第四課時動詞不定式1課件高考英語一輪復習

第四課時

不定式專題突破專題考點解讀

語態(tài)和句法功能

非謂語動詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)句法功能一般完成一般完成主語賓語表語定語狀語補語不定式todotohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√考點一

不定式作主語、賓語、表語1、不定式作主語，表具體的，一次性的或將來的動作。e.g.Topletethatbuildingintenmonthswasagreatachievement.Itisagreatachievementtopletethatbuildingintenmonths.2.不定式作賓語考點：可接“不定式”作賓語的動詞／動詞短語verbsofthinkingandfeeling:choose,decide,expect,hate,hope,intend,learn,love,mean,plan,prefer,remember,forget,like,want,wouldlike/love...verbsofsaying:agree,promise,refuse,threaten...otherverbs:happen,afford,wait...Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelp_________(shape)youryearahead.(2017·江蘇卷)

在年底對成功和失敗進行快速的回顧會有助于你下一年的發(fā)展。

賓語(to)shape在表示“希望、打算”等動詞(如hope,expect,intend,mean,want等)的過去式后，可接動詞不定式的完成式來表示沒有實現(xiàn)的動作。Iintendedtohavecalledonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.Iexpectedtohavemethimherethenightbeforeyesterday.作介詞的賓語不定式可以作介詞but和except的賓語。Theteachermadenomentsexcepttotellhimtoworkhard.Hehadnochoicebuttositthereasusual.Thereisnothingwecandobutwaitpatiently.Hiswishis_______(be)adoctorinthefuture.WhatIwanttodoincollegeis___________(improve)myEnglish.

表語3.不定式作表語tobe考點一：跟“不定式”作表語的名詞ability;attempt;chance;desire;failure;need;opportunity;refusal;wish;aim;purpose;idea;plan;decision;choice...考點二：不定式作表語時，如果前面有實義動詞do的形式(do,did,does)，作表語的不定式常省略to。(to)improve主語系動詞考點二

不定式作定語(1).作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面需有相應的介詞。

但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time，place或way時，不定式后面的介詞習慣上省去。Hehadnoplacetolive（in）.他沒有安居之所。TheBrownshaveafortablehousetolivein.(2).用不定式作定語的幾種情況:1）表將來：2）主謂關系：用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no，all，any等限定的中心詞，Hewasthebestmantodothejob.3）同位關系：常見的詞有:promise，plan,attempt，offer,decision，needrefusal,failure，ability，chance，wish,hope,warning，anxiety，eagerness，willingness，readiness等。4）動賓關系：可根據(jù)意義的不同，不定式用主動或者被動e.g.Haveyougotanythingtosend自己寄Haveyougotanythingtobesent別人寄Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.考點三

不定式作狀語(1)目的狀語：常見于：todo,inordertodo,soastodo（不用于句首），不用逗號。e.g.Shehadtoshoutto/inorderto/soastomakeherselfheard.(2)原因狀語：

多用于表示情緒或情感反應的動詞,形容詞(如glad,sorry,surprised,frightened,delighted)之后。beadj.+todoe.g.I’msorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.(3)結果狀語：常用于下列句式：so...asto,such...asto,...enoughto,too...to,onlytodo(意料之外)Theboyis___________________gotoschool.

那個男孩太小了還不能去上學。Theroomis_________________holdus.

這個房間足夠大能夠容納我們。Theyhurriedtothestation_________________thatthetrainhadleft.他們急急忙忙趕到火車站，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。Itwas____________________moveustotears.

這部電影真好，把我們感動得都流淚了。Youwouldbe______________lendmeyourbike.把自行車借給我你真得太好了。tooyoungtobigenoughtoonlytofindsuchagoodfilmastosoniceasto（4）獨立成分作狀語有些不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱為獨立成分。totellyouthetruth說實話；tobehonest：老實說；toputitsimply：簡單地說，tocutalongstoryshort：長話短說tosumup：概括地說e.g.Totellyouthetruth，Iamalittletired.考點四不定式作補語（大量的搭配掌握）1、不定式作賓補有3種情況：a．可以用帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞常用的有:advise,allow,ask,assign,cause,callon,mand,direct,drive,employ,enable,encourage,expect,force,forbid,get,inform,invite,inspire,instruct,lead,order,oblige,permit,persuade,prepare,remind,require,request,remend,send,teach,tell,tempt,urge,want,warn,wish.e.g.Weshouldn’tallowsuchthingstohappenagain.b.動詞不定式在動詞feel（一感），hear,listento（二聽），have,let,make（三讓），notice,see,watch,observe,lookat,witness（五看）(即：吾看三室兩廳一感覺)等后面的補足語中，不定式不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，必須帶to。e.g.Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsong.Shewasheard_________(sing)anEnglishsong.c.在動詞help后可以跟帶to的不定式作賓補，也可以跟不帶to的不定式作賓補。helpsb.(to)dosth.singtosing2、with/without的復合結構：with/without+賓語（名詞/代詞）+形容詞/副詞/名詞/介詞短語/todo/doing/done.e.g.

Withnothingtodointhisafternoon,Iwenttoseeafilm.3、Itissaid/reported/thought/known/believedthat…可轉化為：sb/sthbesaid/reported/known/believedtodo/tobedoing/tohavedonesth.（主補）e.g.Alittleadolescentrebellionismonlybelieved___(be)healthy.Peterisreported______(win)thesecondprizeintheswimmingpetition.Storesincoastaltownsaresaidtobedoingwellaftertheindustrialrevolution.tobetohavewon4.獨立主格結構獨立主格結構的特點是:①獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在,在句中充當狀語。②獨立主格結構中作邏輯主語的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語等是邏輯上的主動或被動關系。③獨立主格結構一般有逗號與句子分開。獨立主格結構的構成是:常見結構：邏輯主語(代詞、名詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式

邏輯主語(代詞、名詞)+形容詞/副詞/名詞/介詞短語

with/without+邏輯主語(代詞、名詞)+賓語補足語名詞(代詞)+不定式：在“名詞/代詞+動詞不定式”結構中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞如果存在著邏輯上的主謂關系，動詞不定式則用主動的形式；如果是動賓關系，則用被動形式。Manytrees,flowers,andgrass_________(plant),ournewlybuiltschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.tobeplanted“tohavedone”的用法“tohavedone”是主動語態(tài)，主要用于以下幾種情況：1.

表示動作在謂語動詞之前已經(jīng)完成當句子中需要表達某個動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前就已經(jīng)完成時，會使用

“tohavedone”。難點突破Sheappearstohavelostweight.2.用于虛擬語氣中在某些虛擬語氣的結構里，“tohavedone”

可用來表達與過去事實相反的假設。Iwouldliketohavegonetothepartylastnight,butIwastoobusy.

這里

“tohavegone”

表示本想在昨晚去參加派對，但實際上因為太忙沒去成，是與過去事實相反的假設。“tohavebeendone”的用法“tohavebeendone”

是被動語態(tài)，它主要用于以下場景：1.

表示被動動作在謂語動詞之前已經(jīng)完成當強調某個被動動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前就已經(jīng)完成時，使用

“tohavebeendone”。Theworkseemstohavebeenfinishedbythem.2.在一些固定句式中使用在某些特定的句式里，“tohavebeendone”能表達特定的語義。總結來說，“tohavedone”

強調主動完成，“tohavebeendone”強調被動完成，且兩者都突出動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。Itisestimatedtohavebeenbuilthundredsofyearsago.考向1

動詞不定式作賓語或補足語單句語法填空1.(2024年新課標高考I卷)Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays_______(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：溫室在溫暖日子里開放，利用液壓系統(tǒng)為內(nèi)部植物提供陽光和通風。usesth.todosth.為固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空處應用動詞不定式形式作賓語補足語。故填togive。togive2.(2024年全國高考甲卷)Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tend_________(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：盡管各級都有各種規(guī)模和類型的公園，但國家公園尤其吸引我們的注意，因為它們體積大，種類繁多。固定搭配：tendtodosth.，表示“傾向于做某事”，不定式作賓語，故填tocatch。tocatch重溫高考真題3.(2023·全國I卷)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether______(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill......【解析】考查非謂語動詞。decidewhethertodosth.“決定是否做某事”，用“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語，空處與后面toput并列作賓語，故填tobite。4.(2023·全國I卷)Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem___________(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)搭配allowsb.todosth.“允許某人做某事”可知，空格需用動詞不定式作賓語補足語，補足語liftout與賓語them（指代小籠包）是邏輯上的動賓關系，空格需填動詞不定式的被動式。故填tobelifted。tobitetobelifted考向2作主語或表語單句語法填空1.(2021·全國甲卷)Itispossible________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處是一個句型：Itispossibletodo...。分析句子結構可知，句首的“It”是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式。故填towalk。towalk2.(2019·全國III卷)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake______(get)there.【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我們作者還沒有到達那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺謂語，此處應填非謂語動詞，作主語代替形式主語it。故填toget。toget

3.(新課標全國Ⅰ)Ittookyearsofwork__________(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式，該句結構為Ittakes/took+時間+todosth.。toreduce

考向3作定語單句語法填空1.(2022·全國甲卷)AvisuallychallengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep__________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.【解析】考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，所填的詞作定語修飾名詞step，所以用動詞不定式，故填tojourney。tojourney2.(四川)For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething______(eat)!【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意為：25天中，她寸步不離她的孩子，甚至不去找東西吃！不定式toeat作定語，修飾前面的不定代詞something。故填toeat。toeat

考向4作狀語單句語法填空1.(2024·新課標全國II卷)ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternational__

(visibility),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed_______

(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：Edmondson說，這些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的國際知名度，并拓展資料說，游客們穿過故居花園時，常常驚訝于這兩位偉大作家之間的聯(lián)系。非謂語動詞擔當形容詞“amazed”后的原因狀語，用動詞不定式形式。故填tofind。tofind2.(2024年1月浙江高考卷)However,ifyou’reshoppingforone,buyingextra__________(benefit)frompricereductionsdoesn’tmakesense.【解析】考查非謂語動詞。空白處句子意為：然而，如果你正在為自己一人購物，僅僅為了享受價格折扣而多買是不明智的。根據(jù)句意及句子結構可知，空白處應用動詞不定式作buyingextra的目的狀語。tobenefit考向5固定搭配單句語法填空1.(2021·全國乙卷)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠足)andacmodationsaim________(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.【解析】考查非謂語動詞。aimtodosth意為“旨在做某事”，是一個固定搭配。故填tohave。tohave2.(2020·全國II卷)Thesedays,itisnotunusualfor10to12yearoldstopublishtheirownwebsitesorforsecondandthirdgraders________(begin)puterclasses.【解析】考查非謂語動詞。本題為“Itis+adj.+forsbtodosth”句式，和前面的topublish一樣，用不定式。所以填tobegin。tobegin3.(全國Ⅱ)Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely_________(bring)yourworkhome.【解析】固定表達belikelytodo...很可能做某事。故填tobring。4.(全國Ⅱ)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough_______(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.【解析】“形容詞＋enough＋動詞不定式”為常用句式。故填tocool。tobring

tocool

考點集訓Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.SuchpeopleasZhongNanshanandYuanLongpingare_______________(respect).2.Iamsorry_____________(give)yousomuchtrouble.Andthankyouforyourhelp.3.Theworkerswereforced__________(work)twentyhourseveryday.4.ThenovelI’mreadingnowissaid_____________________(publish)lastmonth.5.Sheissoshythatshedoesn’tlike____________(praise)publiclyinclass.toberespectedtohavegiventoworktohavebeenpublishedtobepraisedAChineseinkpaintingexhibition,1___________(feature)paintingscreatedbyProfessorBenoitVermanderofFudanUniversity,kickedoffonWednesdayattheuniversityinShanghai,aiming2__________(promote)culturaexchangesbetweenChinaandFrance.Thisyear3________(mark)the60thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofdiplomatictiesbetweenChinaandFrance.Theexhibitionispartoftheuniversity'scelebrationofthisspecialoccasion.Theexhibitionshowcasesmorethan60inkpaintings4________(draw)overthepastdecadebytheFrenchprofessor,whoisalsoknownasWeiMingde.AccordingtoVermander,his5_________(inspire)oftheexhibitioncamefromthepoetryofVictorSegalen(18781919),aFrenchdoctor,archaeologist,novelistandpoetknownforhisdeepconnection6__________China.II.語法填空Throughtheartworksdisplayedintheexhibition.7._____________focusondiversethemessuchasanimals.(nature)landscapesandpeonle,visitorsareabletofeeltheartist'sintimaterelationshinwithnatureanddailylifeaswellassee9______________integrationoftheWesternpositionandChineseinkpaintingskills.Vermandernotedthatheregardspaintingsasanexpressionof10______________(he)inanintertwinedwholeindailylifeanddynamiefeelings.III.語法填空：高考真題(綜合訓練)(2020年1月浙江高考）Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulationitisaging.Themedian(中位數(shù)的)ageofanAmericanin1950____(be)30todayitis41andisexpected__________(increase)to42by2050.ForJapan,the_________(number)aremorestriking22in1950,46todayand53in2050.In2015,onein12peoplearoundtheworldwereover65;by2050,itwillbeoneinsix.Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven____twofactors.Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge__________(pare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbees______(old)thanbefore.Thisis____________(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.AchildbornintheUStodayhas___veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplanaccordingly.Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould__________(place)onlongevity(長壽).Itisn’tjustthatpeopleare,onaverage,livinglonger.It’salsothattheyareonaveragehealthier_____moreproductiveforlonger.Therefore,theycanworkforlonger,consumemoreandingeneralbeaboosttotheeconomy.wastoincreasenumbersbyparedolderparticularlyabeplacedand

writing

1.(2024浙江1月)下次上課時如果你覺得有點累，記得站起來伸展身體!Ifyoufeelabittiredduringthenextclass,remembertostandupandstretchyourbody!動詞不定式助力應用文寫作書面表達句式升級:請翻譯下列各句。2.(2023全國乙)學會編制幫助我提高創(chuàng)造性和解決問題的技巧。Learningtoknithelpsmeimprovemycreativityandproblemsolvingskills.(改為不定式做主語)Tolearnknittinghelpsmetoimprovemycreativityandproblemsolvingskills.為避免頭重腳輕，常用形式主語“it”來改寫Ithelpsmetoimprovemycreativityandproblemsolvingskillstolearnknitting.3.(2023新高考)因此我想知道有沒有可能允許我們隨意選擇搭檔。Therefore,I'dliketoknowifit'spossibletoallowustochoosepartnersatwill.動詞不定式助力應用文寫作書面表達句式升級:請運用動詞不定式翻譯下列各句。4.(2022全國乙)目前,隨著智能和電腦日益普及,越來越多學生正選擇在教室之外以各種方式學英語。Currently,withtheincreasingpopularityofsmartphonesandputers,moreandmorestudentsarechoosingtolearnEnglishinvariouswaysoutsidetheclassroom.動詞不定式助力應用文寫作5.我寫信的目的是邀請你參加我們學校的英語演講比賽。ThepurposeofmywritingthisletteristoinviteyoutotakepartintheEnglishspeechcontestofourschool.用不定式做目的狀語改寫句子IamwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateintheEnglishspeechcontestofourschool.動詞不定式助力讀后續(xù)寫寫作1.(2024浙江1月)不知不覺，她找到了去圖書館或自助餐廳的路，沒有迷路。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Beforesheknewit,shehadfoundherwaytothelibraryorthecafeteriaanddidn'tgetlost.Beforeshewasawareofit,shemanagedtofindherwaytothelibraryorthecafeteriawithoutgettinglost.Assoonasshereturnedtotheconfusinglabyrinth,shestartedtoexplorethefirstfloor.用不定式改寫句子：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.(2024浙江1月)她剛一回到迷亂的迷宮，就開始探索一樓。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.(2024

浙江1月)從那時起，伊娃不再被這座建筑的大小所壓倒，而是將其視為一項需要克服的挑戰(zhàn)。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Fromthenon,Evawasnolongeroverwhelmedbythesizeofthebuildingbutregardeditasachallengetoovere.Fromthenon,Evawasnolongeroverwhelmedbythesizeofthebuilding,butregardeditasachallengethatneededtobeovere.用不定式改寫句子：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________為了豐富校園生活，你校將組織迎新年音樂會，請你寫一則通知，刊登在學校英文網(wǎng)站上內(nèi)容包括:(1)舉辦時間和地點;(2)活動的內(nèi)容;(3)活動的意義。注意(1)詞數(shù)80左右;(2)可適當添加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。用不定式寫第一段：———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————__________________________________________________________________Toenrichourlifeoncampusandspreadourtraditionalculture,anewyearconcertwillbeheldontheschoolsportsfieldnextmonth.WewillinvitetheBeijingChineseTraditionalMusicBandtogiveaperformance.Certainly,weneedourownperf