《科技英語綜合教程（第二版）》課件Unit 6 Space Exploration

Unit6SpaceExplorationWarm-upIntensiveReading--TextAExtensiveReading--TextBExtensiveReading--TextCUnit6SpaceExplorationUnit6SpaceExplorationUnitOverviewPassagesAcademicSkillsTestAIntensiveReadingOurPictureoftheUniversetranslatingskillsAmplification——增詞法TextBExtensiveReadingShouldWeColoniseSpace?WritingSkillDevelopmentbyTimeandSpaceTextCExtensiveReadingTheBigBang:ItSureWasBigListeningSkillDictationUnit6SpaceExploration

Humanbeingshavenumerousbeautifuldreams.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,onedreamafteranotherhasbeenrealized.Wewishedtoflyandnowwecanfly;wewishedtoexploretheouterspaceandwehaveachievedalotinspaceexploration.Oneofthebiggesteventsin1969wasthattheAmericanastronautsmadethefirstlandingonthemoon.Believeitornot,therearesomestrangestoriesabouttheouterspace—manypeopleclaimtoseeUFOs,andalsothinkthataliencivilizationsexist.BeforeReadingWarm-upBeforeReadingWarm-upQuestionsUnit6SpaceExplorationApproachingtheTopic1.Doyouknowanystoriesortheoriesrelatedtotheoriginoftheuniverse?Whatarethey?2.Inyouropinion,willspaceexplorationbenefitmankind?Ifyes,inwhatway?3.Doyouthinkthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?IntensiveReadingInformationanalysis1.Doyouknowanystoriesortheoriesrelatedtotheoriginoftheuniverse?Whatarethey?Yes.Theyare:TheBigBangTheoryTheHinduCosmologySteadyStateUniverseSlowFreezeTheoryBlackHoleMirageConformalCyclicModelTheoryofEternalInflationPlasmaUniverseTheoryChineseMethologyofPanguCreatingtheHeavenandEarth.Unit6SpaceExplorationIntensiveReadingInformationanalysis2.Inyouropinion,willspaceexplorationbenefitmankind?Ifyes,inwhatway?Yes,itwill.Thebenefitsofspacecanbecategorizedaseitherdirectorindirect.Thedirectbenefitsofexplorationincludethegenerationofscientificknowledge,thediffusionofinnovationandcreationofmarkets,theinspirationofpeoplearoundtheworld,andagreementsforgedbetweenthecountriesengagedinexploration.Indirectbenefitsthatresultovertimeincludetangibleenhancementstothequalityoflifesuchasimprovedeconomicprosperity,health,environmentalquality,safety,andsecurity.Theyalsoincludeintangiblephilosophicalbenefitssuchasadeepenedunderstandingandnewperspectivesonhumankind’sindividualandcollectiveplaceintheUniverse.Unit6SpaceExplorationIntensiveReadingInformationanalysis3.Doyouthinkthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?Yes,Ithinkso.Manyscientistsarelookingforpossiblechemicalcombinationsthatcouldsignalthepresenceofalienlife.theyfocusonthesixmainelementsassociatedwithlifeonEarth:carbon,nitrogen,oxygen,phosphorous,sulfurandhydrogen,forexample,theyaresearchingforpossiblelifeonMars.Iamnotsurewhetherthereislifeonotherplanets,foruptonowthereisnoevidencetoprovethat.Unit6SpaceExplorationIntensiveReadingTextAOurPictureoftheUniverseUnit6SpaceExplorationWordpreparationTextorganizationInformationanalysisLanguagefocusLead-inIntensiveReadingLead-inUnit6SpaceExplorationTheoriginoftheuniverseWheredoestheuniversebegin？Wheredowecomefrom?ORIntensiveReadingLead-inUnit6SpaceExplorationEvolutionCreationismWatchthevideoclipandfillintheblankswiththewordsyouhaveheardinvideo.IntensiveReadingLead-inUnit6SpaceExplorationVideoIntensiveReadingLead-inUnit6SpaceExploration1.Somethirteenpointsevenbillionyearsago,amysteriouseventthrusttheuniverseintomotion,intheBigBang,theultimatecreationofeveryatom,everystarandeverygalaxy.

2.Forthousandsofyears,we’vegatheredourobservationsoftheheavenintobooksthatwouldmorethanfillalibrary.3.Youseethatonetimemaybethirteenorfourteenbillionyearsago,everythingthattherewasmusthavebeencompressedintooneinconceivablydensepoint.4.IsaidthattheBigBangtheoryisasolidpartofscienceasweunderstandit.5.

TheBigBangtheorydoesn’tyetprovidealltheanswersscienceseekstoexplainhowouruniversewasborn.

6.WhatcosmologistsarereferringtowhentheytalkabouttheBigBangtheory,isreallyonlyadescriptionoftheaftermath.7.TheBigBangisreallyourevolving,expandinguniverse.1)2)3)4)5)6)7)8)IntensiveReadingLead-inUnit6SpaceExplorationWatchthevideoagainandanswerthefollowingquestions：What

is

Big

Bang

Theory?TheBigBangisatheoryofcosmicevolution.Ittellsushowtheuniverseevolved,howitchangedfromasplitsecond,afterwhateverbroughtitintoexistence,andwestillwedon’tknowwhatthatisuntiltoday.TheBigBangisourtheoryforthebeginningoftheuniverse.2.WastheBigBangreallybig?AndisthereaBang?Why?TheBigBangisreallyacontradictionbecauseitwasnotBig,andtherewasnoBang.Itwasn’tbig,becausewethinkthattheuniversestartedfromasingularityofsomesort.AndtherewasnoBang,becausetherewasnoairtocarrythevibrationsScriptIntensiveReadingLead-inUnit6SpaceExplorationEverystoryhasabeginning,eventhestoryoftheuniverse.Somethirteenpointsevenbillionyearsago,amysteriouseventthrusttheuniverseintomotion,intheBigBang,theultimatecreationofeveryatom,everystarandeverygalaxy.Butthisisourstory,howforthousandsofyears,we’vepiecedtogetheravisionoftheuniversemadesenseofitthroughscienceanddiscoveredourplacewithinit.Thisisourstoryofeverything,fromShamantoscientistsbeyondtheBigBang.Forthousandsofyears,we’vegatheredourobservationsoftheheavenintobooksthatwouldmorethanfillalibrary.Webuiltavastbodyofknowledgeaboutouruniverse.Howitallbegan?Andhowwillitend.It’saworkinprogress.Thescriptisstillbeingwritten,andtheinkisstillwetonthepage.Wheredowebegin?Let’sbegin,atthebeginning.Let’sbeginwithTheBigBang.TheBigBangisatheoryofcosmicevolution.Ittellsushowtheuniverseevolved,howitchangedfromasplitsecond,afterwhateverbroughtitintoexistence,andwestillwedon’tknowwhatthatisuntiltoday.Whenyoulookoutattheuniverseandlookattheotherdistantgalaxies,youseethatthey’reallfleeingawayfromus,thatthey’reallmovingoutwardathugevelocities.Theystrikelikethatallthewayback.Youseethatonetimemaybethirteenorfourteenbillionyearsago,everythingthattherewasmusthavebeencompressedintooneinconceivablydensepoint.ScriptIntensiveReadingLead-inUnit6SpaceExplorationWeknowwedon’thavethewholestory,butwe’veneverhadthewholestoryinthehistoryofphysics.We’vehadseriesofbetterandbetterapproximations,revealingstartlingly,moreandmorebeautifulandinterestingtruths.TheBigBangisourtheoryforthebeginningoftheuniverse.Butforalongtime,peopleeitherdidn’tthinkabouttheoriginoftheuniverse,ortheyassumetheuniversehadalwaysexisted,andwaseverlasting.EvenscientistswerereluctantatfirsttoembracetheBigBang.Itwasmeanttobeaderisiveterm.However,theBigBangisreallyacontradictionbecauseitwasnotBig,andtherewasnoBang.Itwasn’tbig,becausewethinkthattheuniversestartedfromasingularityofsomesort.AndtherewasnoBang,becausetherewasnoairtocarrythevibrations.Soabigbangis,insomesense,amisnomer,butthenamestuck,andsohasthetheory.Rightnow,IsaidthattheBigBangtheoryisasolidpartofscienceasweunderstandit.Anybodywhodoesn’tacceptitisregardedbymostofthepeopleinthecommunityasessentiallyacrackpot.Butacceptanceandunderstandingaretwodifferentthings.TheBigBangtheorydoesn’tyetprovidealltheanswersscienceseekstoexplainhowouruniversewasborn.WhatcosmologistsarereferringtowhentheytalkabouttheBigBangtheory,isreallyonlyadescriptionoftheaftermath.TheconventionalBigBangtheoryhasnothingaboutwhatbanged,whyitbangedorwhathappenedbeforeBang.Rightnow,atthisverysecond,we’reintheaftermathoftheBigBang.Everythingwesee,andtaste,andsmell,andtouchistheaftermath.TheBigBangisreallyourevolving,expandinguniverse.Forus,mostlystuckonourrockylittleplanet,theviewoftheUniversebeginswiththeEarth.IntensiveReadingWordpreparationv.contradictdisprovefalsifyorbitincorpotaten.gravityaccuracyconstitutionmechanicsphenomenona.proportionalprovisionalinitialgravitiationalinconsistentUnit6SpaceExplorationIntensiveReadingTextorganizationUnit6SpaceExplorationPartI(Para.1)

WhatascientifictheoryisA.Itmustaccuratelydescribealargeclassofobservationsonthebasisofamodelthatcontainsonlyafewarbitraryelements.B.Itmustmakedefinitepredictionsabouttheresultsoffuturesobservations.PartII(Para.2-3)

Featuresofscientifictheories

A.Anyphysicaltheoryisalwaysprovisional. B.Anewtheoryisreallyanextensionoftheprevioustheory.PartIII(Para.4-6)Theeventualgoalofscience:toprovideasingletheorythatdiscribesthewholeuniverseA.Mostscientistsfollowtheapproachtodescribethewholeuniverseintotwoparts:①lawstotellushowtheuniversechangeswithtime②thequetionoftheinitialstateoftheuniverse

B.Itisdifficulttodeviseatheotytodescribetheuniverseallinonego,sowebreaktheproblemupintobitsandinventanumberofpartialtheoriesC.Scientistsdescribetheuniverseintermsoftwobaiscpartialtheories:①thegeneraltheoryofrelativityand②quantummechanicsD.Weareinsearchforanewtheorythatwillincorportatethemboth:aquantumtheoryofgravityIntensiveReadingInformationanalysis1.

Whydowehavetobeclearaboutwhatascientifictheoryis?Para.1

Inordertotalkaboutthenatureoftheuniverseandtodiscussquestionssuchaswhetherithasabeginningoranend.Unit6SpaceExplorationIntensiveReadingInformationanalysis2.Whatarethetworequirementsforagoodtheorytosatisfy?Para.1①Itmustaccuratelydescribealargeclassofobservationsonthebasisofamodelthatcontainsonlyafewarbitraryelements,and②itmustmakedefinitepredictionsabouttheresultsoffutureobservations.Unit6SpaceExplorationIntensiveReadingInformationanalysis3.Whatarethefeaturesofaphysicaltheory?Para.2-3①Anyphysicaltheoryisalwaysprovisional,inthesensethatitisonlyahypothesis:youcanneverproveit.②Anewtheorythatisdevisedisreallyanextensionoftheprevioustheory.Unit6SpaceExplorationIntensiveReadingInformationanalysis4.Whatistheeventualgoalofscience?Para.4Thegoalistoprovideasingletheorythatdescribesthewholeuniverse.Unit6SpaceExplorationIntensiveReadingInformationanalysis5.Whatistheapproachmostscientistsfollowtodiscribetheuniverse?Para.4Theapproachmostscientistsactuallyfollowistoseparatetheproblemintotwoparts.First,therearethelawsthattellushowtheuniversechangeswithtime.Second,thereisthequestionoftheinitialstateoftheuniverse.Unit6SpaceExplorationIntensiveReadingInformationanalysis6.Whatisthewaywemadeprogressinthepastandwhy?Para.5Webreaktheproblemupintobitsandinventanumberofpartialtheories.Eachofthesepartialtheoriesdescribesandpredictsacertainlimitedclassofobservations,neglectingtheeffectsofotherquantities,orrepresentingthembysimplesetsofnumbers.Becauseitturnsouttobeverydifficulttodeviseatheorytodescribetheuniverseallinonego.Unit6SpaceExplorationIntensiveReadingInformationanalysis7.Howdoscientiststodaydescribetheuniverse?Andwhatisoneofthemajorendavorsinphysicstoday?Para.6Todayscientistsdescribetheuniverseintermsoftwobasicpartialtheories—thegeneraltheoryofrelativityandquantummechanics.Oneofthemajorendeavorsinphysicstoday,isthesearchforanewtheorythatwillincorporatethemboth—aquantumtheoryofgravity.Unit6SpaceExplorationIntensiveReadingLanguagefocus1.Ishalltakethesimple-mindedviewthatatheoryisjustamodeloftheuniverse,orarestrictedpartofit,andasetofrulesthatrelatequantitiesinthemodeltoobservationsthatwemake.(Para.1)Unit6SpaceExploration以簡單的思維方式，我認(rèn)為理論不過是關(guān)于宇宙的模式或是宇宙有限的部分，以及一整套把這個模式中的量與我們觀測的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來的規(guī)則。Analysis:這是一個主從復(fù)合句。view后面that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句修飾中心詞view。而在同位語從句中又包含兩個定語從句thatrelatequantitiesinthemodeltoobservationsthatwemake和thatwemake分別修飾rules和observations。Translation:IntensiveReadingLanguagefocus2.Itmustaccuratelydescribealargeclassofobservationsonthebasisofamodelthatcontainsonlyafewarbitraryelements,anditmustmakedefinitepredictionsabouttheresultsoffutureobservations.(Para.1)Translation:首先必須在只含有幾個任意元素的基礎(chǔ)上對大部分觀測現(xiàn)象進行精確的描述，其次必須對未來的觀測結(jié)果做出明確的預(yù)言。Unit6SpaceExplorationAnalysis:這是一個復(fù)合句。首先該句是一個由and連接的并列句，第一個并列句Itmustaccuratelydescribealargeclassofobservationsonthebasisofamodelthatcontainsonlyafewarbitraryelements還包含一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾amodel。IntensiveReadingLanguagefocus3.Ontheotherhand,Newton’stheoryofgravitywasbasedonanevensimplermodel,inwhichbodiesattractedeachotherwithaforcethatwasproportionaltoaquantitycalledtheirmassandinverselyproportionaltothesquareofthedistancebetweenthem.(Para.1)Translation:另一方面，牛頓的引力理論是基于更為簡單的模式，即物體之間的吸引力與質(zhì)量成正比，與它們之間距離的平方成反比.Unit6SpaceExplorationAnalysis:該句是一個復(fù)合句，包含兩個定語從句，第一個定語從句inwhichbodiesattractedeachotherwithaforce是非限定性定語從句修飾model，第二個定語從句由that引導(dǎo)修飾force。IntensiveReadingLanguagefocus4.Eachofthesepartialtheoriesdescribesandpredictsacertainlimitedclassofobservations,neglectingtheeffectsofotherquantities,orrepresentingthembysimplesetsofnumbers.(Para.5)Translation:每一個局部理論只描述和預(yù)言一定范圍的有限的觀測，而忽略其他量或以簡單的一組數(shù)據(jù)來代指它們。Unit6SpaceExplorationAnalysis:該句是一個簡單句，主語是Eachofthesepartialtheories；謂語動詞是describesandpredicts；neglecting和representing兩個現(xiàn)在分詞并列做狀語表示伴隨。IntensiveReadingLanguagefocus5.TheclassicalexampleagainistheNewtoniantheoryofgravity,whichtellsusthatthegravitationalforcebetweentwobodiesdependsonlyononenumberassociatedwitheachbody,itsmass,butisotherwiseindependentofwhatthebodiesaremadeof.(Para.5)Translation:典型的例子還是牛頓的引力理論，它告訴我們兩個物體之間的引力只取決于每個物體相關(guān)的一個數(shù)——它的質(zhì)量，而與物體由什么組成無關(guān)。因此，人們要計算太陽和行星的軌跡，并不需要關(guān)于其結(jié)構(gòu)和成分的理論。Unit6SpaceExplorationAnalysis:這是一個復(fù)合句。主句是TheclassicalexampleistheNewtoniantheoryofgravity；which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句修飾theoryofgravity，而該定語從句中還包含一個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，而賓語從句中又包含兩個并列句由but引導(dǎo)。句中的associatedwith是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾number。IntensiveReadingLanguagefocus6.Wedonotyethavesuchanewtheory,andwemaystillbealongwayfromhavingone,butwedoalreadyknowmanyofthepropertiesthatitmusthave.(Para.6)Translation:我們還沒有這樣的理論，要獲得這樣的理論我們也許還有相當(dāng)長的路要走，然而我們已經(jīng)知道了這個理論必須具備的許多特性。Unit6SpaceExplorationAnalysis:這是一個復(fù)合句。首先是三個并列的分句，分別由and和but來引導(dǎo),在第三個分句中還包含一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾properties。Unit6SpaceExplorationKeytoExercisesTextAKeytoexercisesUnit6SpaceExplorationEx.11.D2.D3.A4.B5.CEx.2Para.1(1)accuratelydescribingalargeclassofobservationsonthebasisofamodelthatcontainsonlyafewarbitraryelements

(2)makingdefinitepredictionsabouttheresultsoffutureobservationsPara.2provisionalandyoucanneverproveitPara.3anextensionoftheprevioustheoryPara.41)provideasingletheorythatdescribesthewholeuniverse2)(1)thelawsthattellushowtheuniversechangeswithtime(2)thequestionoftheinitialstateoftheuniversePara.5breaktheproblemupintobitsandinventanumberofpartialtheoriesPara.61)(1)thegeneraltheoryofrelativity(2)quantummechanics2)aquantumtheoryofgravityKeytoexercisesEx.31.No,Idon’tbelieveitisthegodthatcreatedtheworld.IbelieveintheBigBangtheory.Basicallytherearetwoviewsoftheoriginoftheuniverse.OneoftheseisthesupernaturalpositionsetforthinthebookofGenesis.TheGenesisnarrativeaffirmsthatGodcreatedtheheavensandtheearthonthefirstdayoftheinitialweekofearth’shistory.Subsequently,duringtheremainingfivedaysofcreationactivity,attentionwasdirectedtothisplanet,theabodeofman—whowasuniquelyfashionedintheimageoftheCreator.Thesun,moon,andstarswerealsomade.TheBiblemakesitperfectlyclearthatthewholecreation(inorganicandorganic)cameintobeingduringthissix-dayperiod.Thesecondviewofthebeginningoftheuniverseiswhollymaterialistic.TheBigBangTheoryistheleadingexplanationabouthowtheuniversebegan.Atitssimplest,itsaystheuniversestartedwithasmallsingularity,theninflatedoverthenext13.8billionyearstothecosmosthatweknowtoday.Additionally,inChinawehavethelegend:ItisPanguthatcreatedtheHeavenandtheEarth.Unit6SpaceExplorationKeytoexercises

2.Quantummechanics(QM;alsoknownasquantumphysics,quantumtheory,ormatrixmechanics),includingquantumfieldtheory,isafundamentaltheoryinphysicsdescribingthepropertiesofnatureonanatomicscale.Thegeneraltheoryofrelativity,isthegeometrictheoryofgravitationpublishedbyAlbertEinsteinin1915andthecurrentdescriptionofgravitationinmodernphysics.GeneralrelativitygeneralizesspecialrelativityandrefinesNewton’slawofuniversalgravitation,providingaunifieddescriptionofgravityasageometricpropertyofspaceandtime,orspacetime.Quantummechanicsandthegeneraltheoryofrelativityformthebedrockofthecurrentunderstandingofphysics—yetthetwotheoriesdon’tseemtoworktogether.Physicalphenomenarelyonrelationshipofmotionbetweentheobservedandtheobserver.Certainrulesholdtrueacrosstypesofobservedobjectsandthoseobserving,butthoserulestendtobreakdownatthequantumlevel,wheresubatomicparticlesbehaveinstrangeways.Maybe,atpresent,thetwotheoriesareinconsistentwitheachother,butscientistsaroundtheworldaretryingtofindanewtheorytoincorporatethetwotheories.Forexample,aninternationalteamofresearchersdevelopedaunifiedframeworkthatwouldaccountforthisapparentbreakdownbetweenclassicalandquantumphysics,andtheyputittothetestusingaquantumsatellitecalledMicius.TheypublishedtheirresultsrulingoutoneversionoftheirtheoryinScienceonSept19th2019.ThisresearchwasledbyJian-WeiPanattheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChinaandindicatedthatthebridgebetweenquantummechanicsandgeneralrelativitywasstillpossible.Therefore,Ithinkinthefuturewemayprobablyhaveanewtheorytoincorporatethetwo.Unit6SpaceExplorationKeytoexercisesEx.41.gravitational 2.Unfortunately 3.government 4.based 5.accuracy6.religious 7.depend 8.extremely 9.requires 10.solved.Ex.51.C2.O3.F4.N5.L6.J7.H8.M9.B10.DEx.61.quantummechanics

2.generaltheoryofrelativity3.physicallaws

4.squareofthedistance5.原則上，基本上

6.孤立地7.一口氣，一下子，一舉

8.牛頓的引力理論Unit6SpaceExplorationUnit6SpaceExplorationKeytoexercisesEx.71.要談?wù)撚钪娴谋举|(zhì)，討論宇宙是否有起點或終點這樣的問題，必須弄清什么是科學(xué)理論。2.即使某一理論與數(shù)次實驗結(jié)果相一致，也絕不能斷定這一理論不會與下一次試驗結(jié)果相矛盾。3.要想一步登天地提出一種能描述整個宇宙的理論證明是非常困難的。4.如果宇宙中一切根本是相互依賴的，那么孤立地研究問題的一部分也許不可能得到完備的答案。5.另一方面，量子力學(xué)解決的問題是極小規(guī)模的現(xiàn)象，例如萬億億分之一英寸。Unit6SpaceExplorationKeytoexercisesEx.81.Theydeducedthisformulaonthebasisofmanyexperiments.2.Hesawastronomicalpatternsfromwhichhecouldmakecalculationsandpredictions.3.Generallyspeaking,weightshouldbeproportionaltoheight.4.Theoriginalroadshallbewidenedgraduallyifitswidthisinconsistentwithregulations.5.Heaimedtobeindependentofhisparentsbythetimehewastwenty.TextBShouldWeColoniseSpace?ExtensiveReadingUnit6SpaceExplorationTextorganizationLanguagefocuskeytoexercisesTextorganizationUnit6SpaceExplorationExtensiveReadinganewera:notsciencefictionbutscience12)______________incolonisingspaceanewspaceage:the11)______________destinyofhumanbeingslookingupatthestars:13)______________yourimaginationNecessity(Paras.1-2)Significance(Paras.3-5)toexplore1)______________systemtofindoutwherehumanbeingscanlivetogiveanew2)______________tolookoutwardsratherthaninwardsJustificationsforcolonisingspacetorestorepublic5)______________forspaceandsciencetocreatea4)______________withscienceandtechnologytounitehumanbeingstofacethe3)______________challengetoincreasethepublic6)______________ofsciencePossibilities(Paras.6-9)possiblesitesofahumancolony:8)______________and9)______________ourexperiencewithISS:possibilityforhumanbeingsto7)______________forlongperiodsawayfromearthBreakthroughStarshot:areal10)______________Future(Paras.10-12)enthusiasm

perspective

commonfact

ultimatestandingfascinationopportunityexist/surviveunleashingMars

MoonsolarLanguagefocus1.Itwon’tsolveanyofourimmediateproblemsonplanetEarth,butitwillgiveusanewperspectiveonthemandcauseustolookoutwardsratherthaninwards.(Para.2)Unit6SpaceExplorationExtensiveReadingAnalysis:這是一個并列句，是由but連接的，表述轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。句中的them代指前面提到的problems。Translation:它不會解決我們在地球上的任何直接問題，但它會給我們一個新的視角來看這些問題，讓我們向外而不是向內(nèi)看。Languagefocus2.

AgoalofabaseontheMoonby2050,andofamannedlandingonMarsby2070,wouldreignitethespaceprogramme,andgiveitasenseofpurpose,inthesamewaythatPresidentKennedy’sMoontargetdidinthe1960s.(Para.4)Unit6SpaceExplorationExtensiveReadingAnalysis:該句是一個復(fù)合句。主句的主語是goal,后面跟兩個of…介詞短語做其定語，謂語部分是wouldreignite…andgive…;that(相當(dāng)于inwhich)引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞way。Translation:在2050年前建立月球基地，以及在2070年前達到載人登陸火星的目標(biāo)，將重新啟動太空計劃，并帶來一種目的感，就像在20世紀(jì)60年代肯尼迪總統(tǒng)的登月計劃一樣。Languagefocus3.ItishalfasfaragainastheEarthfromtheSun,andsoreceiveshalfthewarmth.Unit6SpaceExplorationExtensiveReadingAnalysis:這是一個并列句。其中halfasfaragainas指距離是……的一倍半遠(yuǎn)；halfthewarmth指的是和地球接受到的溫暖相比，是其一半。Translation:它距離太陽是地球距離太陽的1.5倍，所以接收的溫暖是地球所接受到的溫暖的一半。Languagefocus4.Thefirstprivateastronautswillbepioneers,andthefirstflightswillbehugelyexpensive,butovertimeitismyhopethatspaceflightwillbecomewithinthereachoffarmoreoftheEarth’spopulation.(Para.10)Unit6SpaceExplorationExtensiveReadingParaphrase:這是一個復(fù)合句。首先是由and,but連接的并列句，而在第三個分句中that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，作itismyhope句子的真正主語，而it是句子的形式主語。Translation:6.第一批私人宇航員將成為先鋒，第一批航行將非常昂貴。但我的希望是，隨著時間的推移，更多的地球人可承受得起太空飛行。Languagefocus5.TakingmoreandmorepassengersintospacewillbringnewmeaningtoourplaceonEarthandtoourresponsibilitiesasitsstewards,anditwillhelpustorecogniseourplaceandfutureinthecosmos—whichiswhereIbelieveourultimatedestinylies.(Para.10).Unit6SpaceExplorationExtensiveReadingAnalysis:這是一個復(fù)合句。首先是由and連接的并列句，主句的主語是takingmoreandmorepassengersintospace,第二個分句anditwillhelp…中，it指代takingmoreandmorepassengersintospace，與前句的主語一樣；which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，代指前面兩個句子表述的含義，在定語從句中做主語，而where引導(dǎo)一個表語從句。Translation:將越來越多的乘客帶入太空，將為我們在地球上的地位和作為其管家的責(zé)任帶來新的意義，它將幫助我們認(rèn)識到我們在宇宙中的地位和未來。這就是我相信的我們終極命運之所在。Unit6SpaceExplorationKeytoExercisesTextBKeytoexercisesEx.1

1)solar2)perspective3)common4)fascination5)enthusiasm6)standing7)exist/survive8)Moon9)Mars10)opportunity11)ultimate12)fact13)unleashingEx.21.ultimate2.vacuum3.colonise4.decline5.spontaneously6.justification7.thermal8.contaminate9.accelerated10.stimulatedUnit6SpaceExplorationUnit6SpaceExplorationKeytoexercisesEx.3

1.失重狀態(tài)2.磁場3.宇宙射線4.原材料5.隔熱，熱絕緣6.太陽系7.鎖相激光器8.太陽輻射9.載人航天飛行10.地球軌道A.Earth’sorbitB.thermalinsulationC.cosmicraysD.manned/crewedspaceflightE.solarradiationF.phase-lockedlasersG.magneticfieldH.solarsystemI.rawmaterialsJ.zerogravityKeytoexercisesEx.4今天的許多科學(xué)家就是受到登月的鼓舞而進入科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的，他們的志向是更多地

了解我們自己和我們在宇宙中的位置。在2050年前建立月球基地，以及在2070年前達到載人登陸火星的目標(biāo)，將重新啟動太空計劃，并帶來一種目的感，就像在20世紀(jì)60年代肯尼迪總統(tǒng)的登月計劃一樣。它距離太陽是地球距離太陽的1.5倍，所以接收的溫暖是地球所接受到的溫暖的一半。

這是一個概念驗證任務(wù)，它涉及三個概念：小型化航天器、光推進和鎖相激光器。

第一批私人宇航員將成為先鋒，第一批航行將非常昂貴。但我的希望是，隨著時間的推移，更多的地球人可承受得起太空飛行。Unit6SpaceExplorationInsightintoChinaTextCTheBigBang:ItSureWasBigLanguagefocusLanguagefocusKeytoExercisesUnit6SpaceExplorationInsightsintoChinaLanguagefocusUnit6SpaceExploration1.Thisoccurrencewasnotaconventionalexplosionbutratheraneventfillingallofspacewithalloftheparticlesoftheembryonicuniverserushingawayfromeachother.(Para.2).Analysis:Translation:這是一個簡單句。句子的主語是occurrence，代指前文的explosion，表語由butrather連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)組成，“不是……而是……”。

這種爆炸不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的爆炸，而是宇宙胚胎期存在的各種粒子相互分離，遍布所有宇宙空間。Languagefocus2.Aslightfromdistantgalaxiesapproachesearththereisanincreaseofspacebetweenearthandthegalaxy,whichleadstowavelengthsbeingstretched.(Para.4)Unit6SpaceExplorationExtensiveReadingAnalysis:這是一個復(fù)合句，as引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時候”，主句是thereisanincreaseofspacebetweenearthandthegalaxy，which引導(dǎo)的非限定定語從句修飾前面的整個句子。Translation:當(dāng)來自遙遠(yuǎn)星系的光線接近地球的時候，地球與星系之間的空間距離也在增大，從而導(dǎo)致波長延伸。Languagefocus3.However,thesatellitealsodiscoveredthatastheuniversebegantocoolandwasstillexpanding,smallfluctuationsbegantoexistduetotemperaturedifferences.(Para.6)Unit6SpaceExplorationExtensiveReadingAnalysis:這是一個復(fù)合句，主句是Thesatellitealsodiscoveredthatsmallfluctuationsbegantoexistduetotemperaturedifferences，that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，而該賓語從句中又包含一個as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。Translation:然而，衛(wèi)星也發(fā)現(xiàn)在宇宙開始變涼并仍在膨脹的時候，由于溫差的緣故，微波便開始存在了。Languagefocus4.Intheminusculefractionsofthefirstsecondaftercreationwhatwasonceacompletevacuumbegantoevolveintowhatwen