Unit1OurLivingPlanetReading語言點課件-高中英語譯林版（2020）選修第一冊

Theoceandeep

海洋深處LanguagepointsLanguagepointsPara11.thevastnessofspaceL22.advanceourundersatnding...L233.itisestimatedthat...L44.remainunshakeableL345.unusualgeologicalformationsL66.divetothebottomoftheoceanL7太空的浩瀚無垠增進對宇宙的了解據(jù)估算仍然不動搖不尋常的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造潛到海底1.Ourcuriosityaboutouterspacehasremainedunshakeable.我們對于外太空的好奇心從未動搖過。unshakeable

adj.

(abelief,feeling,oropinion)stronglyfeltandunabletobechanged

（信仰、感情、意見）不可動搖的，堅定不移的①Shehadanunshakeablefaithinhumangoodnessandnaturalhonesty.②Theyaresupportedbyanunshakeablebelief.她堅信人的本性是善良誠實的。一種不可動搖的信念支持著他們。1.unanswerable2.unbelievable3.unchangeable

4.unimaginable

5.unstoppable

6.unthinkable無可爭辯的；無法回答的令人難以置信的不可改變的難以置信的；不可想象的無法阻擋的；無法停止的難以想象的；不可思議的結(jié)構(gòu)類似的詞語aswellasinadditiontosb/sth;too

除……之外；也；還①

Heplaysclassicalmusic,aswellaspopandjazz.②

Theysellbooksaswellasnewspapers.

2.So,ifwewanttofindexcitingnewlifeformsaswellasundiscoveredandunusualgeologicalformations,theoceaniswhereweshouldalsobelooking.where引導(dǎo)的表語從句if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句他演奏流行音樂和爵士樂，同時也演奏古典音樂。他們既賣報也賣書。所以，如果我們想要發(fā)現(xiàn)令人興奮的新生命形式，以及未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的和不尋常的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造，海洋也是我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注的地方。

Sentenceanalysingforbetterunderstanding.Para1DifficultsentencesWelookupwardsandwonderwhatliesbeyondourplanet.Wesendprobesintothevastnessofspacetoexploretheunknown.Webuildspacestationstoadvanceourunderstandingoftheuniverse.Ourcuriosityaboutouterspacehasremainedunshakeable.Meanwhile,itisestimatedthatmorethaneightypercentoftheworld'soceansareunexplored.Welookupwardsandwonderwhatliesbeyondourplanet.Wesendprobesintothevastnessofspacetoexploretheunknown.Webuildspacestationstoadvanceourunderstandingoftheuniverse.Ourcuriosityaboutouterspacehasremainedunshakeable.Meanwhile,itisestimatedthatmorethaneightypercentoftheworld'soceansareunexplored.我們仰望天空，好奇在我們的星球之外有什么。我們向浩瀚的太空發(fā)射空間探測器以探索未知世界。我們建造空間站以增進對宇宙的了解。我們對太空的好奇心一直以來從未動搖。同時，

據(jù)估算，世界上超過80%的海洋還未被探索。So,ifwewanttofindexcitingnewlifeformsaswellasundiscoveredandunusualgeologicalformations,theoceaniswhereweshouldalsobelooking·Thenwhydon'twedivetothebottomofareallydeepoceanandtakealong,closelookbeneaththewavesSo,ifwewanttofindexcitingnewlifeformsaswellasundiscoveredandunusualgeologicalformations,theoceaniswhereweshouldalsobelooking·Thenwhydon'twedivetothebottomofareallydeepoceanandtakealong,closelookbeneaththewaves因此，如果我們想找到令人激動的新生物以及未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的、不同尋常的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造，海洋也是我們應(yīng)該去尋找的地方。那么，我們?yōu)槭裁床粷摰胶苌畹暮５祝L時間地、仔細地觀察海底呢LanguagepointsPara23

1.inequalmeasureL182.relysolelyontheireyesighttosurviveL223.evolvefascinatingsurvivalcharacteristicsL234.detectslightchangesinwaterpressureL255.avoidbeingcaughtL24察覺水壓的細微變化僅依靠視覺生存進化出神奇的生存特征在同樣程度上避免被捕獲1.Thefirst200metresofourdivetakesusthroughwhat

canbecalledtheopenocean,wheremostvisiblelightexists.(Para.2)我們下潛的頭200米帶我們穿過所謂的透光區(qū)，這里有大部分可見光。visibleadj.可見的，明顯的整句類型為__________，其中，__________引導(dǎo)through之后的__________，并在從句中作__________，__________引導(dǎo)____________________，并在從句中作__________，先行詞是____________________。whatwhere賓語從句主語主從復(fù)合句非限制性定語從句狀語theopenoceanPara2Difficultsentences2.Sinkingbelow200metres,weenterthetwilightzone,wherethereislittlesunlightandthusalmostnoplantlife.(Para.2)下潛到200米以下，我們進入暮光區(qū)，這里沒有陽光，因此幾乎沒有植物。整句類型為__________，__________引導(dǎo)____________________，并在從句中作__________，先行詞是____________________。主從復(fù)合句非限制性定語從句where狀語thetwilightzonePara2Difficultsentences3.Alsolivinginthetwilightzonearehunterswithtelescopic,upwardpointingeyesthatcaneasilyspotamealinthewatersabove.①Standingbythelakewasamiddleagedman,whoseemedtobeafarmer.②SeatedatthecentreoftheclassroomwasLily,whowaspractisingChinesecalligraphy.莉莉坐在教室中央，正在練習(xí)中國書法。主語一位看起來像農(nóng)民的中年人站在湖邊。主語hunters后面有較長的修飾語，為了使句子更為平衡，將謂語部分的動詞ing形式置于句首，形成倒裝句。同樣生活在暮光區(qū)的還有雙眼凸起向上的獵食者，它們能輕易地發(fā)現(xiàn)上面水域中的食物。謂語完全倒裝句定語從句修飾主語Para2Difficultsentences4.Consequently,thefishmostlikelytobeeatenhaveevolvedtohavethinbodiessothattheyarelesseasilyseenfrombelow.(Para.2)結(jié)果，最有可能被吃掉的魚已經(jīng)進化成細長的身體，從下面不太容易看見它們。整句類型為__________，__________引導(dǎo)____________________，另外，mostlikelytobeeaten是形容詞短語作后置定語，修飾__________。主從復(fù)合句狀語從句sothatthefishconsequentlyadv.結(jié)果，所以belikelytodosth.

有可能做某事Para2Difficultsentences5.Consequently,thefishmostlikelytobeeatenhave

evolvedtohavethinbodiessothattheyarelesseasilyseenfrombelow.因此，最有可能被吃掉的魚已經(jīng)進化成纖細的身體，這樣就不容易從下面看到它們。

evolve

v.Evolution,itseems,helpsboththehunterandthehuntedinequalmeasure!進化似乎在同等程度上幫助了獵手和獵物！evolution

n.①Thethreespeciesevolvedfromasingleancestor.

②Whydid

humans

evolve

towalk

upright

這三種生物從同一祖先進化而來。evolvev.todevelopovertime,oftenmanygenerations,intoformsthatarebetteradaptedtosurvivechangesintheirenvironment

進化；進化形成人類為何進化到了直立行走的姿態(tài)？【拓展】evolvev.todevelopgradually,especiallyfromasimpletoamoreplicatedform;todevelopsthinthisway

（使）逐漸形成，逐步發(fā)展，逐漸演變①TheideaevolvedfromadrawingIdiscoveredintheattic.

②Thepanyhasevolvedintoamajorchemicalmanufacturer.

這種想法是從我在閣樓里發(fā)現(xiàn)的一幅畫得到啟發(fā)的。這家公司已逐步發(fā)展成一個主要的化工廠。①theevolutionofthehumanspecies

②Darwin'stheoryofevolution③In

the

course

of

evolution,

some

birds

have

lost

the

power

of

flight.

人類的進化evolutionn.thegradualdevelopmentofplants,animals,etc.overmanyyearsastheyadapttochangesintheirenvironment

進化達爾文的進化論在進化的過程中，一些鳥喪失了飛行能力。【拓展】evolutionn.

thegradualdevelopmentofsth

演變；發(fā)展；漸進Thespeech

is

about

the

evolution

of

the

puter.

這個演講是關(guān)于計算機的發(fā)展歷程。①Ourthanksaredueinequalmeasuretoeverymemberoftheteam.②Thecarelessdriverandthedrunkenpedestrian(行人)wereinequalmeasuretoblameforthetrafficaccident.我們同樣感謝每一位隊員。inequalmeasuretoequalextentordegree

在同樣程度上粗心的司機和喝醉的行人對這次交通事故該負同等的責(zé)任。1.infullmeasure2.innosmall/large/greatmeasure3.insomemeasure最大程度地；最大限度地在很大程度上在某種程度上相似短語practice1.這些改進在很大程度上是由于他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)有方。Theimprovementsaredueinlargemeasuretohisleadership.2.她的失敗在某種程度上是由于缺乏信心。Hisfailureisinsomemeasureduetolackofconfidence.3.Myexpectationshadbeenmetinfullmeasure.我的期望得到了最大程度的滿足。Translation.Thefirst200metresofourdivetakesusthroughwhatcanbecalledtheopenocean,wheremostvisiblelightexists.Herelivesmuchofthemarinelifeweknowabout,suchasdolphins,coralsandseaweeds.Sinkingbelow200mertes,weenterthetwilightzone,wherethereislittlesunlightandthusalmostnoplantlife.Mostofthefishlivingherearesmallfilterfeederswhichswimupatnighttofeedinthenutrientrichwatersabove。我們下潛的頭200米帶我們穿過所謂的透光區(qū)，這里有大部分可見光。我們所知的許多海洋生物，如海豚、珊瑚和海藻，生活在這一層。下潛到200米以下，我們進入暮光區(qū)，這里沒有陽光，因此幾乎沒有植物。生活在此的大多數(shù)魚類都是小型濾食性動物，它們在夜間向上游，到上面營養(yǎng)豐富的水域進食。Alsolivinginthetwilightzonearehunterswithtelescopic,upwardpointingeyesthatcaneasilyspotamealinthewatersabove.Consequently,thefishmostlikelytobeeatenhaveevolvedtohavethinbodiessothartheyarclesseasilytobeseenfrombelow.However,oncetheyarecaptured,thehunters’backwardcarvingteethpreventthemfromgettingaway.Evolution,itseems,helpsboththehunterandthehuntedinequalmeasure.同樣生活在暮光區(qū)的還有雙眼凸起向上的獵食者，它們能輕易地發(fā)現(xiàn)上層水域中的食物。結(jié)果，最有可能被吃掉的魚已經(jīng)進化成細長的身體，所以從下面不太容易看見它們。然而，一旦它們被捕獲，獵食者向后彎曲的牙齒讓它們無法逃脫。進化似乎在同等程度上幫助了獵人和獵物1. Also,somefishhavebothmaleandfemaleorganstoincreasethechancesofreproduction,asfisharesoscarceatthesedepthsthatitcanbedifficultforthemtofindamate.此外，一些魚類同時擁有雄性和雌性器官，以增加繁殖的機會，因為在這樣的深度魚類稀少，以至于它們很難找到配偶。結(jié)果狀語從句原因狀語從句Para3Difficultsentences不定式作目的狀語Oncepast1,000metres,wehavereachedthedeepocean,wherethereisnolightandtemperaturesdropjustabovefreezing.Thepressuresarehugeandcanbemorethan100timesthepressureoftheEarth’satmosphere.Itisthensurprisingthatmanycreaturescanliveinthisextremeenvironment.Theycannotrelysolelyontheireyesighttosurviveandhaveevolvedfascinatingcharacteristics.一旦超過1000米，我們就到達了深海區(qū)，這里沒有光，溫度降至略高于冰點。壓力巨大，可能是地球大氣壓力的100多倍。令人驚奇的是，許多生物可以生活在這種極端的環(huán)境中。它們僅僅依靠視覺無法生存，因而進化出神奇的生存特征Indeed,manyorganismsinthedeepoceanareblind.Inordertoobtainfoodandavoidbeingcaught,theyhavetodependonothersensessuchassmellandtheirabilitytodetectslightchangesinwaterpressure.Also,somefishhavebothmaleandfemaleorganstoincreasethechancesofreproduction,asfisharesoscarceatthesedepthsthatitcanbedifficultforthemtofindamate.ThefishinthedeepoceanareamongthestrangestcreaturesontheEarth,manyofwhichhaveyettobeproperlystudied.事實上，深海中的許多生物都是看不見的。為了獲取食物和躲避被捕食，它們不得不依靠其他感官，如嗅覺，和感知水壓微小變化的能力。此外，一些魚類同時擁有雄性和雌性器官，以增加繁殖的可能性，因為在這樣的深度，魚如此稀少，以至于找配偶對它們來說很難。深海魚類是地球上最奇怪的生物之一，

其中許多還尚未被充分研究。Para.451.on/upondoingL302.itisthoughtthat...L324.belocatedinL375.beknownasL386.far(adj.)fromL41一…（就…）人們認為位于作為……被知道遠非1.Ofthemanystrangegeologicalformationstobefoundhere/are/rockbridgeswhichcrosstheTrench,somereachingaheightof2,500metresabovetheChallengerDeep.(Para.4)整句類型為__________。__________引導(dǎo)_______________，先行詞是______________。主從復(fù)合句限制性定語從句which該句是__________，句子主語是_______________。倒裝句rockbridgesrockbridgesPara4Difficultsentences2.Ofthemanystrangegeologicalformationstobefoundhere/are/rockbridgeswhichcrosstheTrench,somereachingaheightof2,500metresabovetheChallengerDeep.(Para.4)在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)的許多奇怪的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造中有橫穿海溝的石橋，有些高度達到“挑戰(zhàn)者深淵”上方2500米?！皊omereachingaheightof2,500metresabovetheChallengerDeep”為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于狀語，基本形式為“邏輯主語+doing/done/形容詞短語/副詞短語/介詞短語”，即正常的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)去掉be動詞，該邏輯主語與主句主語不一致，試比較：①Hespendingmuchtimeplayingputergames,hisperformancebecameworse.②Spendingmuchtimepalyingpoutergames,heperformedworse.花了太多時間玩電腦游戲，他表現(xiàn)變差了。Para4DifficultsentencesOnreachingtheoceanfloor,wemayseeshrimpsandotherorganismsaroundhydrothermalvents.Theseventsforminvolcanicallyactiveareas,pouringmineralrichfluidsintothesea.Beforethediscoveryofthesecreatures,itwasthoughtthatalllifeontheEarthobtaineditsenergyfromthesun.However,thisdiscoveryhasrevealedthatlifeformscanobtainnutrientsandenergyfromthermalsources.Knowingthatlife35canexistintheseextremeconditionshaschangedscientificopinionaboutthechancesoftherebeinglifeelsewhereintheuniverse.一到達海底，我們就可能在熱液噴口周圍看到蝦和其他生物。這些噴口形成于火山活動頻繁的區(qū)域，噴涌出富含礦物質(zhì)的流體進入海洋。在發(fā)現(xiàn)這些生物之前，人們認為地球上的所有生命都是從太陽獲得能量的。然而，這項發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了生物可以從熱源獲得營養(yǎng)和能量。認識到生命可以在這些極端條件下生存，改變了有關(guān)宇宙中其他地方有多大幾率存在生命的科學(xué)觀點。①IknowotherFrenchpeopleinadditiontoLoisel.②Theyweregivennoodlesinadditiontobreadandwaterfortheireveningmeal.1.Inadditiontotheventsandremarkableorganisms,wecannotmisstheMarianaTrench,locatedinthenorthwesternpartofthePacificOcean.除了這些出入口和引人注目的生物外，我們不能錯過位于太平洋西北部的馬里亞納海溝。inadditionto

usedwhenyouwanttomentionanotherpersonorthingaftersthelse除……以外（還）除了面包和水以外，他們的晚餐還有面條。除了盧瓦澤爾外，我還認識別的法國人。Inadditiontotheventsandremarkableorganisms,wecannotmisstheMarianaTrench,locatedinthenorthwesternpartofthePacificOcean.Itsdeepestpoint,knownastheChallengerDeep,isnearly11,000metresbelowsealevel.YoucouldplaceMountQomolangmaintheChallengerDeep,anditstopwouldstillbemorethan2,000metresbelowthesurface!Whilethereislittlelifeatsuchgreatdepths,itisfarfromboring.OfthemanystrangegeologicalformationstobefoundherearerockbridgeswhichcrosstheTrench,somereachingaheightof2,500metresabovetheChallengerDeep.。除了熱液噴口和奇異的生物，我們不能錯過位于太平洋西北部的馬里亞納海溝。它的最深處，也就是“挑戰(zhàn)者深淵”，在海平面以下近11,000米。你不妨把珠穆朗瑪峰放到“挑戰(zhàn)者深淵”，山頂仍然在海面下2000多米!雖然在如此深的地方幾乎沒有生命，但一點也不無聊。在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)的許多奇怪的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造中有橫穿海溝的石橋，有些高度達到“挑戰(zhàn)者深淵”上方2500米。1.Onourjourneydown,wehavebeenfascinatedbyincrediblegeologicalformationsaswellasunexpectedlifeformsthathavebeestangelyadaptedtotheirextremeenvironment.(Para.5)befascinatedby被……吸引/迷住incredible

adj.不可思議的，難以置信的aswellas

以及（AaswellasB作主語，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)A定）adapt(oneself)tosth.適應(yīng)在我們下潛的旅途中，不可思議的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造，還有已經(jīng)出奇地適應(yīng)了極端環(huán)境的、出乎意料的生物，令我們心馳神往。整句類型為__________，_____引導(dǎo)_______________，在從句中作________，不能省略，先行詞是__________________。that主從復(fù)合句lifeforms限制性定語從句主語Para5Difficultsentences2.Withsomuchoftheoceanslefttoexplore,whoknowswhatwondersstillawaitusinthefuture.(Para.5)整句類型為__________。__________引導(dǎo)kno