA,trichothecenes(T-2)andzearalenone.The“QualityTestResults”sectioncontainssampleresultsfortheseadditionalmycotoxins.

U.S.GRAINS

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INTRODUCTION

4?2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport

Cornqualityinformationisimportanttoforeignbuyersastheydecideonpurchase

contractsandprocessingneedsforfeed,foodorindustrialuse.The2024/2025ExportCargoReportprovidesaccurate,unbiasedinformationaboutthequalityofU.S.yellowcommoditycornasitisassembledforexportearlyinthemarketingyear.Thisreport

providestestresultsforcornsamplescollectedduringtheU.S.government-licensedsamplingandinspectionprocessesforU.S.cornwaterborneandrailexportshipments.

ThisExportCargoReportisbased

on425yellowcommoditycorn

samplescollectedfromcornexportshipmentsastheyunderwentthe

federalinspectionandgrading

processesperformedbyFGISor

licensedinspectorsatinterioroffices.ThesampletestresultsarereportedattheU.S.aggregatelevel

(U.S.Aggregate)andbyexport

pointsassociatedwiththreegeneralregionsknownasExportCatchmentAreas(ECAs)shownonthemap.

ExportCatchmentAreas

PacificNorthwest

ExportscornthroughWashington,OregonandCaliforniaports.

SouthernRail

ExportscorntoMexicoby

railfrominlandsubterminals.

ExportscornthroughtheU.S.Gulfports.

Gulf

Thegradefactorresultsarealsosummarizedbygradecategories“U.S.No.2”

and“U.S.No.3”toillustratethepracticalqualitydifferencesbetweenthesetwo

specifications.Resultsaredisplayedbythegradeontheloadingcontractspecifiedbythetradingpartnersratherthantheiractualgradefactortestresults.

Thisreportprovidesdetailedinformationoneachofthequalityfactorstested,includingaverage,standarddeviationanddistribution,fortheU.S.AggregateandforeachofthethreeECAs.The“QualityTestResults”sectionsummarizesthefollowingqualityfactors:

?GradeFactors:testweight,BCFM,totaldamageandheatdamage

?ChemicalComposition:protein,starchandoilconcentrations

?PhysicalFactors:stresscracks,100-kernelweight,kernelvolume,kerneltruedensity,wholekernelsandhorneous(hard)endosperm

?Mycotoxins:aflatoxin,DON,fumonisin,ochratoxinA,T-2andzearalenone

Detailsaboutthetestinganalysismethodsusedforthisreportareprovidedinthe“TestingAnalysisMethods”section.

Forthe2024/2025ExportCargoReport,FGISandinteriorofficescollectedsamplesfromexportshipmentsloadedfromNovember2024throughearly-March2025togenerate

statisticallyvalidresultsfortheU.S.AggregateandbyECA.Theobjectivewastoobtainenoughsamplestoestimatequalityfactoraveragesofthecornexportswitharelativemarginoferror(RelativeME)ofnotmorethan10%fortheU.S.Aggregatelevel.

U.S.GRAINS

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INTRODUCTION

2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport?5

Beginningwiththe2022/2023ExportCargoReport,gradefactorresultsfromtheGulfandPacificNorthwestECAsforthecurrentyearandallpreviousyearswereobtainedfromtheFederalGrainInspectionService’sExportGrainReport.Thisdatasetprovidesshipment-levelgradefactorandmoisturedata,thecontractgradespecifiedbythe

tradingpartners,themetrictonsshippedandtheinspectiondate.Thesedatawere

filteredbydatetocorrespondwiththetimeframefromwhichthephysicalsamples

werecollectedusingthedataset’sThursdaycutoffdate.Completegradefactordata

areavailablefromnearlyallvesselsloadedfromtheGulfandPacificNorthwestECAs,whichprovidethebestpossiblerepresentationoftheaveragegradefactorsloaded

fromtheseECAssinceallvesselsloadedwithcornaresampled.1Whilethedataset

containsshipmentinformationfromtheSouthernRailECA,thisreportcontinuestorelyonthegradefactorresultsfromthephysicalsamplescollectedsincegradefactordataareoftenincompletefromrailshipmentsintheFGISdataset.Furtherdiscussionof

thisprotocolandotherstatisticalsamplingandanalysismethodsarepresentedinthe“SurveyandStatisticalAnalysisMethods”section.Annualinspectiondataareavailabletothepublicat

/ExportGrainReport/default.aspx

.

This2024/2025ExportCargoReportisthefourteenthinaseriesofannualsurveysof

thequalityofU.S.cornexportsearlyinthemarketingyear.InadditiontotheCouncil

reportingthequalityofcornexportsearlyinthecurrentmarketingyear,thecumulative

ExportCargoReportsurveysareprovidingincreasedvaluetostakeholders.The

fourteenyearsofdataenableexportbuyersandotherstakeholderstomakeyear-to-yearcomparisonsandassesspatternsincornqualitybasedongrowing,drying,handling,

storageandtransportconditions.

TheExportCargoReportdoesnotpredicttheactualqualityofanycargoorlotofcornafterloadingoratdestination.Allparticipantsinthevaluechainneedtounderstand

theirowncontractneedsandobligations.Inadditiontograde,manyofthequality

attributescanbespecifiedinthebuyer-sellercontract.Manyfactors,includingweather,genetics,comminglingandgraindryingandhandling,affectqualitychangesincomplexways.Sampletestresultscanvarysignificantlydependingontheoriginationofthe

corn,thewaysinwhichacornlotwasloadedontoaconveyanceandthemethodofsamplingused.Areviewofhowcornqualityevolvesfromthefieldtotheoceanvesselorrailcarisprovidedinthe“U.S.CornExportSystem”section.

Thecompanionreport,theU.S.GrainsCouncil2024/2025CornHarvestQualityReport,wasreleasedinNovember2024andreportedonthequalityofthecornasitenteredtheU.S.marketingsystem.The2024/2025HarvestReportandthe2024/2025ExportCargoReportshouldbestudiedtogethersothatchangesincornqualityoccurringbetween

harvestandexportcanbeunderstood.The“HistoricalPerspective”sectionillustrates

thesechangesbydisplayingtheresultsfromthisreportwithallpreviousHarvestReportsandExportCargoReports.

1WhilethisprotocolresultsinasamplingpopulationcontainingnearlyallofthecornexportedthroughtheGulfandPacificNorthwestECAs,thereareafewexclusionsdiscussedinthe“SurveyandStatisticalAnalysisMethods”section.

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QUALITYTESTRESULTS

6?2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport

A.GRADEFACTORS

USDAFGIShasestablishednumericalgrades,definitionsandstandardsforthe

measurementofmanyqualityattributes.Theattributesthatdeterminethenumericalgradesforcornaretestweight,BCFM,totaldamageandheatdamage.Atablewiththenumericalrequirementsfortheseattributesisinthe“U.S.CornSupportingInformation”sectionofthisreportandonthefollowingpage.

SUMMARY:GRADEFACTORS

?AverageU.S.Aggregatetestweight(58.3lb/buor75.0kg/hl)washigherthan

2023/2024(58.1lb/bu),2022/2023(58.0lb/bu),the5YA(57.6lb/bu)andthe10YA(57.5lb/bu).ItwasalsowellabovetheminimumforU.S.No.1grade(56.0lb/bu).

?Theaveragetestweightatexporthasbeenconsistentlylowerthanthatatharvest.

?TheaveragetestweightforthePacificNorthwestECAhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanthatoftheotherECAsoverthelastfouryears,the5YAandthe10YA.

?AverageU.S.AggregateBCFM(2.5%)wassameas2023/2024butlowerthan2022/2023(2.7%),the5YA(2.7%)andthe10YA(2.8%).ItwasalsobelowtheU.S.No.2gradelimit(3.0%).

?Atotalof88.5%oftheexportsampleswasatorbelowthemaximumBCFM

allowedforU.S.No.2grade(3.0%)and99.5%wereatorbelowtheBCFMlimitforU.S.No.3grade(4.0%).

?AverageBCFMintheSouthernRailECA(1.7%)waslowerthantheGulf(2.7%)andPacificNorthwestECAs(2.8%).AverageBCFMfortheSouthernRailECAhasalsobeenlowestamongtheECAsforthelastfouryears,the5YAandthe10YA.

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QUALITYTESTRESULTS

2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport?7

?AverageU.S.Aggregatetotaldamage(1.8%)washigherthan2023/2024(1.7%),butlowerthan2022/2023(2.3%),the5YAandthe10YA(both2.2%).ItwasalsowellbelowthelimitforU.S.No.2grade(5.0%).

?Oftheexportsamples,92.0%had3.0%orlessdamagedkernels,meetingthe

U.S.No.1grade.Inaddition,99.3%wereatorbelowthelimitforU.S.No.2grade(5.0%).AveragetotaldamageforthePacificNorthwestECAhasbeenthelowestamongtheECAsforthelastfouryears,the5YAandthe10YA.

?AverageU.S.Aggregateheatdamagewas0.0%for2024/2025,thesameasthepreviousfouryears,the5YAand10YA.

U.S.CornGradesandGradeRequirements

Grade

MinimumTestWeight

perBushel

(Pounds)

MaximumLimitsof

DamagedKernels

BrokenCornand

ForeignMaterial

(Percent)

Heat

Damaged

(Percent)

Total

(Percent)

U.S.No.1

56.0

0.1

3.0

2.0

U.S.No.2

U.S.No.3

U.S.No.4

54.0

52.0

49.0

0.2

0.5

1.0

5.0

7.0

10.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

U.S.No.5

46.0

3.0

15.0

7.0

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QUALITYTESTRESULTS

8?2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport

TESTWEIGHT

Testweight(weightpervolume)isameasureofbulkdensity.Itisoftenusedasageneralindicatorofoverallqualityandasagaugeofendospermhardnessforalkalinecookersanddrymillers.Hightestweightcorntakesuplessstoragespacethanthesameweightofcornwithlowertestweight.Testweightisinitiallyimpactedbygeneticdifferencesinthestructureofthekernel.However,itisalsoaffectedbymoisturecontent,dryingspeed,physical

damagetothekernel(brokenorscuffedkernelsurfaces),foreignmaterialinthesample,kernelsizeandhardness,kernelmaturityandmicrobiologicaldamage.Whensampled

andmeasuredatthepointofdeliveryfromthefarmatagivenmoisturecontent,hightestweightgenerallyindicateshighquality,ahighpercentofhorneous(orhard)endospermandsound,cleancorn.Testweighthasapositivecorrelationwithtruedensityandreflectskernelhardnessandgoodmaturationconditions.

RESULTS

?AverageU.S.Aggregatetestweight(58.3lb/buor75.0kg/hl)waswellabovethe

limitforU.S.No.1grade(56.0lb/bu).Itwasalsohigherthan2023/2024(58.1lb/bu),2022/2023(58.0lb/bu),the5YA(57.6lb/bu)and10YA(57.5lb/bu).

?The2024/2025exportsampleshadastandarddeviation(0.62lb/bu)similarto2023/2024(0.71lb/bu),2022/2023(0.63lb/bu),the5YA(0.71lb/bu)andthe10YA(0.69lb/bu).

?Testweightfor100.0%ofthe2024/2025sampleswasatorabovetheminimumforU.S.No.1grade(56.0lb/bu).

TESTWEIGHT(lb/bu&kg/hl)

U.S.AggregateResultsSummary

58.1

(74.8)

58.0

(74.6)

57.9

(74.5)

57.7

58.3(75.0)

57.6

(74.2)

(74.2)

56.6(72.9)

MY19/20MY20/21MY21/22MY22/23MY23/24MY24/255YA

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QUALITYTESTRESULTS

?AverageU.S.Aggregatetestweightatexport(58.3lb/bu)waslowerthanthe2024

harvest(58.9lb/buor75.8kg/hl).Theaveragetestweightatexporthasbeen

consistentlylowerthanatharvest,asindicatedbytheexport5YAand10YA(57.6and57.5lb/bu,respectively)comparedtotheharvest5YAand10YA(both58.2lb/bu).

?Thevariabilityofthetestweightinthe2024/2025exportsamplesasmeasuredbythestandarddeviation(0.62lb/bu)waslessthanthatofthe2024harvestsamples(1.27lb/bu).Ascorniscommingledmovingthroughthemarketingchannel,test

weightbecomesmoreuniform,withalowerstandarddeviationandarangebetweenmaximumandminimumvaluesthatislessthanatharvest.

?Theaveragetestweightfor

thePacificNorthwestECATESTWEIGHT(lb/bu&kg/hl)

(57.2lb/bu)waslowerthanfor2024/2025AveragebyExportCatchmentAreatheSouthernRail(58.2lb/bu)

andtheGulf(58.7lb/bu).

TheaveragetestweightforPacific

hasconsistentlybeenlower(73.6)

thePacificNorthwestECANorthwest57.2

f,er(..)(..)

?U.S.AggregatetestweightinSoielrn

samplesloadedasGradeNo.2orGulf

No.2orbetteraveraged58.3lb/buwhilethoseloadedasGradeNo.3orNo.3orbetteraveraged58.5lb/bu.

TESTWEIGHT(lb/bu&kg/hl)

PercentofSamplesbyMarketingYear

nMY22/23nMY23/24nMY24/25

69.6

65.3

59.1

30.4

34.2

26.5

6.8

8.2

0.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.0

U.S.No.4,5

U.S.No.3

U.S.No.2

U.S.No.1

orSampleGrade

52.0-53.9

54.0-55.9

56.0-57.9

≥58.0

<52.0

(66.9-69.4)

(69.5-72.0)

(72.1-74.6)

(≥74.7)

(<66.9)

2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport?9

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QUALITYTESTRESULTS

10?2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport

BROKENCORNANDFOREIGNMATERIAL

BCFMisanindicatoroftheamountofclean,soundcornavailableforfeedingand

processing.ThelowerthepercentageofBCFM,thelessforeignmaterialorfewerbrokenkernelsareinthesample.Ascornmovesfromfarmdeliveriesthroughthemarketing

channel,eachimpactonthegrainduringhandlingandtransportingincreasestheamountofbrokencorn.Asaresult,theaverageBCFMinmostshipmentsofcornwillbehigherattheexportpointthanindeliveriesfromthefarmtothelocalelevator.

Brokencorn(BC)isdefinedascornandanyothermaterial(suchasweedseeds)smallenoughtopassthrougha12/64th-inchround-holesievebuttoolargetopassthrougha

6/64th-inchround-holesieve.Foreignmaterial(FM)isdefinedasanynon-cornmaterial

toolargetopassthrougha12/64th-inchround-holesieve,aswellasallfinematerialsmallenoughtopassthrougha6/64th-inchround-holesieve.

RESULTS

?AverageU.S.AggregateBCFMinexportsamples(2.5%)wasthesameas

2023/2024,butlowerthan2022/2023(2.7%),the5YA(2.7%)andthe10YA(2.8%).ItwasalsobelowtheU.S.No.2gradelimit(3.0%).

?Thevariabilityofthe2024/2025exportsamples(withastandarddeviationof0.60%)wassimilarto2023/2024(0.61%),the5YA(0.55%)and10YA(0.55%).Therangeinvalues(4.9%)washigherthan2023/2024(3.8%)and2022/2023(3.1%).

?BCFMinthe2024/2025exportsampleswasdistributedwith88.5%ofthesamplesatorbelowthelimitforU.S.No.2grade(3.0%),and99.5%atorbelowthelimitforU.S.No.3grade(4.0%).

BCFM(%)

U.S.AggregateResultsSummary

3.1

2.9

2.7

2.72.52.5

2.6

MY19/20MY20/21MY21/22MY22/23MY23/24MY24/255YA

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QUALITYTESTRESULTS

2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport?11

?AverageU.S.AggregateBCFMatexport(2.5%)was1.9percentagepointshigherthanatharvest

(0.6%).Boththe5YAand10YA

hadasimilar1.9to2.0percentagepointincreasebetweenharvest

andexport.ThisincreaseinBCFMatexportislikelyduetohigher

brokencornasaresultofartificialdryingandadditionalimpacts

causedbyconveyingandhandlingequipmentasthecornmoves

throughthemarketchannel.

?AverageBCFMintheSouthernRailECA(1.7%)waslower

thantheGulf(2.7%)andPacific

NorthwestECAs(2.8%).AverageBCFMfortheSouthernRailhasalsobeenlowestamongthe

ECAsforthepreviousfouryears,the5YAandthe10YA.

?U.S.AggregateBCFMinsamples

loadedasGradeNo.2orNo.2

orbetteraveraged2.4%while

thoseloadedasGradeNo.3or

No.3orbetteraveraged2.8%.

BCFM(%)

FM

BC

BrokenCornandForeignMaterialMeasuredasPercentbyWeight

SieveSize

12/64inches(0.476cm)

SieveSize6/64inches(0.238cm)

FM

BCFM(%)

2024/2025AveragebyExportCatchmentArea

Pacific

Northwest

2.8

2.7

1.7

SouthernRail

Gulf

BCFM(%)

PercentofSamplesbyMarketingYear

nMY22/23nMY23/24nMY24/25

75.8

62.6

57.0

28.618.9

25.9

11.0

0.20.20.00.00.2

0.0

14.25.3

U.S.No.1

≤2.0

U.S.No.2

2.1-3.0

U.S.No.3

3.1-4.0

U.S.No.4

4.1-5.0

U.S.No.5>5.0

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QUALITYTESTRESULTS

12?2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport

TOTALDAMAGE

Totaldamageisthepercentofkernelsandpiecesofkernelsthatarevisuallydamagedinsomeway,includingdamagefrommold,frost,insects,sprouting,disease,weather,ground,germandheat.Mostofthesetypesofdamageresultinsomediscolorationorchange

inkerneltexture.However,damagedoesnotincludebrokenpiecesofgrainthatareotherwisenormalinappearance.

Molddamageisusuallyassociatedwithhighermoisturecontentandwarmtemperaturesduringthegrowingseasonorduringstorage.Severalfieldmolds,suchasDiplodia,

Aspergillus,FusariumandGibberella,canleadtomold-damagedkernelsduringthegrowingseasoniftheweatherconditionsareconducivetotheirdevelopment.Whilesomefungithatproducemolddamagecanalsoproducemycotoxins,notallfungiproducemycotoxins.Thechanceofmolddecreasesascornisdriedandcooledtolowertemperatures.

RESULTS

?AverageU.S.Aggregatetotaldamage(1.8%)washigherthan2023/2024(1.7%),

butlowerthan2022/2023(2.3%),the5YAandthe10YA(both2.2%).ItwasalsowellbelowthelimitforU.S.No.1gradecorn(3.0%).

?Variabilityinthe2024/2025samples,asindicatedbythestandarddeviation(0.68%),waslowerthan2023/2024(0.86%),2022/2023(1.53%),the5YA(1.07%)andthe

10YA(0.88%).The2024/2025samplerange(0.2to7.9%)waslessthan2023/2024(0.1to11.1%)and2022/2023(0.2to31.1%).

TOTALDAMAGE(%)

U.S.AggregateResultsSummary

2.8

2.2

2.32.2

2.0

1.71.8

MY19/20MY20/21MY21/22MY22/23MY23/24MY24/255YA

U.S.GRAINS

COUNCIL

QUALITYTESTRESULTS

2024/2025CornExportCargoQualityReport?13

?Oftheexportsamples,92.0%had3.0%orlessdamagedkernels,meetingtheU.S.No.1grade.Inaddition,99.3%wereatorbelowthelimitforU.S.No.2grade(5.0%).

?Theaverageleveloftotaldamageinthemarketingchannelatexport(1.8%)

washigherthanatharvest(1.1%).Totaldamagetypicallyincreasesbetween

harvestandexport.The