2021-2022學(xué)年山東省淄博市高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）（不含聽(tīng)力音頻）

2021-2022學(xué)年山東省淄博市高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whenwillthemanhavedinnertomorrow?A.At6o’clockB.At8o’clock.C.At10o’clock.2.WhichyearofcollegeisWilliamin?A.Thesecondyear.B.Thethirdyear.C.Thefourthyear.3.WhyisSamgoingtoVietnam?A.Totravelaround.B.Togoonbusiness.C.Totakesomephotographs.4.Whathashappenedtothewoman?A.Shegotlockedout.B.Shelostherkey.C.Shewenttothewrongroom.5.WhydidNancyprobablycatsolittleatlunch?A.Shewasfull.B.Thefoodtastedhorrible.C.Shehadatoothache.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdidthewomanlose?A.Somepapers.B.Acomputer.C.Apurse.7.Whatisthetotalworthofthewoman’slostthings?A.￡40.B.￡65.C.￡90.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhyisSusansoupset?A.Herfiendshavenotimetopractice.B.Herconcertisgoingtobecanceled.C.Herinjurymayaffectherconcert.9.WhatdoesSusansayaboutJim?A.Heisnotreliable.B.Heisunfitforthetask.C.Heistoobusytocome.10.HowdoesSusandecidetosolvetheproblem?A.ByaskingJimforhelp.B.Byplayingtheviolinherself.C.Bypracticingmorebeforetheconcert.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11和第12題。11.Whatdidthewomanfindattheofficeinthemorning?A.Shecouldn’tconnecttotheInternet.B.Theairconditionerdidn’twork.C.Theofficewasn’tclean.12.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Poorlifequality.B.Poorcustomerservice.C.Poorworkingenvironment.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.HowfarisitfromtheairporttoMiltonexactly?A.140miles.B.147miles.C.150miles.14.Whydoesthemannotwanttorentacar?A.Itcostsalot.B.Hecan’tdrive.C.Hedoesn’twanttodrive.15.Whatistheadvantageoftheshuttle?A.It’sthecheapest.B.Itinvolveshotelbooking.C.Itprovidesdoor-to-doorservice.16.HowmanywaysaretheretogettoMilton?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.HowisSallygoingtoleadthetour?A.Bybus.B.Bybike.C.Onfoot.18.Whatdidthelocalpeoplewanttousethelandfor?A.Housing.B.Outdooractivities.C.Anindoorsportsbuilding.19.Whereistherosegarden?A.Inthewestoftheformalgardens.B.Intheeastoftheformalgardens.C.Inthenorthoftheformalgardens.20.Whatisthenaturalreserveusedfortheleast?A.Cycling.B.Observingplants.C.Havingoutdoorclasses.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWithholidaygreenery,colorfullights,andoutdoorfunlikeiceskating,wintercanbeamagicalseason.Whetherlookingforwardtoskiingorsnowboardingorhopingtoescapetowarmerclimates,youcanhaveagoodchoiceamongthetopEastCoastwinterdestinationswerecommendhere.StoweHeadtothetown,knownastheSkiCapitaloftheEast,forskiingandotherwinteractivities.YoucanalsochooseacarridetothepeakbeforediningontypicalAmericanfoods.Takeabreakandenjoysweettreatsorbeerproducedhere.Needasouvenir?StopintoStoweMapleProductsforit.KennebunkportItisperfectforaromanticoradventure-packedweekendtrip.InDecember,thetownhostsan11-dayChristmasPre-celebration,completewithafantasticholidaytree.YoucanvisitthePortlandMuseumofArt.MiamiLookingforanurbanbeachtrip?HeadtoMiami,wheretheweatheriswarmandthecityofferseverythingfromsandybeaches,eye-poppingarchitecturetothenationalpark.Youcanhikeorwalkthroughmangroves(紅樹(shù)林)tospotlocalwildlifelikesealsanddolphins.LakePlacidHostofthe1931and1980WinterOlympics,thisclassicalvillageisstillacenterforwintersports.Therearephotographsandmedalsfromthecity’sgames.EnjoydinnerwithaviewofthelakeattheTopofthePark,whichservessmallplatesaswellasmaindishes.Aftermakingyourchoice,pleaseclickheretofillintheformandwe’llofferyouthebestplanforyourdreamyholiday.1.WhichdestinationshowsafestivalatmosphereinDecember?A.Stowe,Vermont. B.C.Miami,Florida. D.2.WhowillbemostprobablyattractedtovisitMiami?A.Naturelovers. B.Drivingenthusiasts,C.Skiers. D.Athletes.3.WhatisthespecialfeatureofLakePlacid,A.Itsclassicalvillage. B.Itsdinnerswithvariousdishes.C.Itsgoodviewofthelake. D.Itsfameforhostingworldgames.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要推薦了幾個(gè)冬季旅行目的地的基本情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Kennebunkport,Maine部分“InDecember,thetownhostsan11-dayChristmasPre-celebration,completewithafantasticholidaytree.”（12月，該鎮(zhèn)將舉辦為期11天的圣誕節(jié)前慶?；顒?dòng)，并配有一棵奇妙的圣誕樹(shù)。）可知，在緬因州的Kennebunkport,12月有圣誕節(jié)前慶?；顒?dòng)，并配有奇妙的圣誕樹(shù)，有節(jié)日氣氛。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Miami,Florida部分“Youcanhikeorwalkthroughmangroves(紅樹(shù)林)tospotlocalwildlifelikesealsanddolphins.”（你可以徒步或步行穿過(guò)紅樹(shù)林，看到當(dāng)?shù)氐囊吧鷦?dòng)物，如海豹和海豚。）可知，在邁阿密可以享受自然風(fēng)光，所以自然愛(ài)好者可能會(huì)被邁阿密吸引。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LakePlacid,NY部分“Hostofthe1931and1980WinterOlympics,thisclassicalvillageisstillacenterforwintersports.Therearephotographsandmedalsfromthecity’sgames.”（作為1931年和1980年冬奧會(huì)的東道主，這個(gè)經(jīng)典的村莊仍然是冬季運(yùn)動(dòng)的中心。這里有該市奧運(yùn)會(huì)的照片和獎(jiǎng)牌。）可知，紐約的LakePlacid因主辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)而聞名，奧運(yùn)會(huì)是世界性運(yùn)動(dòng)，即它因舉辦世界性運(yùn)動(dòng)聞名。故選D項(xiàng)。BTheAfricanBushElephantcanweighupto5.5tons,makingitoneofthelargestmammals(哺乳動(dòng)物)alive.Itisonlysecondtothegiraffeintermsofheight!Previouslythoughttoexistasonespecies,boththeAfricanBushElephantandAfricanForestElephantwerediscoveredtobetwodifferentsubspecies.Basically,theybothhaveverybigears.But,theBushElephantislargerandhasalightercolorandoutwardcurving(彎曲)longteeth,whereastheForestElephantissmaller,verydarkandhasdownwardfacingstraightteeth.TheAfricanBushElephant’shabitatisgivenawaybyitsname—intheAfricanBush!ThisincludesgrasslandsandprimaryforestwithinCentralandSouthernAfrica.TheselocationsareperfectareasfortheAfricanBushElephanttofindfood.AnidealmealfortheAfricanBushElephantconsistsofplentyofgrass,fruits,androots.Theirteethcanbeusedfordigging.Allelephantsaresocialandliveinsocieties.Thismeansthattheyareledbyanolder,moreexperiencedfemale,andfemalessticktogether.Asmigrantanimals,theyareconstantlytravellingtogethertosearchforfoodandkeeptheiryoungsafe.Althoughpopulationlevelsarerecovering,AfricanBushElephantsfacemanythreats.Similartootherspecies,lossoflandreducestheavailabilityoffoodandwater,meaningtheyhavetotravelfurther.What’sworse,somewon’tsurvivethejourneyiftheycrosspathswithpoachers(偷獵者).AfricanBushElephantsaren’tjustkilledfortheillegaltrade,buttheyareoftenthesufferersofconflictswithlocalpeopletoo.Tohelpthem,weneedtogivethemroomtotravel!ApossiblesolutionwouldbetoprovidewildliferoadsthatallowtheAfricanBushElephanttotravelwithoutcomingintoconflictwithpeople.TheAfricanWildlifeFoundationcombinesgovernmentsandcommunitiesinAfricaandworkstosetlandasideforthispurpose.Similarly,educationthatencouragespeopletounderstandtheAfricanBushElephantcanchangeawarenessandreducelocalhuntingpressure.4.WhichisthepictureofanAfricanForestElephant?A. B. C. D.5.WherecanyoufindanAfricanBushElephant?A.MountainsinAfrica.B.ForestsinWesternAfrica.C.GrasslandsinCentralAfrica.D.DesertareasinSouthernAfrica.6.What’sthemainthreattotheAfricanBushElephants?A.Lackofleadingfemaleelephants.B.Developmentofthetrade.C.Lowlevelofsocialization.D.Worselivingconditions.7.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thispurpose"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Providingpassageways. B.Travellingfurther.C.Fightingwithothers. D.Educatingpeople.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A【解析】【分析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了非洲叢林象的外貌特征、生活習(xí)性及生存面臨的威脅，并提出了相應(yīng)的措施。4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段關(guān)鍵句“Basically,theybothhaveverybigears.But,theBushElephantislargerandhasalightercolorandoutwardcurvinglongteeth,whereastheForestElephantissmaller,verydarkandhasdownwardfacingstraightteeth.”(基本上，它們的耳朵都很大。但是，叢林象體型較大，顏色較淺，長(zhǎng)牙齒向外彎曲，而森林象體型較小，非常黑，有向下的直齒。)觀察四幅圖可知，B圖中大象有大耳朵，且顏色深，有向下的直齒，為森林象。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段關(guān)鍵句“TheAfricanBushElephant’shabitatisgivenawaybyitsname—intheAfricanBush!ThisincludesgrasslandsandprimaryforestwithinCentralandSouthernAfrica.”(非洲叢林象的棲息地是由它的名字給出的——非洲叢林！這包括非洲中部和南部的草原和原始森林。)可知，我們可以在非洲中部的草原找到非洲叢林象。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Similartootherspecies,lossoflandreducestheavailabilityoffoodandwater,meaningtheyhavetotravelfurther.What’sworse,somewon’tsurvivethejourneyiftheycrosspathswithpoachers.AfricanBushElephantsaren’tjustkilledfortheillegaltrade,buttheyareoftenthesufferersofconflictswithlocalpeopletoo.”(與其他物種相似，土地的流失減少了食物和水的可用性，這意味著它們必須走得更遠(yuǎn)。更糟糕的是，如果它們與偷獵者相遇，它們將無(wú)法在旅途中存活下來(lái)。非洲叢林象不僅因?yàn)榉欠ㄙQ(mào)易而被殺害，它們也常常是與當(dāng)?shù)厝藳_突的受害者。)可知，日益惡化的生存條件是非洲叢林象的主要威脅。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段關(guān)鍵句“ApossiblesolutionwouldbetoprovidewildliferoadsthatallowtheAfricanBushElephanttotravelwithoutcomingintoconflictwithpeople.TheAfricanWildlifeFoundationcombinesgovernmentsandcommunitiesinAfricaandworkstosetlandasideforthispurpose.”(一個(gè)可能的解決方案是為野生動(dòng)物提供道路，讓非洲叢林象在不與人類發(fā)生沖突的情況下旅行。非洲野生動(dòng)物基金會(huì)聯(lián)合了非洲的政府和社區(qū)，并致力于為此目的留出土地。)可知，此目的指的是給非洲叢林象提供旅行通道。故選A項(xiàng)。CImagineaworldwherephotographyisaslowprocessthatisimpossibletomasterwithoutyearsofstudy.Suchaworldexistedin1973,whenStevenSasson,ayoungengineer,wenttoworkforEastmanKodakcompany.SoonafterarrivingatKodak,Mr.Sassonwasgivenatask—toseewhethertherewasanypracticaluseforachargedcoupleddevice(C.C.D.),whichconsistedofasensor(傳感器)thattookanincominglightandtransformeditintoanelectricalsignal.Mr.Sassonwantedtocaptureanimagewithit,buttheC.C.D.couldn’tholditbecausetheelectricalpulses(脈沖)quicklydisappeared.Tostoretheimage,hedecidedtousedigitalization,turningtheelectronicpulsesintonumbers,Butthatsolutionledtoanotherchallenge—storingitonRAMmemory,thengettingitontodigitaltape.Healsoneededtoinventaplaybacksystemthatwouldtakethedigitalinformationonthetapeandtumitinto“somethingthatyoucouldsee”onatelevisionset:adigitalimage.Itwasaphotographicsystemofanall-electroniccamerathatdidn’tusefilmanddidn’tusepaper,andnoconsumables(消耗品)atallinthecapturinganddisplayofstillphotographicimages.Thecameraandtheplaybacksystemwerethebeginningofthedigitalphotographyage.ButthedigitalrevolutiondidnotcomeeasilyatKodak.Themainobjectionscamefromthemarketingandbusinesssides.Kodak’smarketingdepartmentwasnotinterestedinit,Mr,Sassonwastoldtheycouldsellthecamera,butwouldn’t—becauseitwouldcatawayatthecompany’sfilmsales,ThoughKodakdideventuallymarketbothprofessionalandconsumercameras,itwastoolate,Mr,Sassonsaid,“Itwasjustamatteroftime,andyetKodakdidn’treallyembraceanyofit.”8.WhatcantheC.C.D.beusedfor?A.Collectinglight.B.Capturingpictures.C.Changinglightintoelectronicsignals.D.StoringimagesintheRAM.9.Whydoestheauthorcallthephotographicsystemarevolution?A.Itcreatesanageofpaperlessoffice.B.Itdevelopsabetterwayofusingfilms.C.Itinventsanewwaytostoredigitalinformation.D.Itchangesthewayhumansprocessimagesgreatly.10.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theworkingrulesoffulldigitalphotographicsystem.B.Thewaysofdevelopingatraditionalcamera.C.HowtomakefulluseoftheC.C.D.D.HowtoshowpicturesonaTVset.11.What’sKodak’sattitudetowardsMr.Sasson’sinvention?ADoubtful. B.Indifferent. C.Supportive. D.Respectful.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。Sasson先生發(fā)明了全數(shù)字?jǐn)z影系統(tǒng)，但這項(xiàng)技術(shù)對(duì)柯達(dá)公司來(lái)說(shuō)不具備吸引力?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后“whichconsistedofasensor(傳感器)thattookanincominglightandtransformeditintoanelectricalsignal.(它由一個(gè)傳感器組成，該傳感器接收入射光并將其轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號(hào))”可知，C.C.D.可以把光變成電子信號(hào)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Itwasaphotographicsystemofanall-electroniccamerathatdidn’tusefilmanddidn’tusepaper,andnoconsumables(消耗品)atallinthecapturinganddisplayofstillphotographicimages.(這是一個(gè)全電子相機(jī)的攝影系統(tǒng)，它不使用膠片，也不使用紙張，在拍攝和顯示靜止的攝影圖像時(shí)根本沒(méi)有耗材)”可知，photographicsystem(攝影系統(tǒng))極大地改變了圖像處理的方式。故選D。【10題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Mr.Sassonwantedtocaptureanimagewithit,buttheC.C.D.couldn’tholditbecausetheelectricalpulses(脈沖)quicklydisappeared.Tostoretheimage,hedecidedtousedigitalization,turningtheelectronicpulsesintonumbers,Butthatsolutionledtoanotherchallenge—storingitonRAMmemory,thengettingitontodigitaltape.Healsoneededtoinventaplaybacksystemthatwouldtakethedigitalinformationonthetapeandtumitinto“somethingthatyoucouldsee”onatelevisionset:adigitalimage.(薩森先生想用它來(lái)捕捉圖像，但ccd無(wú)法保持它，因?yàn)殡娒}沖很快就消失了。為了存儲(chǔ)圖像，他決定使用數(shù)字化技術(shù)，將電子脈沖轉(zhuǎn)化為數(shù)字。但這個(gè)解決方案帶來(lái)了另一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)——將圖像存儲(chǔ)在RAM內(nèi)存中，然后將其存儲(chǔ)在數(shù)字磁帶上。他還需要發(fā)明一種回放系統(tǒng)，可以將磁帶上的數(shù)字信息轉(zhuǎn)換成“你能在電視機(jī)上看到的東西”:數(shù)字圖像)”可知，本段主要對(duì)全數(shù)字?jǐn)z影系統(tǒng)的工作原理進(jìn)行了講解。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Themainobjectionscamefromthemarketingandbusinesssides.Kodak’smarketingdepartmentwasnotinterestedinit(主要反對(duì)意見(jiàn)來(lái)自營(yíng)銷和商業(yè)方面?？逻_(dá)的營(yíng)銷部門對(duì)此不感興趣)”可知，柯達(dá)對(duì)于Sasson的發(fā)明很冷漠。故選B。【點(diǎn)睛】DInrecentyears,scientistshavefoundasurprisingphenomenon:Inmanyculturesaroundtheworld,parentsdon’tstruggletoraisehelpful,kindkids.Fromages2to18,kidswanttohelptheirfamilies.Theywakeupinthemorning,voluntarilydothedishes,hopofftheirbikestohelptheirdadcarrygroceriesintothehouseandwhensomebodyhandsthemacake,theyshareitwithayoungersisterorbrotherbeforetakingabitethemselves.Youcanfindthesecharitablekidsamongfarmers,huntersandfishermen,Duringthepastfouryears,I’vebeeninterestedinlearningwhataretheseparentsdoingtonurturesuchhelpfulnessintheirkids?Whiledoingtheresearch,Itraveledtothreeoftheworld’smosthonoredcultures—theMaya,InuitandHadzabe,anddescribewhatIfoundinmynewbook—Hunt,Gather,Parent.Supportedbypsychologists,myresearchresultshowsthatparentsraisinghelpfulchildrenwelcomeyoungchildrenandbabiesintofamilychoresandwork—evenifthechildwillmakeabitofamessorslowdownthework,justoppositetomanyofAmericanparents.Whattheysayisthat,“Iknowtheyarenotgoingtodoagoodjob,buttocreatemoreworkforme.”Infact,turningdownhelpfromkidscanhaveabadinfluence,destroyingtheirdesiretohelpandpossiblystoptheirdesiretotakecareoftheirfamilies.“Givenrequestatanearlyage,thechildrenwouldstarttoactonwhat’sneeded,andthenthelesslikelyparentsneedtobetellingthemwhattodolater,”Lew-Levy,apsychologistinHarvardUniversity,says“Youcanpullbackontheteaching,andkidsjustdoitontheirown.”Buthowdoesaparentletayoungbabyhelpwithatasktheycan’tactuallydoyet12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“charitable”meaninparagraph1?A.Selfish. B.Dependent. C.Helpful. D.Curious.13.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheparentsraisinghelpfulchildren?A.Patientandserious. B.Open-mindedandthoughtful.C.Influentialandrisky. D.Hardworkingandadventurous.14.WhatdoLew-Levy’swordsmean?A.Childrenjustactonwhattheirparentstellthemtodo.B.Parentsshouldallowkidstodowhatevertheywant.C.Parentsareunlikelytotellchildrenwhattodoatanearlyage.D.Childrenaremorevoluntarywhengivenrequestsatayoungage.15.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowcanWeParentCaringKids?B.HowtoBeKindParents?C.TheHelpfulChildreninSomeCulturesD.TheGrowingExperiencesofHelpfulChildren【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了在某些文化中，孩子都樂(lè)于助人，作者就其原因進(jìn)行了調(diào)查和分析?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inmanyculturesaroundtheworld,parentsdon’tstruggletoraisehelpful,kindkids.Fromages2to18,kidswanttohelptheirfamilies.Theywakeupinthemorning,voluntarilydothedishes,hopofftheirbikestohelptheirdadcarrygroceriesintothehouseandwhensomebodyhandsthemacake,theyshareitwithayoungersisterorbrotherbeforetakingabitethemselves.（在世界各地的許多文化中，父母并不需要努力培養(yǎng)樂(lè)于助人、善良的孩子。從2歲到18歲，孩子們想要幫助他們的家庭。他們?cè)缟闲褋?lái)，自愿洗碗，跳下自行車幫爸爸把雜貨搬進(jìn)屋，當(dāng)有人遞給他們蛋糕時(shí)，他們會(huì)和妹妹或弟弟分享，然后自己咬一口。）”可知，這些孩子愿意分享，樂(lè)于助人，由此推知，下文thesecharitablekids中形容詞“charitable”在本文中是指“樂(lè)于助人，慷慨大方”，和“helpful”含義相近。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“myresearchresultshowsthatparentsraisinghelpfulchildrenwelcomeyoungchildrenandbabiesintofamilychoresandwork—evenifthechildwillmakeabitofamessorslowdownthework（我的研究結(jié)果表明，養(yǎng)育樂(lè)于助人的孩子的父母歡迎年幼的孩子和嬰兒參與家庭瑣事和工作——即使孩子會(huì)弄得有點(diǎn)亂或放慢工作速度）”可推知，養(yǎng)育樂(lè)于助人的孩子的父母對(duì)孩子參與家庭瑣事和工作持開(kāi)放態(tài)度，考慮得更全面。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Lew-Levy的話“Givenrequestatanearlyage,thechildrenwouldstarttoactonwhat’sneeded,（在孩子很小的時(shí)候就對(duì)他們提出要求，他們就會(huì)開(kāi)始做需要做的事）”可知，孩子在很小的時(shí)候，如果有人提出要求，他們會(huì)更加自愿去做事情。故選D。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第一段“Inrecentyears,scientistshavefoundasurprisingphenomenon:Inmanyculturesaroundtheworld,parentsdon’tstruggletoraisehelpful,kindkids.（近年來(lái)，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)令人驚訝的現(xiàn)象：在世界各地的許多文化中，父母并不努力培養(yǎng)樂(lè)于助人、善良的孩子）”、第二段“Duringthepastfouryears,I’vebeeninterestedinlearningwhataretheseparentsdoingtonurturesuchhelpfulnessintheirkids?Whiledoingtheresearch,Itraveledtothreeoftheworld’smosthonoredcultures—theMaya,InuitandHadzabe,anddescribewhatIfoundinmynewbook—Hunt,Gather,Parent.（在過(guò)去的四年里，我一直很想知道這些父母是如何培養(yǎng)孩子的這種樂(lè)于助人的精神的?在做研究的過(guò)程中，我游歷了世界上三個(gè)最受尊敬的文化——瑪雅、因紐特和哈扎比，并在我的新書《狩獵、聚集、父母》中描述了我的發(fā)現(xiàn)）”和第三段“Supportedbypsychologists,myresearchresultshowsthatparentsraisinghelpfulchildrenwelcomeyoungchildrenandbabiesintofamilychoresandwork（在心理學(xué)家的支持下，我的研究結(jié)果表明，養(yǎng)育樂(lè)于助人的孩子的父母歡迎年幼的孩子和嬰兒參與家庭瑣事和工作）”可知，本文主要介紹了在某些文化中，孩子都樂(lè)于助人，作者就其原因進(jìn)行了調(diào)查和分析，所以“在某些文化中樂(lè)于助人的孩子”是作者研究的對(duì)象，也是文章最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thecommoncoldisavirus(病毒)thatinfluenceyournoseorthroat,passingfromonepersontoanotherbytouch.Coldsareverycommon,especiallyintheweakofpoorhealth.____16____Yetthroughself-caremeasures,youmayfeelmorecomfortableasyourbodyfightsofftheillness.Stayinghumid(濕潤(rùn)的)canhelpreplacewateryoulosefromafever.____17____Youcandrinkwater,juice,clearsoup,orevensoftdrinks.Avoidcoffee,teasandsoftdrinkswhichcancausedryandworsenyourillness.Studieshaveshownthathometreatmentofchickensoupcanlightensickness.Eatingchickensoupasyoucanmayhelpyougetoveryourcoldmorequickly.Youdon’thavetomakechickensouponyourowntogetthebenefits.____18____Throatlozenges(含片)containingsickness-preventingelementscanhelptreatasorethroat.____19____Havethroatlozengeseverytwotothreehours,oraccordingtothedoctor’sdirections.Keeptheminyourmouthuntilitiscompletelygone.Don’ttrytochewthemorswallowthemwholeinhurry.____20____Ifpossible,stayhomefromworkorschool,especiallyifyouhaveafeverorhavetakenmedicinesthatmakeyousleepy.Stayinghomecanalsoensureyouenoughrest.Takenapsduringthedayifyoucanandmakesureyougetatleasteighthoursofsleepanighttohelpyourbodyrecover.A.Thestore-bought,cannedkindworksjustaswell.B.Gettingenoughrestcanhelpyourecovermorequickly.C.Takinghomerestcanpreventyoufromgettingacold.D.Chickenisavailableonthemarketandcanbecookedathome.E.Drugsthathavesuchelementsmayalsohelptoreducephysicalpains.F.Enoughdrinkingmayhelpyoufeelbetterandgetoverthecoldmorequickly.G.Thoughthereisnoquickcureforit,mostpeoplewon’trecoverinashorttime.【答案】16.G17.F18.A19.E20.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了感冒時(shí)的自我護(hù)理措施?！?6題詳解】下文“Yetthroughself-caremeasures,youmayfeelmorecomfortableasyourbodyfightsofftheillness.(然而，通過(guò)自我護(hù)理措施，當(dāng)你的身體戰(zhàn)勝疾病時(shí)，你可能會(huì)感到更舒適)”說(shuō)明如果感冒后康復(fù)，你可能會(huì)感覺(jué)更舒適，根據(jù)句中Yet表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，空處可描述感冒的不便之處，G項(xiàng)“雖然沒(méi)有快速的治療方法，但大多數(shù)人不會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)康復(fù)。”符合題意。故選G。17題詳解】上文“Stayinghumid(濕潤(rùn)的)canhelpreplacewateryoulosefromafever.(保持潮濕有助于補(bǔ)充因發(fā)燒而流失的水分)”說(shuō)明感冒時(shí)需要補(bǔ)充水分，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“足夠的飲水可以幫助你感覺(jué)更好，更快地?cái)[脫感冒?！狈项}意。故選F?！?8題詳解】上文“Youdon’thavetomakechickensouponyourowntogetthebenefits.(你不必自己做雞湯就能得到好處)”說(shuō)明并不一定需要自己做雞湯，所以空處應(yīng)說(shuō)明買來(lái)的也可以，A項(xiàng)“商店里買的罐裝食品也同樣有效?！狈项}意。故選A?！?9題詳解】上文“Throatlozenges(含片)containingsickness-preventingelementscanhelptreatasorethroat.(含有防病成分咽喉含片有助于治療咽喉痛)”說(shuō)明含有防病成分的咽喉含片會(huì)緩解咽喉痛，E項(xiàng)“含有這些成分的藥物也有助于減輕身體疼痛?！边M(jìn)一步說(shuō)明它的作用，符合題意。故選E。【20題詳解】下文“Stayinghomecanalsoensureyouenoughrest.Takenapsduringthedayifyoucanandmakesureyougetatleasteighthoursofsleepanighttohelpyourbodyrecover.(待在家里也能保證你有足夠的休息。如果可以的話，白天小睡一會(huì)兒，確保每晚至少睡8小時(shí)，以幫助身體恢復(fù))”說(shuō)明待在家里能夠保證你有足夠的休息，幫助身體恢復(fù)。由此可知，本段主要說(shuō)明感冒時(shí)充分休息能夠幫助恢復(fù)，B項(xiàng)“充分休息可以幫助你更快地恢復(fù)。”符合題意。故選B。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Avolunteer’ssmileisBeijing’sbestbusinesscard.Thisisatraditiondeeply____21____inthemindofZengZiyi,whowasaprimarystudentin2008whenBeijing____22____itsfirstSummerOlympics.Now,she’sa____23____fortheWinterOlympics.Zeng,anativeofChongqing,hasbeen____24____Russianforfiveyearsandisachievinghermaster’s____25____attheBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity.AsvolunteersofferinglanguageTheBeijing2022WinterOlympicsisunder____29____management,includingthetestseries.Volunteersalsoneedto____30____therulesandhavefixedroutesbetweenhotelsandgyms.Zenggetsanucleicacid(核酸)testeverydayandamaskis____31____duringvolunteeringtime,exceptmealbreaks.Ifshechangesherwork____32____,shewillhaveacompletecleaning.“Ourvolunteerteamislikeawarmandbigfamilyaswealwayshelpeachother,”Zengsaid.IamhappytobeavolunteerbecauseIcantake____33____ofmyknowledgetohelpotherswhile____34____newknowledgeandmakingfriendsduringvolunteering.Volunteeringinspiresmetobe____35____andachievehappiness.”21.A.created B.rooted C.started D.hidden22.A.requested B.managed C.celebrated D.hosted23.A.volunteer B.leader C.judge D.reporter24.A.designing B.collecting C.studying D.writing25.A.scholarship B.degree C.reward D.prize.26.A.experiences B.problems C.points D.services27.A.provide B.express C.support D.retell28.A.practice B.qualification C.process D.style29.A.serious B.busy C.kind D.strict30.A.establish B.follow C.adopt D.notice31.A.required B.mixed C.formed D.included32.A.situation B.choice C.position D.movement33.A.charge B.care C.notes D.advantage34.A.developing B.gaining C.understanding D.organizing35.A.responsible B.fashionable C.acceptable D.humorous【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.D27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.C33.D34.B35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了曾子怡從事冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)志愿者的經(jīng)歷，介紹了她的工作內(nèi)容以及對(duì)志愿活動(dòng)的看法。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是曾子怡心中根深蒂固的傳統(tǒng)，2008年北京舉辦第一屆夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)時(shí)，她還是一名小學(xué)生。A.created創(chuàng)造；B.rooted扎根；C.started開(kāi)始；D.hidden隱藏。根據(jù)上文“Thisisatraditiondeeply”可知，指?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)扎根于曾的心中，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是曾子怡心中根深蒂固的傳統(tǒng)，2008年北京舉辦第一屆夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)時(shí)，她還是一名小學(xué)生。A.requested要求；B.managed管理；C.celebrated慶祝；D.hosted舉辦。根據(jù)后文“itsfirstSummerOlympics”可知，此處指北京舉辦夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，她是冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的志愿者。A.volunteer志愿者；B.leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；C.judge法官；D.reporter記者。根據(jù)后文“Asvolunteersofferinglanguage”可知，她是冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的志愿者。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：曾是重慶人，已經(jīng)學(xué)了五年俄語(yǔ)，目前正在北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)攻讀碩士學(xué)位。A.designing設(shè)計(jì)；B.collecting收集；C.studying學(xué)習(xí)；D.writing寫。根據(jù)后文“Russianforfiveyears”可知，曾學(xué)了五年俄語(yǔ)。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：曾是重慶人，已經(jīng)學(xué)了五年俄語(yǔ)，目前正在北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)攻讀碩士學(xué)位。A.scholarship獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金；B.degree學(xué)位；C.reward回報(bào)；D.prize獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。根據(jù)上文“isachievinghermaster’s”可知，指曾正在北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)攻讀碩士學(xué)位。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名提供語(yǔ)言服務(wù)的志愿者，曾和她的隊(duì)友們主要在采訪區(qū)為外國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員提供翻譯服務(wù)，或者在頒獎(jiǎng)儀式前為獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呓忉岊C獎(jiǎng)過(guò)程。A.experiences經(jīng)歷；B.problems問(wèn)題；C.points要點(diǎn)；D.services服務(wù)。根據(jù)上文“Asvolunteersofferinglanguage”可知，指曾作為志愿者，提供語(yǔ)言服務(wù)。故選D。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名提供語(yǔ)言服務(wù)的志愿者，曾和她的隊(duì)友們主要在采訪區(qū)為外國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員提供翻譯服務(wù)，或者在頒獎(jiǎng)儀式前為獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呓忉岊C獎(jiǎng)過(guò)程。A.provide提供；B.express表達(dá)；C.support支持；D.retell復(fù)述。根據(jù)后文“translationsforforeignathletesintheinterviewzone”可知，曾和她的隊(duì)友們主要在采訪區(qū)為外國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員提供翻譯服務(wù)，故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名提供語(yǔ)言服務(wù)的志愿者，曾和她的隊(duì)友們主要在采訪區(qū)為外國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員提供翻譯服務(wù)，或者在頒獎(jiǎng)儀式前為獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呓忉岊C獎(jiǎng)過(guò)程。A.practice練習(xí)；B.qualification資格；C.process過(guò)程；D.style風(fēng)格。根據(jù)后文“formedalwinnersaheadoftheawardingcelebration”可知，曾和隊(duì)友們要在頒獎(jiǎng)儀式前為獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呓忉岊C獎(jiǎng)過(guò)程。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：北京2022年冬奧會(huì)在嚴(yán)格的管理下，包括測(cè)試系列。A.serious嚴(yán)肅的；B.busy忙碌的；C.kind善良的；D.strict嚴(yán)格的。根據(jù)上文“TheBeijing2022WinterOlympicsisunder”以及常識(shí)，北京2022年冬奧會(huì)在嚴(yán)格的管理下，故選D。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：志愿者還需要遵守規(guī)則，在酒店和體育館之間有固定的路線。A.establish建立；B.follow跟隨，遵守；C.adopt采用；D.notice通知。根據(jù)后文“therules”可知，指志愿者要遵守規(guī)則。故選B。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：曾每天都要做核酸檢測(cè)，除了午休時(shí)間，在志愿者活動(dòng)期間都要戴口罩。A.required需要；B.mixed混合；C.formed形成；D.included包含。根據(jù)上文“amaskis”可知，志愿者活動(dòng)期間都要戴口罩。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果她換了工作崗位，就要大掃除。A.situation情況；B.choice選擇；C.position位置；D.movement移動(dòng)。根據(jù)上文“shechangesherwork”可知，指更換工作崗位，應(yīng)用position。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我很高興成為一名志愿者，因?yàn)槲铱梢岳梦业闹R(shí)幫助別人，同時(shí)獲得新的知識(shí)和結(jié)交朋友在志愿服務(wù)。A.charge負(fù)責(zé)；B.care關(guān)心；C.notes筆記；D.advantage優(yōu)勢(shì)。根據(jù)后文“ofmyknowledgetohelpothers”可知，指利用知識(shí)幫助別人，固定短語(yǔ)takeadvantageof“利用……”。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我很高興成為一名志愿者，因?yàn)槲铱梢岳梦业闹R(shí)幫助別人，同時(shí)獲得新的知識(shí)和結(jié)交朋友在志愿服務(wù)。A.developing發(fā)展；B.gaining獲得；C.understanding理解；D.organizing組織。根據(jù)后文“newknowledge”可知，指獲得新知識(shí)。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：志愿活動(dòng)激勵(lì)我負(fù)責(zé)任，獲得幸福。A.responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；B.fashionable時(shí)尚的；C.acceptable可接受的；D.humorous幽默的。根據(jù)上文描述可知，做志愿者要幫助他人，為他人負(fù)責(zé)。故選A。第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ArmenianmusicianAstridPoghosyan,a28-year-oldviolinist,____36____(current)worksasaleadingassistanttothepresidentoftheShanghaiSymphonyOrchestra,acelebratedorchestrainChina’slargestcity.ShetakesgreatprideintheChinesenameshepicksfor____37____(her),MaXingxing.Thegivenname“Xingxing”literallymeaningstars____38____(inspire)byherArmenianfirstname,whilethesurname“Ma”istakenfromMaChao,afamouswarriorfromChina’sThreeKingdomsPeriod(220-280AD),Thissummer,shehasbeenbusymaking____39____(preparation)foraseriesofin-personandonlinemusiceventsandculturalexchangeprograms,____40____(include)amusicfestivalinShanghaiandalive-streamedinternationalviolincontest.Shealwaysputsallherenergyintotheprogramsin____41____sheisinvolved,whethertheyareoffline____42____onlineevents,asshebelievesth