2024-2025學(xué)年遼寧省名校聯(lián)盟高二下學(xué)期3月月考英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試題PAGEPAGE1遼寧省名校聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期3月月考英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AYouthSportsCoachYouthSports&Fitnessisseekingvolunteercoachesforyouthsoccerleaguesandthetrack&fieldprogram.●Days/Times:Tuesdays(YouthSoccerLeague,4:15-5:15p.m.),Wednesdays(MightyMitesSoccerLeague,4:15-5:15p.m.),and/orFridays(YouthTrack&Field,4:30-5:30p.m.)●JobSite:RobinswoodCommunityPark—SoccerFields(Soccer),HighlandMiddleSchool(Track&Field)●Age:16+DesiredQualificationsBasicknowledgeofsoccerandrunningisrequired.Applicantsmustberesponsible,trustworthy,andwillingtoputforthagoodeffort.Specificeducationalbackgroundsorpriorexperienceisnotamust.Andphysicalconditionshouldbesufficienttoengageinsoccer-relatedactivities,butexcellentathleticismisnotnecessary.Tasks●Coachchildrenagedbetween5and12insoccer,running,andfieldevents.●Arrive15-20minutesearlyforpracticesandgames.●Haveapracticeplan(firsttwoweeksofthesoccerleagues).●Teachbasicfundamentalsofsportandrunning.●Teachbasicrulesofsport.●Communicatewithparentsandon-sitestaff.ApplicationPleasedownload,completeandsubmitthefollowingtoErinMcCaslinatemccaslin@.Ifyouhavequestions,contactErinviae-mailorphoneat425-452-4627.●VolunteerApplication—pleaseincludethenameoftheleagueorprogramforwhichyouwouldliketovolunteer.●BackgroundChecks—pleaseincludethefollowinginformationinyourapplicatione-mailsowecanrunabackgroundcheckthroughEmployersChoiceScreening.1.Yourfullname.2.YourcellphonenumberandyourpermissionforEmployersChoiceScreeningtosendyouatext.3.Youre-mailaddress.●Awaiverofliability(免責(zé)聲明)(Iftheapplicantisunder18,aparentmustsign).SelectionProcedures●Applicationpaperworkisprocessed.●Applicantsselectedwillbeinformedviae-mailfollowingaclearedbackgroundcheck.●Selectedapplicantswillreceiveon-sitetraining.1.WhataspectofapplicantsdoesYouthSports&Fitnessvalue?A.Richcoachingexperience. B.Majoringinsportsorrelatedfields.C.Showingastrongsenseofresponsibility. D.Excellentphysicalfitnessandathleticability.2.Whatmustapplicantsprovideintheirapplication?A.Theircontactinformation. B.Theircoachingcertification.C.Aletterofrecommendation. D.Awaiverofliabilitysignedbytheirfather.3.Howcanapplicantslearnaboutthelatestapplicationresult?A.Byvisitingtheclub. B.Bycheckingtheire-mail.C.Byphoningat425-452-4627. D.Byloggingontoemccaslin@.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了YouthSports&Fitness招聘青少年體育教練的相關(guān)信息，包括工作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、資格要求、任務(wù)、申請(qǐng)流程和選拔程序?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Applicantsmustberesponsible,trustworthy,andwillingtoputforthagoodeffort.(申請(qǐng)人必須負(fù)責(zé)任、值得信賴，并愿意付出努力)”可知，YouthSports&Fitness重視申請(qǐng)人的責(zé)任感。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“1.Yourfullname.2.YourcellphonenumberandyourpermissionforEmployersChoiceScreeningtosendyouatext.3.Youre-mailaddress.(1.您的全名。2.您的手機(jī)號(hào)碼以及您允許EmployersChoiceScreening向您發(fā)送短信的許可。3.您的電子郵件地址)”可知，申請(qǐng)人必須提供聯(lián)系方式。故選A。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Applicantsselectedwillbeinformedviae-mailfollowingaclearedbackgroundcheck.(通過(guò)背景調(diào)查的申請(qǐng)人將通過(guò)電子郵件通知)”可知，申請(qǐng)人可以通過(guò)電子郵件了解最新申請(qǐng)結(jié)果。故選B。BForthisyear’sFourthofJulycelebration,someU.S.citieshavereplacedtraditionalfireworkswithimpressivedrone(無(wú)人機(jī))lightshows.Maybemostimportantly,thedronesbeingemployedbymoreandmorecitiesforFourthofJulycelebrationsdon’tleavebehindablanketofsmokeatatimewhenAmerica’sairqualityisalreadyatitsworstindecades.“Aroundtheworld,we’veseenconsistentlythat,duringtimeswhenfireworkusageisreallyhigh,wehavereallybadairquality,”saidPallaviPant,theheadofglobalhealthattheHealthEffectsInstitute.Andwhilethatpollutiontypicallydisappearsquickly—usuallyaroundnoononJuly5th—theconcentrationcanbehighenoughtoworsentheconditionforthosewithbreathingproblems.Citiesmakingtheswitchtohigh-techshowssaythere’replentyofotherreasonswhypeoplemaywanttoavoidtraditionalfireworks.“FireworkscanbeharmfultofolkswhosufferfromPTSD(創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙)orfamilieswhohavedogs.SaltLakeCityhasmorehouseholdswithdogsthanwedowithkids,”saidLynzeTwede,amanagerforSaltLakeCityPublicLands.“Beingawayfromfireworksisconsideredbymanytobethetendencyofthefuture.Dronesarereusable,whilewithfireworks,youhavesmoke,fallingdebris(碎片),andnoisewhichespeciallystressesdogsandpeoplewithPTSDout.”About12,264fireswerestartedbyfireworkdisplaysin2021,accordingtotheNationalFireProtectionAssociation.Thoseaddeduptoaround$59millionindirectpropertydamage.Butdataalsoshowsthatmuchofthewildfireriskcomesnotfromgrandpublicdisplays,butfromthesmall-scaleshowsonsidewalks.Itmaybetooearlytotellhowthistendencymaygetclosetosmallershowsandconsumers,butthepriceisalimitingfactor.4.WhatisthemostimportantreasonforU.S.cities’givinguptraditionalfireworkshows?A.Toreducefirerisks. B.Topreventnoisepollution.C.Toprotecttheenvironment. D.Tosupportnewtechnology.5.WhataboutfireworkstypicallythreatenspeoplewithPTSDanddogs?A.Theirthicksmoke. B.Theirfallingdebris.C.Theirfrighteningnoise. D.Theirshiningbrightlight.6.WhatdoesthedatafromtheNationalFireProtectionAssociationshow?A.Publicfireworkswinmorepeople’sfavor. B.Streetfireworkspresentmorefirethreats.C.Usageoffireworksisonthedecrease. D.Preventionoffireworksiscostly.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WhatresponseAmericanshavetodronelightshows.B.WhysomeU.S.citiesreplacefireworkswithdrones.C.HowAmericanscelebratespecialevents.D.HowdroneshowsdevelopinAmerica.【答案】4.C5.C6.B7.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章分析了美國(guó)一些城市在國(guó)慶節(jié)慶祝活動(dòng)中用無(wú)人機(jī)燈光秀取代傳統(tǒng)煙花表演的原因，包括保護(hù)環(huán)境、減少火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、避免噪音污染以及對(duì)特殊人群和寵物的影響等?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Maybemostimportantly,thedronesbeingemployedbymoreandmorecitiesforFourthofJulycelebrationsdon’tleavebehindablanketofsmokeatatimewhenAmerica’sairqualityisalreadyatitsworstindecades.(也許最重要的是，在美國(guó)空氣質(zhì)量已經(jīng)處于幾十年來(lái)最糟糕的時(shí)期，越來(lái)越多的城市在7月4日慶?；顒?dòng)中使用無(wú)人機(jī)，而無(wú)人機(jī)不會(huì)留下大量的煙霧)”可知，美國(guó)一些城市放棄傳統(tǒng)煙花表演最重要的原因是保護(hù)環(huán)境。故選C項(xiàng)。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Dronesarereusable,whilewithfireworks,youhavesmoke,fallingdebris(碎片),andnoisewhichespeciallystressesdogsandpeoplewithPTSDout.(無(wú)人機(jī)可以重復(fù)使用，而煙花則會(huì)帶來(lái)煙霧、墜落的碎片和噪音，這些尤其會(huì)讓狗和患有創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙的人感到緊張)”可知，燃放煙花的聲音會(huì)使患有創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙的人群和狗感到緊張。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Butdataalsoshowsthatmuchofthewildfireriskcomesnotfromgrandpublicdisplays,butfromthesmall-scaleshowsonsidewalks.(但數(shù)據(jù)也顯示，大部分野火風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并非來(lái)自大型公共煙花表演，而是來(lái)自人行道上的小型煙花表演)”可知，街頭煙花表演存在更大的火災(zāi)隱患。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Forthisyear’sFourthofJulycelebration,someU.S.citieshavereplacedtraditionalfireworkswithimpressivedrone(無(wú)人機(jī))lightshows.(在今年的7月4日慶祝活動(dòng)中，美國(guó)一些城市用令人印象深刻的無(wú)人機(jī)燈光秀取代了傳統(tǒng)的煙花表演)”和第二段中“Citiesmakingtheswitchtohigh-techshowssaythere’replentyofotherreasonswhypeoplemaywanttoavoidtraditionalfireworks.(改用高科技表演的城市表示，人們想要避免傳統(tǒng)煙花的原因還有很多)”可知，文章主要討論了美國(guó)一些城市為什么選擇用無(wú)人機(jī)燈光秀取代傳統(tǒng)煙花表演，包括保護(hù)環(huán)境、減少火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、避免噪音污染以及對(duì)應(yīng)激障礙患者和寵物的影響等多方面原因。故選B項(xiàng)。CWhenthecompanyOpenAIdevelopeditsnewartificialintelligence(AI)program,ChatGPT,inlate2022,educatorsbegantoworry.ChatGPTcouldcreatetextanditseemedthatahumanwroteit.HowcouldteachersdiscoverwhetherstudentswereusinglanguagecreatedbyanAIchatbottocheatonawritingtask?Asalinguistwhostudiestheeffectsoftechnologyonhowpeopleread,writeandthink,Ibelievethereareothermorepressingconcernsbesidescheating.TheseincludewhetherAI,moregenerally,threatensstudentwritingskills,thevalueofwritingasaprocess,andtheimportanceofseeingwritingasatoolforthinking.AspartofmyresearchontheeffectsofAIonhumanwriting,IsurveyedyoungadultsintheU.S.aboutsomeissuesrelatedtothoseeffects.Oneparticipantsaidthatatsomepointifyoudependonpredictivetext,you’regoingtoloseyourspellingabilities.Enter“WasRom”intoaGooglesearchandyou’regivenalistofchoiceslike“WasRomebuiltinaday”.Type“ple”intoatextmessageandyou’reoffered“please”and“plenty”.Thesetoolscompleteoursentencesautomatically,givinguslittlechancetothinkaboutourspelling,andcontinuouslyaskingustofollowtheirsuggestions.EvanSelinger,aphilosopher,worriedthatpredictivetextingreducesthepowerofwritingasaformofmentalactivityandpersonalexpression.“Byencouragingusnottothinktoodeeplyaboutourwords,predictivetechnologymaychangehowwedealwitheachother,”Selingerwrote,“Wegiveothersmorealgorithms(算法)andlessofourselves.Automationcanstopusthinkingandtheresultingtextdidn’tfeellikemineanymore.”IaskedChatGPTwhetheritwasathreattohumans’motivationtowrite.Thebotresponded:“Therewillalwaysbeademandforcreative,originalcontentthatrequirestheuniqueviewpointofahumanwriter.”Itcontinued:“Writingservesmanypurposesbeyondjustthecreationofcontent,suchasself-expression,communicationandpersonalgrowth,whichcancontinuetoencouragepeopletowriteevenifcertaintypesofwritingcanbeautomated.”Iwasgladtofindtheprogramhadseeminglyadmitteditslimitations.8.What’stheauthor’smainconcernaboutChatGPT?A.Whetheritwillleadtostudents’cheating.B.Whetheritwillwritearticleslikehumans.C.Howstudentswillmakeuseofitatschool.D.Whateffectsitwillhaveonstudents’writing.9.WhatwillpredictivetechnologydotousaccordingtoEvanSelinger?A.Giveusmorecreativeideas. B.Makeuswritelikeamachine.C.Encourageustothinkmoredeeply. D.Makeustendtoignoregrammaticalmistakes.10.WhatcanwelearnfromChatGPT’sresponse?A.Writingwillbecomecompletelyautomated.B.Robotswillworkwithhumansinwriting.C.Robotwritingwillbecomemorecreative.D.Humanwritingwillstillmatteralot.11.Whatmaytheauthorthinkofthebot’sreplytohisquestion?A.Satisfactory. B.One-sided.C.Ambiguous. D.Unacceptable.【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了ChatGPT對(duì)學(xué)生寫(xiě)作的影響及其潛在問(wèn)題。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Asalinguistwhostudiestheeffectsoftechnologyonhowpeopleread,writeandthink,Ibelievethereareothermorepressingconcernsbesidescheating.TheseincludewhetherAI,moregenerally,threatensstudentwritingskills,thevalueofwritingasaprocess,andtheimportanceofseeingwritingasatoolforthinking.(作為一名研究科技對(duì)人們閱讀、寫(xiě)作和思考方式影響的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家，我認(rèn)為除了作弊之外，還有其他更緊迫的問(wèn)題。這些問(wèn)題包括人工智能是否會(huì)威脅到學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作技能，寫(xiě)作作為一個(gè)過(guò)程的價(jià)值，以及將寫(xiě)作視為一種思考工具的重要性)”可知，作者更關(guān)注它對(duì)學(xué)生寫(xiě)作會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么影響。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“EvanSelinger,aphilosopher,worriedthatpredictivetextingreducesthepowerofwritingasaformofmentalactivityandpersonalexpression.“Byencouragingusnottothinktoodeeplyaboutourwords,predictivetechnologymaychangehowwedealwitheachother,”Selingerwrote,“Wegiveothersmorealgorithms(算法)andlessofourselves.Automationcanstopusthinkingandtheresultingtextdidn’tfeellikemineanymore.”(哲學(xué)家EvanSelinger擔(dān)心，預(yù)測(cè)性短信會(huì)削弱作為一種精神活動(dòng)和個(gè)人表達(dá)形式的寫(xiě)作的力量。Selinger寫(xiě)道，通過(guò)鼓勵(lì)我們不要太過(guò)深入地思考自己的語(yǔ)言，預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)可能會(huì)改變我們對(duì)待彼此的方式，“我們給了別人更多的算法，卻少了自己?！弊詣?dòng)化可以阻止我們思考，生成的文本感覺(jué)不再是我的了?！?”可知，EvanSelinger認(rèn)為預(yù)測(cè)性文本輸入技術(shù)讓表達(dá)出的自我更少，自動(dòng)化會(huì)阻止我們思考，生成的文本也不再像自己寫(xiě)的，所以預(yù)測(cè)性技術(shù)會(huì)讓我們像機(jī)器一樣寫(xiě)作。故選B。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thebotresponded:“Therewillalwaysbeademandforcreative,originalcontentthatrequirestheuniqueviewpointofahumanwriter.”Itcontinued:“Writingservesmanypurposesbeyondjustthecreationofcontent,suchasself-expression,communicationandpersonalgrowth,whichcancontinuetoencouragepeopletowriteevenifcertaintypesofwritingcanbeautomated.”(機(jī)器人回答說(shuō)：“對(duì)創(chuàng)造性的原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容的需求總是存在的，這需要人類作家的獨(dú)特觀點(diǎn)。”它還說(shuō)：“除了創(chuàng)造內(nèi)容之外，寫(xiě)作還有很多目的，比如自我表達(dá)、交流和個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)，即使某些類型的寫(xiě)作可以自動(dòng)化，這也會(huì)繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)人們寫(xiě)作?！?”可知，雖然未來(lái)有些寫(xiě)作會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化，但是那些原創(chuàng)、個(gè)性化的寫(xiě)作永遠(yuǎn)是需要的。由此推知，人類完成的寫(xiě)作很重要，機(jī)器無(wú)法取而代之。故選D。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Iwasgladtofindtheprogramhadseeminglyadmitteditslimitations.(我很高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目似乎已經(jīng)承認(rèn)了它的局限性)”可知，作者對(duì)ChatGPT的回答是滿意的。故選A。DOverthepast300years,1.5billionhectaresofforesthavebeenlost,resultinginbiodiversityloss,desertification,andincreasedfloodingrisks.InthebookTreewilding,ecologistJakeRobinsonexplainswhilethesolutiontoforestclearingmightappearstraightforward—simplyplantmillionsoftrees—therealityisfarmoreconfusing.Randomtreeplantingcanthreatenecosystemsandthelivelihoodsoflocalcommunities.Thisengagingbookmainlyrevealshowwell-developedapproachesarerequired—onethatintegratesthelatestscientificadvancements,forinstance.Treewildingasksustoreflectonourinterconnectednesswiththewoods,arealizationthatisperhapsthebiggest“secret”torestoringnature.Tree-plantinginitiativeshaveexplodedsincetheturnofthecentury.Globally,theareaofplantedforestsrosefrom170millionhectaresin1990to293millionhectaresin2020.However,unlessthoroughlyresearchedandwellorganized,treeplantingcanbackfire.Often,onlyonetypeoftreeisplantedacrosspiecesofland.Thisreducesbiodiversity,intermsofplantspeciesandthewildlifeandmicroorganisms(微生物)associatedwiththem.Becausetreesofthesamespeciescanallfallvictimtothesamediseases,awholeforestcanbewipedoutatonce.Moreover,non-nativetreescanwinoutoverlocalspecies,disturbingthelocalbalancedecosystems.Tosolveenvironmentalcrises,Robinsonadvocatesamoreinformedstrategy.HespeakstoForrestFleischman,aspecialistinforestandenvironmentalpolicy,whohighlightshowlocalpeopledependonforestsforhighlyself-sufficientagriculturalactivities.Fleischmanalsoproposesthatlocalsknowwellwhatspeciesarebestsuitedtotheenvironmentandhowthesespeciesareinterconnectedwiththelocalwildlifeandecosystem.Theauthoralsodescribestheconceptofecoacoustics(生態(tài)聲學(xué)).Theapproachusesthesoundsmadebyorganismsincludingbirdsandbatstoexplorethecompositionofandchangesinecosystems.WorkingwithecoacousticsspecialistCarlosAbrahams,Robinsonconcludesthatasforestsarerecovered,thenumberofanimalshiddeninthesoilincreases,producingan“undergroundsoundscape—ahiddensymphonyoflife”.Robinsonultimatelyemphasizesnaturalregeneration—justasaphoenix(amythicalbird)isrebornfromitsownashes,adamagedforestcanregenerateitself.12.WhatisthemainfocusofJakeRobinson’sTreewilding?A.Theimportanceoftechnologyinmodernagriculture.B.Thechangesofglobalforestsoverthepast300years.C.Majorbenefitsofmaintaininghealthyecosystems.D.Effectivemethodsinsolvingthelossofforests.13.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“backfire”inparagraph4?A.Leadtonegativeoutcomes. B.Producepredictableresults.C.Facilitaterelevantinitiatives. D.Encouragesustainablegrowth.14.WhatmightFleischmanexpecttree-plantingorganizerstodo?A.Increasethenumberofnon-nativespecies.B.Standardizeplantingpracticesacrossdifferentregions.C.Takeaccountofnatives’knowledgeinplantingprocesses.D.Encouragelocalstoadoptadvancedagriculturalmethods.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ForestClearingPosesaSeriousThreattoUsB.RepairingForestsIsMoreThanJustPlantingTreesC.NaturalRegenerationIstheKeytoEcosystemRestorationD.TheUndergroundSoundscapeAllowsUstoKnowNatureBetter【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章文章介紹了隨機(jī)植樹(shù)的潛在問(wèn)題，強(qiáng)調(diào)了科學(xué)植樹(shù)的重要性，并探討了生態(tài)聲學(xué)及自然再生在森林恢復(fù)中的作用。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“InthebookTreewilding,ecologistJakeRobinsonexplainswhilethesolutiontoforestclearingmightappearstraightforward—simplyplantmillionsoftrees—therealityisfarmoreconfusing.Randomtreeplantingcanthreatenecosystemsandthelivelihoodsoflocalcommunities.(在《Treewilding》一書(shū)中，生態(tài)學(xué)家杰克·羅賓遜解釋說(shuō)，雖然解決森林砍伐問(wèn)題的方法似乎很簡(jiǎn)單——只需種植數(shù)百萬(wàn)棵樹(shù)——但現(xiàn)實(shí)要復(fù)雜得多。隨意植樹(shù)會(huì)威脅生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的生計(jì))”和第三段中“Thisengagingbookmainlyrevealshowwell-developedapproachesarerequired—onethatintegratesthelatestscientificadvancements,forinstance.(這本引人入勝的書(shū)主要揭示了需要采用成熟的方法——例如，一種融合了最新科學(xué)進(jìn)展的方法)”可知，JakeRobinson在《Treewilding》一書(shū)中介紹了解決森林砍伐問(wèn)題看似簡(jiǎn)單，但現(xiàn)實(shí)要復(fù)雜得多，需要使用融合了最新科學(xué)成果的成熟方法來(lái)處理。所以，這本書(shū)主要關(guān)注的是解決森林砍伐導(dǎo)致的森林減少問(wèn)題的有效方法。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“However,unlessthoroughlyresearchedandwellorganized,treeplantingcanbackfire.(然而，除非進(jìn)行徹底的調(diào)查和組織，否則植樹(shù)可能會(huì)……)”和下文“Often,onlyonetypeoftreeisplantedacrosspiecesofland.Thisreducesbiodiversity,intermsofplantspeciesandthewildlifeandmicroorganisms(微生物)associatedwiththem.Becausetreesofthesamespeciescanallfallvictimtothesamediseases,awholeforestcanbewipedoutatonce.Moreover,nonnativetreescanwinoutoverlocalspecies,disturbingthelocalbalancedecosystems.(通常，在一片片土地上只種植一種樹(shù)。這會(huì)減少生物多樣性，包括植物物種以及與之相關(guān)的野生動(dòng)物和微生物。因?yàn)橥晃锓N的樹(shù)木都可能成為同一種疾病的受害者，整個(gè)森林可能會(huì)一下子被摧毀。此外，外來(lái)樹(shù)木可能會(huì)勝過(guò)本地物種，擾亂當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)平衡)”中對(duì)隨意植樹(shù)帶來(lái)的不良后果的介紹可推知，如果沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)徹底的調(diào)查和組織就隨意植樹(shù)，植樹(shù)就會(huì)“導(dǎo)致負(fù)面的結(jié)果”，所以backfire與意思一致A項(xiàng)“Leadtonegativeoutcomes.”。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中“HespeakstoForrestFleischman,aspecialistinforestandenvironmentalpolicy,whohighlightshowlocalpeopledependonforestsforhighlyselfsufficientagriculturalactivities.Fleischmanalsoproposesthatlocalsknowwellwhatspeciesarebestsuitedtotheenvironmentandhowthesespeciesareinterconnectedwiththelocalwildlifeandecosystem.(他與森林和環(huán)境政策專家福雷斯特·弗萊施曼交談，弗萊施曼強(qiáng)調(diào)了當(dāng)?shù)厝巳绾我揽可诌M(jìn)行高度自給自足的農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)。弗萊施曼還提出，當(dāng)?shù)厝撕芮宄男┪锓N最適合當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境，以及這些物種與當(dāng)?shù)匾吧鷦?dòng)物和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是如何相互關(guān)聯(lián)的)”可知，弗萊施曼認(rèn)為當(dāng)?shù)厝撕芮宄男┪锓N最適合當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境，以及這些物種與當(dāng)?shù)匾吧鷦?dòng)物和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是如何相互關(guān)聯(lián)的，由此推知，他會(huì)希望植樹(shù)組織者在植樹(shù)過(guò)程中考慮當(dāng)?shù)厝说闹R(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第二段中“InthebookTreewilding,ecologistJakeRobinsonexplainswhilethesolutiontoforestclearingmightappearstraightforward—simplyplantmillionsoftrees—therealityisfarmoreconfusing.Randomtreeplantingcanthreatenecosystemsandthelivelihoodsoflocalcommunities.(在《Treewilding》一書(shū)中，生態(tài)學(xué)家杰克·羅賓遜解釋說(shuō)，雖然解決森林砍伐問(wèn)題的方法似乎很簡(jiǎn)單——只需種植數(shù)百萬(wàn)棵樹(shù)——但現(xiàn)實(shí)要復(fù)雜得多。隨意植樹(shù)會(huì)威脅生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的生計(jì))”以及后面提到植樹(shù)要考慮科學(xué)成果、當(dāng)?shù)厝说闹R(shí)、采用生態(tài)聲學(xué)等多種因素來(lái)解決森林問(wèn)題，而不只是單純種樹(shù)。所以“RepairingForestsIsMoreThanJustPlantingTrees(修復(fù)森林不僅僅是種樹(shù))”能概括文章主旨，最適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。You’reabsorbedinamysterynovel,butinyourexcitementtodiscoverwhocommittedthecrime,youturnthepagetooquicklyandsliceopentheskinofyourpointerfinger.Youtakeadeepbreath,notbecauseyou’vejustlearnedthattheheadservantdidit,butbecausethetinycuthurtssobadly.Whyarepapercutssopainful?___16___Firstofall,humanfingerscarryahighconcentrationofnervecellscallednociceptors(傷害感受器)whichrespondtosignalsreleasedbydamagedcells.Papercutsprimarilysetoffnociceptors,whichsensecelldamagecausedbypressure,cutsandsmallholes.Activatednociceptorsletlooseachainofelectricalsignalsthattravelthroughnervefibers.___17___Sometimes,papercutscanalsostimulatenociceptorsthataresensitivetochemicals,suchasthewhitener(增白劑)usedtolightenpaper.Anextraterriblefeelingaroundapapercutmaybegenerated.___18___Thepaperitselfalsoaddstothepain.Althoughitlookssmoothtothenakedeye,atamicroscopiclevel,thedriedwoodfiberswithinpapermakethematerials’edgesquiterough.Thisroughtexturecausesmoreextensivecellulardamagethanastraight,cleanedgewould.Thatsaid,paper’sroughedgetypicallyonlyslicesthroughthetoptwolayersofskin—theouterskinlayerandtheinnerskinlayer.___19___Thislowersthelikelihoodthatthecutwillbecomecoveredbythickenedblood.Asaresult,thenervefibersremainexposedtotheenvironmentforaprolongedperiodoftimeandshootoffpainsignalswhenevertouched.Totreatapapercut,cleanthewoundwithsoapandwater,applyantibioticointment(抗生素軟膏)topreventinfection,andcoveritwithabandagetoblockoutdirtystuff.___20___However,ifthecutdoesn’timproveinthattime,you’dbetterseeadoctor.A.Therefore,itcauseslittletonobleeding.B.It’sacombinationoftwodifferentaspects.C.Mostpapercutsrecoverwithintwotothreedays.D.Handsareflexibleandpackedwithpain-sensitivecells.E.Thishelpsexplainwhyslicingopenyourfingerisalsosuperpainful.F.Butit’snotjustthephysicalmakeupthatmakespapercutssopainful.G.Ultimately,thesignalsreachabrainregionresponsibleforsensationsofpain.【答案】16.B17.G18.F19.A20.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章解釋了為什么被紙割傷的傷口會(huì)如此疼痛，以及如何處理傷口。【16題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Whyarepapercutssopainful?(為什么被紙劃傷這么痛？)”及下文“Firstofall,humanfingerscarryahighconcentrationofnervecellscallednociceptors(首先，人類的手指攜帶著高濃度的被稱為傷害感受器的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞，它對(duì)受損細(xì)胞釋放的信號(hào)做出反應(yīng)。)”，可知，劃線處是一個(gè)承上啟下的過(guò)渡句。而第三段“Thepaperitselfalsoaddstothepain.(但并不僅僅是身體上的化妝讓紙割傷如此痛苦)”也在解釋原因之一，說(shuō)明劃線處要集中歸納“為什么被紙劃傷這么痛？”，B選項(xiàng)“It’sacombinationoftwodifferentaspects.(這是兩個(gè)不同方面的結(jié)合。)”符合邏輯。即文章從兩方面解釋了為什么被紙割傷的傷口會(huì)如此疼痛？故選B?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Activatednociceptorsletlooseachainofelectricalsignalsthattravelthroughnervefibers.(被激活的傷害感受器釋放出一串電信號(hào)，通過(guò)神經(jīng)纖維傳播。)”可知，下文要進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，這些被激活的信號(hào)接下來(lái)的傳播路徑，G選項(xiàng)“Ultimately,thesignalsreachabrainregionresponsibleforsensationsofpain.(最終，這些信號(hào)到達(dá)大腦中負(fù)責(zé)疼痛感覺(jué)的區(qū)域。)”符合邏輯。故選G?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Thepaperitselfalsoaddstothepain.(報(bào)紙本身也增加了痛苦。)”可知，劃線處承接上文，并引起下文，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Butit’snotjustthephysicalmakeupthatmakespapercutssopainful.(但并不僅僅是身體上的化妝讓紙割傷如此痛苦。)”中notjust與下文also，形成上下承接關(guān)系，符合邏輯。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Thislowersthelikelihoodthatthecutwillbecomecoveredbythickenedblood.(這降低了傷口被粘稠的血液覆蓋的可能性。)”可知，上文要指出割傷并未出血或出血少，才能引出下文傷口不會(huì)被粘稠的血液覆蓋的結(jié)果。A選項(xiàng)“Therefore,itcauseslittletonobleeding.(因此，它幾乎不會(huì)引起出血。)”符合邏輯。故選A?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)下文“However,ifthecutdoesn’timproveinthattime,you’dbetterseeadoctor.(然而，如果傷口在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)沒(méi)有好轉(zhuǎn)，你最好去看醫(yī)生。)”可知，劃線處要提出一種結(jié)果，引出下文，沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)這種結(jié)果，采取怎么的措施。C選項(xiàng)“Mostpapercutsrecoverwithintwotothreedays.(大多數(shù)被紙劃傷的傷口會(huì)在兩到三天內(nèi)恢復(fù)。)”符合邏輯。故選C。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。In1983,asupermarathongatheredtheworld’stoprunnersforadifficultrace.Mostoftherunnerswere___21___bytheirsupportcrewandhadyearsoftrainingexperience.Butamongtheseaof___22___stoodCliffalone,afarmeringumboots(長(zhǎng)筒橡膠靴),whowasanobvious___23___tootherrunners.Whenhewasaskedabouthistraining,Cliff’s___24___wassimple:hehadgrownupona2,000-acrefarm,whereherding(放牧)sheeponfootwas___25___,astheycouldn’taffordhorses.Astheracebegan,thetoprunnersquicklyleftCliffbehind.However,Cliff___26___hisownpace,armshanginglooselyandrunningina___27___style.Mostpeopleassumedhewouldsoon___28___.Butwhenotherrunnersstoppedtorest,Cliffkepton,___29___therunnersaheadofhimsteadily.Tokeepfocusedduringtherace,hedrewonmemoriesofherdingsheepand_____30_____hewasmovinghissheepaheadofanapproachingstorm._____31_____,Cliffcompletedtheraceinfivedays,afulltwodaysfasterthanthepreviousrecord.Cliffbecamea(n)_____32_____overnight.Notonlydidhechallengethe_____33_____,buthewasalsogenerousinsharingtheprizemoneywiththeneedy.Inlaterlong-distanceraces,runners_____34_____hisrunningstyle,recognizingitsenergy-savingefficiency.Cliff’sstoryservesasa_____35_____thatlife’sraceisaboutperseveringinwhatwechoosetopursue.Gumbootsorrunningshoes,wewintheraceaslongaswejustdon’tquit.21.A.surrounded B.discovered C.interrupted D.separated22.A.fans B.winners C.professionals D.volunteers23.A.blessing B.inspiration C.challenge D.contrast24.A.lifestyle B.response C.history D.recreation25.A.impossible B.advisable C.necessary D.reasonable26.A.maintained B.gathered C.reduced D.measured27.A.formal B.classical C.practical D.relaxed28.A.standout B.dropout C.showoff D.speedup29.A.puttingupwith B.lookingupto C.catchingupwith D.breakingawayfrom30.A.realized B.expected C.regretted D.imagined31.A.Amazingly B.Desperately C.Sympathetically D.Strangely32.A.athlete B.coach C.celebrity D.activist33.A.rules B.patience C.authority D.limits34.A.adjusted B.adopted C.adapted D.established35.A.reminder B.foundation C.solution D.warning【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.C26.A27.D28.B29.C30.D31.A32.C33.D34.B35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了1983年超級(jí)馬拉松比賽中，一位名叫Cliff的農(nóng)民選手在比賽中堅(jiān)持不懈，最終以驚人的成績(jī)完成比賽，并成為一夜成名的故事。文章通過(guò)Cliff的故事，傳達(dá)了堅(jiān)持不懈的重要性。【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：大多數(shù)選手都被他們的支持團(tuán)隊(duì)包圍，并且有多年的訓(xùn)練經(jīng)驗(yàn)。A.surrounded包圍；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.interrupted打斷；D.separated分離。根據(jù)下文“theirsupportcrewa.”可知，選手們被支持團(tuán)隊(duì)包圍。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但在眾多專業(yè)選手中，只有Cliff獨(dú)自一人，他穿著長(zhǎng)筒橡膠靴，顯然與其他選手形成鮮明對(duì)比。A.fans粉絲；B.winners贏家；C.professionals專業(yè)人士；D.volunteers志愿者。根據(jù)上文“In1983,asupermarathongatheredtheworld’stoprunnersforadifficultrace”可知，結(jié)論，Cliff與其他專業(yè)選手形成對(duì)比。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但在眾多專業(yè)選手中，只有Cliff獨(dú)自一人，他穿著長(zhǎng)筒橡膠靴，顯然與其他選手形成鮮明對(duì)比。A.blessing祝福；B.inspiration靈感；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.contrast對(duì)比。根據(jù)上文“stoodCliffalone”可知，Cliff與其他選手形成對(duì)比。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)被問(wèn)及他的訓(xùn)練時(shí)，Cliff的回答很簡(jiǎn)單：他在一個(gè)2000英畝的農(nóng)場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)大，在那里徒步放牧是必要的，因?yàn)樗麄冑I(mǎi)不起馬。A.lifestyle生活方式；B.response回答；C.history歷史；D.recreation娛樂(lè)。根據(jù)上文“Whenhewasasked”可知，Cliff的回答很簡(jiǎn)單。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)被問(wèn)及他的訓(xùn)練時(shí)，Cliff的回答很簡(jiǎn)單：他在一個(gè)2000英畝的農(nóng)場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)大，在那里徒步放牧是必要的，因?yàn)樗麄冑I(mǎi)不起馬。A.impossible不可能的；B.advisable明智的；C.necessary必要的；D.reasonable合理的。根據(jù)下文“astheycouldn’taffordhorses.”可知，徒步放牧是必要的。故選C?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，Cliff保持著自己的節(jié)奏，手臂放松，以一種放松的風(fēng)格跑步。A.maintained保持；B.gathered聚集；C.reduced減少；D.measured測(cè)量。根據(jù)上文“Astheracebegan,thetoprunnersquicklyleftCliffbehind.However”可知，Cliff保持著自己的節(jié)奏。故選A?！?7題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，Cliff保持著自己的節(jié)奏，手臂放松，以一種放松的風(fēng)格跑步。A.formal正式的；B.classical古典的；C.practical實(shí)用的；D.relaxed放松的。根據(jù)上文“armshangingloosely”可知，Cliff以一種放松的風(fēng)格跑步。故選D?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為他很快就會(huì)退出比賽。A.standout突出；B.dropout退出；C.showoff炫耀；D.speedup加速。根據(jù)上文“Mostpeopleassumed”以及他不是專業(yè)的，可知，大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為他很快就會(huì)退出比賽。故選B?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)其他選手停下來(lái)休息時(shí)，Cliff繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，穩(wěn)步追上他前面的選手。A.puttingupwith忍受；B.lookingupto尊敬；C.catchingupwith追上；D.breakingawayfrom脫離。根據(jù)上文“Cliffkepton”可知，Cliff穩(wěn)步追上他前面的選手。故選C?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了在比賽中保持專注，他回憶起放牧羊群的經(jīng)歷，并想象自己正在將羊群趕在即將到來(lái)的風(fēng)暴之前。A.realized意識(shí)到；B.expected期望；C.regretted后悔；D.imagined想象。根據(jù)上文“hedrewonmemoriesofherdingsheep”可知，Cliff想象自己正在將羊群趕在即將到來(lái)的風(fēng)暴之前。故選D?！?1題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：令人驚訝的是，Cliff在五天內(nèi)完成了比賽，比之前的記錄快了兩天。A.Amazingly令人驚訝地；B.Desperately絕望地；C.Sympathetically同情地；D.Strangely奇怪地。根據(jù)下文“Cliffcompletedtheraceinfivedays,afulltwodaysfasterthanthepreviousrecord.”可知，Cliff的成績(jī)令人驚訝。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Cliff一夜之間成為名人。A.athlete運(yùn)動(dòng)員；B.coach教練；C.celebrity名人；D