《新大學(xué)英語跨文化交際閱讀教程》課件-B3U4 Intercultural conflict

InterculturalConflictInterculturalConflictInterculturalConflictUnit4目錄1Understandwhatconflictisandwhatinterculturalconflictis234GainabetterunderstandingofdifferentattitudesandbeliefspeopleofdifferentculturesholdtowardsconflictorinterculturalconflictIdentifythecausesandtypesofconflictsinagiveninterculturalsituationManageinterculturalconflictseffectivelyObjectivesUnit1Unit4CONTENTS1Lead-inScenario23UnderstandingTextAEnhancingGlocalMindsetPeriod14AssignmentLead-inScenarioLead-inScenario:HowtoHandleaConflictA.Previewthescenariobeforeclassandfinishthefollowingexercise.Describethescenarioinyourownwords.

Lead-inScenario:HowtoHandleaConflictA.Previewthescenariobeforeclassandfinishthefollowingexercise.Describethescenarioinyourownwords.Reference:ThescenarioisaboutaninterculturalconflictbetweenayoungWesternmanandanolderAsianwomanworkinginthesamecompany.Thewomanwasuncooperativebecauseshebelieved,asasenior(older)person,shewasnotrespectedenough.Theproblemwasfinallyunderstoodfromaninterculturalperspective.Lead-inScenario:HowtoHandleaConflictB.ReflectingandDiscussingInterculturaltips:Therearetwoculturalfactorsthatcausethisconflict.AccordingtoHofstede’sresearch,peoplein“l(fā)owpowerdistance”countriesemphasizeindividualabilityandcredit,equalityofrightsandrelationsamongpeople,while“highpowerdistance”countries,suchasBob,ageneralmanagerinadataprocessingcompany,washavingdifficultydealingwithaconflictbetweenJack,ayoung,ambitiousWesternmanandMing,hisco-worker,anolderAsianwoman.MinghadrecentlybecomeuncooperativeandhadmadeitcleartoBobthatshewouldnotbewillingtotraveltothecapitalwithJacktoholddiscussionswithlegislatorsaboutanewproduct.WhenBobaskedherwhattheproblemwas,hereceivednoclearexplanation.WhenheaskedJack,hehadLead-inScenario:HowtoHandleaConflictB.ReflectingandDiscussingInterculturaltips:China,JapanandKorea,emphasizestatus,experience,age,seniority,etc.,andthereisasocialdistanceamongpeopleatdifferentlevels.Therefore,inJack’sviewpoint,heandMingareequalpartnersatwork,andthereisnodifferenceinstatus.

Moreover,hehastheabilitynoinsightstooffer.Jackwasclearlyannoyed,however,thatMingwasrefusingtoshareherdatawithhim.Thatmeanthecouldn’tmakethepresentationtothelegislatorsbecauseshehadallthekeydataonhercomputerdisks.BobrepeatedquestionstoMingbuther“problem”gotnowhere.SoBobchangedhisapproach.Hebeganexplaininghisconcerns,asamanagerandasaspokespersonforthecompany,abouttheupcomingmeetingwithlegislators.

Hisexplanationabouthispositionwasunemotional.InthatclimateMingthen

felt

shecouldexplain

herposition.Lead-inScenario:HowtoHandleaConflictB.ReflectingandDiscussingInterculturaltips:toparticipateintheprojectandmakethefinalreport.However,intheviewofMing,itisface-threateningforhertogotothecapitalwithayoungmanwhowillgiveapresentation,consideringherage,seniority,anddedicationtoherwork.Sherevealedshefeltthatasanolder,andtohermind,moreseniorperson,sheshouldnotbesenttothecapitalwithayoungeremployeewhowoulddothepresentationwiththematerialsshehadworkedhardtodevelop.Thatwoulddiminishherstatus,shefelt.Bobthenunderstoodtherootofhisheadacheandthoughthemightbewrong.Lead-inScenario:HowtoHandleaConflictB.ReflectingandDiscussingInterculturaltips:Consideringthedifferencesof“high-contextandlow-contextcultures”and“highandlowpowerdistances”,BobchangedhiscommunicationapproachbyshowinghisfullrespectandbyaskingMingtounderstandhispositionandconcern.Then,Mingsharedherthoughtwithhimopenly.AndfinallyBobfelthemightbewronginmakingthisarrangement.Lead-inScenario:HowtoHandleaConflictB.ReflectingandDiscussing1Whatistheinterculturalconflictinthisscenario?WhatwecanseefromthescenarioisthatMingbecameuncooperativeandwouldnotbewillingtotraveltothecapitalwithhercoworkertoholddiscussionswithlegislatorsaboutanewproduct.However,therealfactorliesinhighpowerdistanceorfaceconcern.Mingisfromahighpowerdistancecountryandcaresmoreaboutseniority.Whensheworksontheprojectwithajuniorcolleaguewhowouldmakeapresentationtothelegislators,shefeelshumiliated.Thatistheinterculturalconflictpoint.Lead-inScenario:HowtoHandleaConflictB.ReflectingandDiscussing2HowdidBobfinallyunderstandtherealproblemhewasfacingintheworkplace?Atfirst,BobdidnotunderstandwhatwaswrongwithJackandMing.Then,hecametorealizethattherootofthisculturalconflictisthedifferencebetweenthelowandhighpowerdistances.LaterBobchangedhiscommunicationstrategyintalkingtoMing,andhewonMing’sunderstandingandthenshetoldhimwhatreallybotheredherandwhyshewasunwillingtogotothecapitalwithJack.UnderstandingTextAUnderstandingTextAA.GlobalUnderstandingReadthetextandanswerthequestions:1.Whatisthetextabout?2.What'sthemainideaofPartII(Para.2-3)?3.What'sthemainideaofPartIII(Para.4-9)?4.What'sthemainideaofPartIV(Para.10)?UnderstandingTextAA.GlobalUnderstandingReadthetextandanswerthequestions:1.Whatisthetextabout?

Itisabouttwodifferentapproachestoresolveconflicts:workingthroughconflictsconstructivelyoravoidingconflicts.Reasonsbehindthesetwoapproachesarealsoexplored.2.What'sthemainideaofPartII(Para.2-3)?

Thispartprovidesdetailsforthefirstapproach.Thatis,conflictisviewedasbasicallygood,sodirectandproductiveattitudeisencouragedinsomeWesterncultures.UnderstandingTextAA.GlobalUnderstandingReadthetextandanswerthequestions:3.What'sthemainideaofPartIII(Para.4-9)?

Thispartelaboratesthesecondapproach.Manyculturesviewconflictasdestructive.Peopletendtoavoidconflictordealingwithconflictpeacefully.4.What'sthemainideaofPartIV(Para.10)?

Differentconflictresolutionapproachesreflectdifferentvalues.Oneisindividualisticwhiletheotherpresentsamorecollectivetendency.

B.UnderstandinginterculturalpointsUnderstandingTextASomeculturalgroupsthinkconflictisultimatelygood,andothersthinkthatitisfundamentallydestructive.Let’slookatthesetwoapproaches.?(Para.1)Interculturaltips:WhydoAsianpeopletrynottodealwiththeconflictwhenfacingit?WhydoWesternersdealwithitdirectlyandopenly?Trytofigureouttheculturalexplanationsbehindsuchdifferences.MighttheChinesetranslationofconflict“沖突”bethereason?Why?B.UnderstandingInterculturalPointsUnderstandingTextA2.

Inthisview,conflictpresentsopportunitiestoclarifyissuesinrelationships,releasetensions,andrenewrelationships.（Para.3)

Interculturaltips:

Refertothe“EnhancingGlocalMindset”sectiontoseethedefinitionofconflictandthendiscusswhyconflictisviewedasconstructive.AssociateconflictmanagementwiththemainpointdiscussedinTextA,Unit2—TheInterculturalCity:MakingtheMostofDiversity.3.Similarly,culturalgroupsinfluencedbyBuddhist,Daoist,Confucian,andShintotraditionalsotendtoavoiddirectexpressionoffeelingsandverbalaggression.?(Para.7)Interculturaltips:Theimportanceofsilenceasacommunicationtoolandtheinterpretationofsilencevaryfromculturetoculture.Inlow-contextculturesinwhichideasareencodedexplicitlyintowords,silenceoftenisinterpretedastheabsenceofcommunication.However,high-contextcultureshaveadifferentattitudetowardstheuseofsilence.B.UnderstandingInterculturalPointsUnderstandingTextAInterculturaltips:PerhapsthemostobviousexampleisJapan,althoughotherAsiancountriessharetheJapaneseattitudeaboutsilence.TheJapanesebelievethatsilenceispreferabletoconversation.B.UnderstandingInterculturalPointsUnderstandingTextAC.ComprehensionandlanguagepointsUnderstandingTextA1.Infact,manypeopleconsiderconflict-freerelationshipstobelessthanhealthyandpotentiallyproblematic.（Para.3)Infact,manypeoplethinkthatrelationshipswithoutanyconflictarenothealthyatallandarelikelytoleadtoproblems.C.ComprehensionandlanguagepointsUnderstandingTextA2.Whenconflictdoesarise,thestrongspiritualvalueofpacifismdictatesanonresistantresponse—oftenavoidance.(Para.4)Whenconflictdoesappear,thestrongbeliefofthepeace-lovingculturesdecidesthatatolerantresponse,whichoftenmeansavoidance,wouldbemade.C.ComprehensionandlanguagepointsUnderstandingTextA3....andAmishchildrenareinstructedtoturntheothercheekinanyconflictsituation...(Para.7)toturntheothercheek:todeliberatelyavoidreactinginanangryorviolentwaywhensomeonehashurtorupsetyouThissentencemeansAmishchildrenaretaughttoadoptanonresistantattitudeinanysituation,eveniftheyareirritatedorhurt.C.ComprehensionandlanguagepointsUnderstandingTextA4.ThemorecommunalapproachespousedbybothAmishandAsianculturesandbyothercollectivistgroupsismoreconcernedwithmaintainingharmonyininterpersonalrelationshipsandpreservingthedignityofothers.(Para.10)TheapproachsupportedbybothAmishandAsianculturesandbyothercollectivistgroupsismorecollaborativeanditismoreconcernedwithmaintainingharmonyininterpersonalrelationshipsandpreservingthedignityofothers,whichisatypicalreflectionofthevaluesofcollectivism.C.ComprehensionandlanguagepointsUnderstandingTextAInterculturaltips:HarmonyinrelationshipsisacentralideaofAsianculturesandothercollectivistgroups.Collectivismisatightsocialframeworkwhichemphasizescommoninterests,conformity,cooperation,andinterdependence.Itisgroup-orientedandother-oriented.Thus,harmonyinrelationshipsishighlighted.EnhancingGlocalMindsetEnhancingGlocalMindsetDifferentConceptsofConflictsA.Pleasepreviewthesectionbeforeclass.Andtrytoanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatisconflict?TypesofconflictsCultureandconflictCharacteristicsofinterculturalconflictEnhancingGlocalMindsetDifferentConceptsofConflictsA.Pleasepreviewthesectionbeforeclass.Andtrytoanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Didyoueverexperienceanyconflictsinyourlife?Trytodescribetheconflictstotheclass.

EnhancingGlocalMindsetDifferentConceptsofConflicts2.Pleasecategorizetheconflictsyoudescribedintothefollowingtablewiththereferenceofthedefinitionsinthepassage.TypesofConflictYourExperienceAffectiveConflictConflictofInterestValueConflictCognitiveConflictGoalConflictEnhancingGlocalMindsetDifferentConceptsofConflicts3.Besidestheabovementionedconflicts,doyouknowanyinterculturalconflicts?Giveexamples.EnhancingGlocalMindsetReference:AffectiveConflictCognitiveConflictValueConflictGoalConflictB.Task1Accordingtotheabovecategorizations,whichtypeofconflictdothefollowingexamplesillustrate?DifferentConceptsofConflictsAssignment

AssignmentAfterclasspleasereadTextAagain,andfinishtheexercisesinthispart.Reviewtheinterculturaltipsandlanguagepointswehavelearnedinclass.CONTENTS1InterculturalPuzzle234Comprehending&PracticingAcademicWritingFollow-upProjectPeriod2UnderstandingCulturalDiversityInterculturalPuzzle

InterculturalPuzzleHowSoonIsSoonReadtheconversationsandanswerthefollowingquestion:1.(onthephone)A:Whenwillyouarrive?Iamwaitingforyou.B:Rightaway!C:Infiveminutes.2.A:Hello!Longtimenosee.B:Yeah.Howabouthavingadinnerandtalkinafewdays?C:IsnextSaturdayOkayforyou?

InterculturalPuzzleHowSoonIsSoonQuestion:Whatarethedifferencesintheexpressionsconcerningtimeintheconversations?Reference:Cexpressestimeinadirectandexactway,whileB'sexpressionsarevagueandambiguous.InterculturalPuzzleHowSoonIsSoonInterculturaltips:

Greatdifferencesexistintimeorientationbetweencultures,whichmayleadtomisunderstandingandconflictduringcross-culturalcommunication.Chineseviewoftimebelongstopolychronictimeorientation,whichvaluesinterpersonalrelationshipand

maycompromisetimeitselfformaintainingharmoniousrelationships.Westerntimeorientationisusuallymonochronic,whichconsiderspromptnessandpunctualityakindofpolitenessandavirtueoftrustfulness.

InterculturalPuzzleHowSoonIsSoonB.Analyzetheissuesinthecase.1.DiscusswhatkindofcommunicationstylesyoucandiscoverfromtheconversationbetweenMs.GumbandMr.Li.2.WhatarethereasonsfortheconflictinMs.GumbandMr.Li’scommunication?

InterculturalPuzzleHowSoonIsSoonB.Analyzetheissuesinthecase.1.DiscusswhatkindofcommunicationstylesyoucandiscoverfromtheconversationbetweenMs.GumbandMr.Li.AmericanandChinesehavedifferentcommunicationstyles.Americanculturerequiresdirect,detailedandunambiguousspeechthatisfocusedontheprecisetransmissionofinformation.Chinesecommunicationstyleisoneinwhichthemeaningsofacommunicationmessagearefoundinthesituation.That’swhyMs.GumbneededmorepreciseinformationonthedeadlinewhileMr.Licouldn’toffersuchinformationbutonlysomevagueresponses.

InterculturalPuzzleHowSoonIsSoonB.Analyzetheissuesinthecase.2.WhatarethereasonsfortheconflictinMs.GumbandMr.Li’scommunication?Differenttimevaluesleadtothisconflict.Americantimevalueisamonochronictimepatternwhichhasnotoleranceforambiguityandpreferstomeetestablisheddeadlines.Chinesetimevalueisapolychronictimepatterninwhichpeoplearemorerelaxedabouttime.Theirexpressionsoftimeareoftenvagueandambiguous.Thedifferencesincommunicationstylesmayleadtomisunderstandingsorevenfailuresinintercultural

InterculturalPuzzleHowSoonIsSoonB.Analyzetheissuesinthecase.2.WhatarethereasonsfortheconflictinMs.GumbandMr.Li’scommunication?communication.Moreover,therecouldbeotherpersonalfactorscausingthedelaytoo,e.g.,health,family,andworkethics.Comprehending&PracticingAcademicWriting

Comprehending&PracticingAcademicWritingA.ComprehendingandReflecting(TextA)Referenceanswers:CCADBD

Comprehending&PracticingAcademicWritingA.ComprehendingandReflecting(TextB)Referenceanswers:CBBDCBComprehending&PracticingAcademicWritingB.PracticingAcademicWriting

Comprehending&PracticingAcademicWritingB.PracticingAcademicWriting

Keys:(1)Isconflictgoodorbad?(2)Whatisthebestwaytohandleconflictwhenitarises?(3)Itisagoodthing.(4)resultsinstronger,healthier,andmoresatisfyingrelationships.(5)opportunitiestoclarifyissuesinrelationships,releasetensions,andrenewrelationships.Comprehending&PracticingAcademicWritingB.PracticingAcademicWriting

Keys:(6)Itisathreattointerpersonalandcommunityharmony.(7)theyshouldadheretotheconsensusofthegroupratherthanengageinconflict.(8)maybeusedtomanageconflict.(9)maybeusedtoactontheirbehalfindealingwithconflict.UnderstandingCulturalDiversityUnderstandingCulturalDiversity

ConflictManagementStylesPreviewthetextanddiscussthefollowingquestions:1.Whatdoyouthinkarethevaluesbehindeachmanagementstyle?2.Whatwouldyoudowhenhavinganinterculturalconflictwithsomeonewhoadherestoothermanagementstyles?UnderstandingCulturalDiversityDiversityConflictManagementStylesPreviewthetextanddiscussthefollowingquestions:1.Whatdoyouthinkarethevaluesbehindeachmanagementstyle?Reference:a.Dominatingstylereflectstheindividualisticculture,whichbelievesthatonemustbemostconcernedwithpersonalachievementsandenjoyments.b.Obligingstyleshowsalowlevelofconcernforoneselfandhighconcernforothers.Itemphasizesextremeface-giving.

UnderstandingCulturalDiversityDiversityConflictManagementStylesPreviewthetextanddiscussthefollowingquestions:1.Whatdoyouthinkarethevaluesbehindeachmanagementstyle?Reference:c.Integratingstyle,avoidingstyle,andcompromisingstylehighlightcollectivism,whichemphasizesharmonybetweenrelationshipsandcollaboration.UnderstandingCulturalDiversityDiversityConflictManagementstylesPreviewthetextanddiscussthefollowingquestions:2.Whatwouldyoudowhenhavinganinterculturalconflictwithsomeonewhoadherest