湖南省衡陽市2024-2025學年高二英語上學期第一次月考試題含解析

Page25衡陽市2024學年度高二上期第一次月考英語試題時量：120分鐘分值：150分考試范圍：必修一Unit1至選必二Unit2第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Dryherhair.B.Washherhair.C.Takeashower.2.Whenwillthespeakersprobablystartsailingtomorrow?A.Intheearlymorning.B.Aroundnoon.C.Atmidnight.3.WhoisNolanprobably?A.Thespeakers’kid.B.Thespeakers’teacher.C.Thespeakers’audience.4.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthestore?A.Theselection.B.Theservice.C.Theprices.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Fruit.B.Sweets.C.Dance.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whenwasthewomanprobablyborn?A.In1991.B.In1992.C.In1993.7.Whatmusicarethespeakerslisteningtonow?A.Rockmusic.B.Rapmusic.C.Popmusic.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.HowdidthemangettoEdinburgh?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.9.Whatnationalityarethespeakersprobably?A.BritishB.German.C.American.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesn’tthewomanworryaboutAIartsoftware?A.HerbuyersrejectAI’screations.B.Itproduceslow-qualityartworks.C.Shedoesn’tworkintheartindustry.11.WhoisMarissa?A.Aphotographer.B.Acartoonist.C.Anartcollector.12.WhatisthepotentialproblemoftheAItoolsaccordingtothespeakers?A.Theircostsareincreasing.B.Theycan’tidentifymistakes.C.Companieshardlyusethem.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inaclassroom.B.Atagym.C.Inacafé.14.Whatisthemanlearningtodonow?A.Createminilandscapescenes.B.Painthisgarden.C.Drawpictures.15.Howdidthemanprobablyfeelwhileintroducinghishobby?A.Amused.B.Embarrassed.C.Proud.16.Whydoesthewomansupporttheman’shobby?A.Itrelatestohisfuturecareer.B.Ithelpshimfitinwithfriends.C.ItdevelopstraditionalChineseculture.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題17.Whatisthemainpurposeofthespeech?A.Todiscussapromotion.B.Tocongratulateonretirement.C.Tointroducethechangeofleadership.18.Whathappenedtothecompanyaround2000?A.Ithadanewboss.B.Itwasofficiallyestablished.C.Itexpandedintotheglobalmarket.19.HowdoesthespeakerdescribeShenHai’scharacter?AGood-naturedandhardworking.B.Flexibleandunderstanding.C.Strictandfair.20.Whatisthemostimportanttothespeaker?A.Environmentalprotection.B.Theemployees’benefits.C.Thecompany’sgoals.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AYellowstonePosterExhibitiontoBeonViewatUW’sCoeLibraryAfirst-of-its-kindexhibitionthatfocusesonthehistoryofYellowstoneNationalParkposterswillbeondisplayattheUniversityofWyoming’sCoeLibraryfromTuesday,February1.“WonderlandIllustrated”willpresentpostersandposter-styleillustrationsoftheparkspanningmorethanacenturyfromthe1870sthrough2022.TheexhibitionwillbelocatedonLevel3ofCoeLibrary.ItwillbeonviewthroughFriday,May27.Theexhibitiontakesplaceatthesametimeasthisyear’s150thanniversaryofthecreationofYellowstoneNationalPark.Thepostersintheexhibitionservethepurposeofbothadvertisingandart.“We’rethrilledtobeworkingwithYellowstonecollectorsJackandSusanDavis,andLarryandTheaLancastertobringthisexhibitiontotheUniversityofWyomingaspartofyear-longcelebrationsrecognizingYellowstone’s150thanniversary,”saysTamsenHert,headofUWLibraries’EmmettD.ChisumSpecialCollections.“Thisexhibitioninvolvesthehistoryofprinting,art,photographyandadvertisingover16decades.Theimagesreproducedarefoundontravelbrochures,postcardsandmaps—manyofwhichareheldinourcollections.”O(jiān)neposterfromtheexhibition—HenryWellge’s“YellowstoneNationalPark”from1904—wasrecentlypurchasedwithdonatedfundsandisnowpartofUWLibraries’EmmettD.ChisumSpecialCollections.Wellge,aproductiveartistofbird’s-eyeviews,designedthepiecefortheNorthernPacificRailroad,whichusedittoadvertisethepark.Thisisauniquepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhavesurvived.1.Howlongwilltheexhibition“WonderlandIllustrated”last?A.Abouttwoweeks. B.Aboutfourmonths.C.Aboutthreemonths. D.Aboutoneyear.2.Whatisapurposeoftheexhibition?A.Torememberafamousartist. B.Tomarktheanniversaryofanationalpark.C.ToraisefundsforCoeLibrary. D.TotellthehistoryoftheUniversityofWyoming.3.Whatdoweknowaboutthe1904posterHenryWellgedesigned?A.Itisownedbyaprofessor. B.Itisinblackandwhite.C.Itisprintedoncloth. D.Itisrareintheworld.【答案】1.B2.B3.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇新聞報道，介紹了將在懷俄明大學Coe圖書館舉辦的一場特別的展覽，這場展覽名為“WonderlandIllustrated”，專注于展示黃石國家公園海報的歷史。展覽將從2月1日開始，持續(xù)到5月27日，以慶祝黃石國家公園成立150周年?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Afirst-of-its-kindexhibitionthatfocusesonthehistoryofYellowstoneNationalParkposterswillbeondisplayattheUniversityofWyoming’sCoeLibraryfromTuesday,February1.(一個關(guān)于黃石國家公園海報歷史的首創(chuàng)展覽將于2月1日星期二在懷俄明大學Coe圖書館展出)”以及第二段“ItwillbeonviewthroughFriday,May27.(展覽將持續(xù)至5月27日，星期五)”可知，展覽從2月1日開始，到5月27日結(jié)束，大約持續(xù)了四個月的時間。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theexhibitiontakesplaceatthesametimeasthisyear’s150thanniversaryofthecreationofYellowstoneNationalPark.(此次展覽與今年黃石國家公園建園150周年紀念活動同期舉行)”可知，展覽的目的是為了紀念黃石國家公園成立150周年。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thisisauniquepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhavesurvived.(這是一件獨一無二的展品，因為這種海報是印在軟紙上的，留存下來的很少)”可知，HenryWellge設計的1904年的海報非常罕見，因為這樣的海報是印在軟紙上的，而且保存下來的非常少?？赏评沓鲞@種海報在世界上是罕見的，故選D項。BGrowingupinKenya,LeseirMutunkei,togetherwithhisfamily,alwayscelebratedsignificantoccasionsbyplantingtrees,whichmotivatedhimtoprotecttheenvironment.It’swhatthe18-year-oldsoccerplayertreasures,especiallysinceKenya’songoingproblem-deforestation.LeseinfollowsinthefootstepsofthelateKenyanNobelPeacePrizewinnerWangariMaathaiwhofoundedtheGreenBeltMovementin1977.Thisinitiativehasresultedintheplantingofover51milliontreestodate.In2018,Leseindecidedtostartamovementofhisown.Hestartedbyplantingonetreeforeverygoalhescoredduringafootballmatch.HecalleditTrees4Goals,andwhenhescoresagoal,heplants11trees—onetorepresenteachplayeronhisteam.Throughthis,hewantstoinspireyoungpeople,specificallyhisfellowathletes,tofollowinhisfootsteps,takenatureconservationseriously,andpromisetoplanttreeseverytimetheyscore.Asaresult,someofthemhaveadaptedthispracticeforrespectivesports.“Seeingthatthey’retakingthatresponsibilitybecauseoftheprojectIstarted,Ithinkthatisthebiggestachievement,”hesaid.TheinitiativehascaughttheattentionofArsenalFootballClubandKenya’sMinistryofEnvironment,ClimateChangeandForestry,whichhenowworkswithregularlyandgetsadvicefrom.LiketheGreenBeltMovement,Trees4Goals,whichhasplantedover5,500treessofar,hasmadeit.WhileLeseinhasreceivedsomerecognitionforhisinitiative,hesetshissightsonmakingitaworldwidephenomenon.“Footballisauniversalgame,andclimatechangeisauniversalproblem,”heexplains.“Ithasthepowertounite,educateandinspiremygenerationtocreateasaferandgreenerfuture.”Thisiswhyhewantstoworkwiththeworld’sbiggestfootballfederationFIFA.Asforwhatotherscandotofightdeforestationorotherenvironmentalconcerns,Leseinsaysitsimportanttojustgetinvolvedinsomeway,nomatterhowsmall.4.WhatmadeLeseingetinterestedinenvironmentalprotection?A.Hisfellowathletes’encouragement. B.Thedemandsofthefootballteam.C.Theinfluenceofhisfamily. D.WangariMaathai’sconsiderableassistance.5.WhydidLeseinfoundTrees4Goals?A.Tosetanexampleforothers. B.Toshowhisachievements.C.TogainKenya’ssupport. D.TocatchArsenalFootballClub’sattention.6.WhatisLesein’shopeforthefutureofTrees4Goals?A.Promotingfootball’sdevelopment. B.GettingbeyondtheGreenBeltMovement.C.Beatingclimatechangecompletely. D.GoingglobalwiththehelpofFIFA.7.WhatcanwelearnfromLesein’sstory?A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.C.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文?？夏醽?8歲足球運動員LeseinMutunkei發(fā)起一項運動，旨在激勵年輕人關(guān)注環(huán)保，得到多方支持?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“GrowingupinKenya,LeseirMutunkei,togetherwithhisfamily,alwayscelebratedsignificantoccasionsbyplantingtrees,whichmotivatedhimtoprotecttheenvironment.(在肯尼亞長大的LeseirMutunkei和他的家人總是通過植樹來慶祝重要的節(jié)日，這促使他保護環(huán)境)”可知，Lesein家庭的影響讓Lesein對環(huán)境保護感興趣。故選C。【5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Throughthis,hewantstoinspireyoungpeople,specificallyhisfellowathletes,tofollowinhisfootsteps,takenatureconservationseriously,andpromisetoplanttreeseverytimetheyscore.(他希望借此激勵年輕人，特別是他的運動員同伴，跟隨他的腳步，認真對待自然保護，并承諾每次得分都要植樹)”可知，Lesein發(fā)起這一運動是為了作出表率來激勵他人保護環(huán)境，為他人樹立榜樣。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“WhileLeseinhasreceivedsomerecognitionforhisinitiative,hesetshissightsonmakingitaworldwidephenomenon.(雖然Lesein的倡議得到了一些認可，但他的目標是讓它成為一種全球現(xiàn)象)”及“Thisiswhyhewantstoworkwiththeworld’sbiggestfootballfederationFIFA.(這就是為什么他想與世界上最大的足球聯(lián)盟國際足聯(lián)合作)”可知，Lesein希望在國際足聯(lián)的幫助下讓這一運動走向全球。故選D。7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)文章第一段“GrowingupinKenya,LeseirMutunkei,togetherwithhisfamily,alwayscelebratedsignificantoccasionsbyplantingtrees,whichmotivatedhimtoprotecttheenvironment.It’swhatthe18-year-oldsoccerplayertreasures,especiallysinceKenya’songoingproblem-deforestation.(在肯尼亞長大的LeseirMutunkei和他的家人總是通過植樹來慶祝重要的節(jié)日，這促使他保護環(huán)境。這是這位18歲的足球運動員所珍惜的，尤其是在肯尼亞持續(xù)存在的森林砍伐問題之后)”和第二段“LeseinfollowsinthefootstepsofthelateKenyanNobelPeacePrizewinnerWangariMaathaiwhofoundedtheGreenBeltMovementin1977.Thisinitiativehasresultedintheplantingofover51milliontreestodate.(Mutunkei追隨了已故的肯尼亞諾貝爾和平獎得主WangariMaathai的腳步，后者于1977年創(chuàng)立了綠帶運動。迄今為止，這一舉措已導致種植了5100多萬棵樹)”和倒數(shù)第三段“TheinitiativehascaughttheattentionofArsenalFootballClubandKenya’sMinistryofEnvironment,ClimateChangeandForestry,whichhenowworkswithregularlyandgetsadvicefrom.(這項倡議引起了阿森納足球俱樂部和肯尼亞環(huán)境、氣候變化和林業(yè)部的注意，他現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常與他們合作，并從他們那里得到建議)”可知，Lesein從小耳濡目染，很有環(huán)保意識，后來受到諾貝爾和平獎的獲得者WangariMaathai發(fā)起的“綠帶運動”的啟發(fā)，也發(fā)起了一項激勵他人保護環(huán)境的運動，并取得了成功。他的故事說明：積極的思考和行動會帶來成功。故選B。CFoodpackagingfromaroundtheworldcontainsatleast68“foreverchemicals”thatcanseepintowhatweeat,anewstudyfinds.And61ofthemarenotevensupposedtobeusedinsuchproducts.“It’snotclearwhythelatterchemicals,whicharenotonlistsofthoseauthorizedforuseinfoodcontainers,areinsuchpackaging.”saysthestudy’sauthorBirgitGeueke.Thestudyfocusedonaclassofchemicalscalledperfluoroalkylandpolyfluoroalkylsubstances(PFASs),whicharesometimescalled“foreverchemicals”becausetheydon’tbreakdownreadilyintheenvironmentorinthebody.That’sbecausetheircharacteristiccarbon-fluorinebondisoneofthestrongestinnature.Fordecades,thesesubstanceshavebeenusedinawiderangeofconsumerproducts,fromcookwaretopesticidestocosmetics,becausetheyareproofagainstwaterandgrease.GeuekeandherteamfoundamismatchbetweenwhattheydetectedinactualproductsandadatabaseofPFASchemicalsauthorizedforuseinfoodpackaging.About140PFASsareknowntobeusedinfoodpackaging,butonlysevenofthe68chemicalsinthestudywereonthislist.Geuekesaysit’sunclearhoworwhytheother61chemicalsturnedup.DavidAndrews,achemistandtoxicologistatanonprofitenvironmentaladvocacyorganization,suggestsit’spossiblethatunknownimpuritiesemergedduringthemanufacturingoftheauthorizedchemicalsorthattheauthorizedPFASsdegradeovertime.Thisclassofchemicalsincludesmanylong-chainmolecules,andtheycanbreakintoshorterchainsthataresimplydifferenttypesofPFASs.PFASshavebeenfoundinhumanbloodandbreastmilk,drinkingwater,soilandotherstartlingplacesaroundtheworld.ExposuretosomeofthemoststudiedPFASshasbeenassociatedwithcancer,reproductiveproblemsandlessenedresponsestovaccines.“There’sanincrediblebodyofscientificevidencelinkingPFASchemicalstohealthharm,”saysAndrews.ManycountriesareevaluatingrestrictionsofPFASsinfoodpackaging.ChemicalindustryrepresentativeshaveadvocatedfordealingwithPFASsasindividualchemicals.Beforepublishingthenewstudy,ScientificAmericanreachedouttotheAmericanChemistryCouncil(ACC),achemistryindustrytradeassociation,aboutit,buttheorganizationdidnotreply.OnitsdedicatedPFASwebpage,ACCnotesthat“allPFASsarenotthesame.Eachindividualchemicalhasitsownuniquepropertiesanduses.”AndrewsandGeuekebothsaythepresenceofunknownPFASsinfoodpackagingisgoodreasontoregulatethesechemicalsasasingleclass—apositionsharedwithmanyotherscientificexpertsandenvironmentalprotectiongroups.Therearemorethan12,000knownPFASs,andscientistsdon’tknowmuchaboutmostofthem.“OnlysomePFASshaveeverbeentestedfortoxicity,”Geuekesays,and“thereareprobablyotherwaystoproducefoodpackaging.”8.WhatcanwelearnaboutPFASsfromthepassage?A.Theyareabletoresistwaterandgrease. B.Theylastlongandneverbreakdown.C.Theycontainthelongestchemicalbond. D.Theyaremainlyusedforfoodpackaging.9.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph3?A.Thepotentialusageoftheunknownimpurities.B.Theauthorizationoffoodpackagingchemicals.C.ThelikelytransformingprocessfromPFASsintonewchemicals.D.ThepossibleexplanationforthepresenceofunauthorizedPFASs.10.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph5?A.ChemicalindustryhasworkedoutwaystousePFASssafelyindifferentproducts.B.ACCagreeswithchemicalindustryrepresentativesregardingPFASs.C.ScientificAmericanhasgottheauthoritativepowerindealingwithPFASs.D.ACCsupportstestingmoreunknownPFASsfortoxicity.11.WhichwouldGeuekeprobablyagreewith?A.LawsshouldbemadetobantheuseofPFASs.B.Foodpackagingalternativesshouldbeexplored.C.Thechemicalsinfoodpackagingshouldbelisted.D.ScientistsshouldcontinuediscoveringnewPFASs.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了世界各地的食品包裝中至少含有68種“永久化學物質(zhì)”，它們會滲入我們所吃的食物中。一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。其中61種甚至不應該用于此類產(chǎn)品。對此科學家進行了研究?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thestudyfocusedonaclassofchemicalscalledperfluoroalkylandpolyfluoroalkylsubstances(PFASs),whicharesometimescalled“foreverchemicals”becausetheydon’tbreakdownreadilyintheenvironmentorinthebody.That’sbecausetheircharacteristiccarbon-fluorinebondisoneofthestrongestinnature.Fordecades,thesesubstanceshavebeenusedinawiderangeofconsumerproducts,fromcookwaretopesticidestocosmetics,becausetheyareproofagainstwaterandgrease.(這項研究的重點是一類被稱為全氟烷基和多氟烷基物質(zhì)（PFASs）的化學物質(zhì)，它們有時被稱為“永久化學物質(zhì)”，因為它們在環(huán)境或體內(nèi)不易分解。這是因為它們特有的碳氟鍵是自然界中最強的鍵之一。幾十年來，這些物質(zhì)被廣泛應用于各種消費品中，從炊具到殺蟲劑再到化妝品，因為它們可以防水和防油脂。)”可知，PFASs能抵抗水和油脂。故選A。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“GeuekeandherteamfoundamismatchbetweenwhattheydetectedinactualproductsandadatabaseofPFASchemicalsauthorizedforuseinfoodpackaging.About140PFASsareknowntobeusedinfoodpackaging,butonlysevenofthe68chemicalsinthestudywereonthislist.Geuekesaysit’sunclearhoworwhytheother61chemicalsturnedup.DavidAndrews,achemistandtoxicologistatanonprofitenvironmentaladvocacyorganization,suggestsit’spossiblethatunknownimpuritiesemergedduringthemanufacturingoftheauthorizedchemicalsorthattheauthorizedPFASsdegradeovertime.Thisclassofchemicalsincludesmanylong-chainmolecules,andtheycanbreakintoshorterchainsthataresimplydifferenttypesofPFASs.(Geueke和她的團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們在實際產(chǎn)品中檢測到的PFAS化學物質(zhì)與授權(quán)用于食品包裝的PFAS化學物質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)庫不匹配。已知約有140種全氟辛烷化合物用于食品包裝，但研究中68種化學物質(zhì)中只有7種在清單上。Geueke說，目前還不清楚其他61種化學物質(zhì)是如何或為什么出現(xiàn)的。非營利環(huán)保組織的化學家和毒理學家DavidAndrews認為，可能是在生產(chǎn)授權(quán)化學品的過程中出現(xiàn)了未知的雜質(zhì)，或者是授權(quán)的全氟辛醚隨著時間的推移而降解。這類化學物質(zhì)包括許多長鏈分子，它們可以分解成不同類型的PFASs的短鏈。)”可知，第3段主要是關(guān)于存在未經(jīng)授權(quán)的PFASs的可能解釋。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第五段“ChemicalindustryrepresentativeshaveadvocatedfordealingwithPFASsasindividualchemicals.Beforepublishingthenewstudy,ScientificAmericanreachedouttotheAmericanChemistryCouncil(ACC),achemistryindustrytradeassociation,aboutit,buttheorganizationdidnotreply.OnitsdedicatedPFASwebpage,ACCnotesthat“allPFASsarenotthesame.Eachindividualchemicalhasitsownuniquepropertiesanduses.”(化學工業(yè)代表主張將全氟辛烷磺酸作為單獨的化學品來處理。在發(fā)表這項新研究之前，《科學美國人》就此事聯(lián)系了化學工業(yè)貿(mào)易協(xié)會美國化學理事會（ACC），但該組織沒有回復。ACC在其專門的PFAS網(wǎng)頁上指出，“并非所有PFAS都相同。每種化學物質(zhì)都有其獨特的性質(zhì)和用途?！?”可知，ACC沒有回應ScientificAmerican的詢問，但ACC在其網(wǎng)頁上指出“并非所有PFAS都相同。每種化學物質(zhì)都有其獨特的性質(zhì)和用途?！?。這表明ACC同意化學行業(yè)代表的觀點。故選B?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““OnlysomePFASshaveeverbeentestedfortoxicity,”Geuekesays,and“thereareprobablyotherwaystoproducefoodpackaging.”Sshaveeverbeentestedfortoxicity,”Geuekesays,and“thereareprobablyotherwaystoproducefoodpackaging.”(Geueke說：“只有一些全氟辛烷磺酸被測試過毒性，可能還有其他生產(chǎn)食品包裝的方法?！?”可知，Geueke認同應探索食品包裝替代品。故選B。DPicturethis:Yourcomputercouldsenseyouremotionsasyouworked—feelingyourjoyatcompletingatask,yourboredomduringrepetitivedataentry,oryourfrustrationwhenanerrormessagekeepsemerging.Thismightsoundlikesciencefiction,butresearchersarebringingthisvisionclosertorealitybydevelopingadvancedcomputationalmodelsthatcanpredicthumanemotionsduringcomputerinteractions.AttheforefrontofthiseffortisateamofFinnishscientistswhohavecreatedamodel.Themodelessentiallyputsitselfintheuser’sshoes,simulating(模擬)theseriesofactions,outcomes,andcognitiveappraisals(認知評估)thatultimatelygiverisetoemotionslikehappiness,boredom,orfrustration.Totesttheirmodel,theresearchersdesignedaseriesofinteractivecomputertasksmeanttocausespecificemotions.Inthe“happiness”task,usersansweredaseriesofquestionsandreceivedpositivefeedbackforcorrectresponses.The“boredom”taskinvolvedaseriesofrepetitivequestions.Inthe“frustration”task,thesystemwasintentionallyprogrammedtodisplayerrormessagesandultimatelyfail,regardlessoftheuser’sanswers.Asstudyparticipantsworkedthroughthesetasks,theemotionalreactionspredictedbythemodelcloselymatchedtheemotionsreportedbytheusersthemselves.Themodelwasevenabletodiscoversmallchanges,suchasasteadyincreaseinfrustrationoverthecourseoftheerror-riddentask.Theresearchersbelievetheiremotion-predictingmodelcouldpavethewayforanewgenerationofemotionallyintelligentcomputersthatcantailortheirbehaviortotheuser’spsychologicalstate.Aneffectivesystemmightofferastressedusercomfortingwordsofencouragement,livenupaboringtaskwithhumor,orprovideemotionalassistancewhenfrustrationmounts.“Bycreatinginteractionsthataremoreemotionallyattuned,designerscouldboostuserengagement,productivity,andoverallwell-being,”theyadd.However,themodelisstillinprogressandneedstobeextendedtorecognizeawiderrangeofemotionsacrossmorecomplex,real-worldcomputerinteractions.Theresearchersalsoemphasizetheimportanceofgatheringmorediversetrainingdatatoensurethemodelcanaccuratelypredictemotionsforusersofallbackgrounds.12.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Bycreatinganimaginaryscene.C.Bytellingareallifestory. D.Bysharingapopularbook.13.Whatwerecomputerusersaskedtodointhestudy?A.Comforteachother. B.Reporttheirfeelings.C.Getridofboredom. D.Staydisconnectedonline.14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Greatimprovementsonthemodel. B.Characteristicsoffuturecomputerusers.C.Researchers’expectationoftheirmodel. D.Computerusers’responsestothemodel.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SmartComputersMayReplaceHumansB.InteractionswithComputersAreEnjoyableC.ComputersMightUnderstandOurEmotionsD.AnEmotion-predictingModelMeetsChallenges【答案】12.B13.B14.C15.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。芬蘭科學家設計了能夠預測人類在使用計算機過程中所展現(xiàn)的情緒的計算機模型。這一模型有望為新一代的情感智能計算機鋪路。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Picturethis:Yourcomputercouldsenseyouremotionsasyouworked—feelingyourjoyatcompletingatask,yourboredomduringrepetitivedataentry,oryourfrustrationwhenanerrormessagekeepsemerging.

(想象一下：你的電腦可以在你工作時感覺到你的情緒——感覺到完成任務的快樂，重復數(shù)據(jù)輸入時的無聊，或者當錯誤消息不斷出現(xiàn)時的沮喪。)

”可知，作者通過創(chuàng)造一個想象中的場景來引入文本的主題，即計算機能夠感知用戶的情緒。故選B項。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthe“happiness”task,usersansweredaseriesofquestionsandreceivedpositivefeedbackforcorrectresponses.The“boredom”taskinvolvedaseriesofrepetitivequestions.Inthe“frustration”task,thesystemwasintentionallyprogrammedtodisplayerrormessagesandultimatelyfail,regardlessoftheuser’sanswers.

(在“幸?！比蝿罩?，用戶回答了一系列問題，并收到了正確答案的積極反饋?！盁o聊”任務涉及一系列重復的問題。在“挫折”任務中，系統(tǒng)被有意編程為顯示錯誤消息并最終失敗，而不管用戶的答案如何。)

”可知，參與者在不同任務中被要求回答問題、接受反饋等任務，而這些任務設計的目的是引發(fā)特定的情緒，即計算機使用者在研究中需要告知他們的感受。故選B項?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Theresearchersbelievetheiremotion-predictingmodelcouldpavethewayforanewgenerationofemotionallyintelligentcomputersthatcantailortheirbehaviortotheuser’spsychologicalstate.

(研究人員相信，他們的情緒預測模型可以為新一代情緒智能計算機鋪平道路，這些計算機可以根據(jù)用戶的心理狀態(tài)調(diào)整他們的行為。)

”可知，本段主要介紹了研究人員對這個模型的期待——希望它能為新一代的情感智能計算機鋪路，而不是模型本身的改進、未來計算機用戶的特點或計算機用戶對模型的反應。故選C項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Picturethis:Yourcomputercouldsenseyouremotionsasyouworked—feelingyourjoyatcompletingatask,yourboredomduringrepetitivedataentry,oryourfrustrationwhenanerrormessagekeepsemerging.

(想象一下：你的電腦可以在你工作時感覺到你的情緒——感覺到完成任務的快樂，重復數(shù)據(jù)輸入時的無聊，或者當錯誤消息不斷出現(xiàn)時的沮喪。)

”和第二段“AttheforefrontofthiseffortisateamofFinnishscientistswhohavecreatedamodel.Themodelessentiallyputsitselfintheuser’sshoes,simulating(模擬)theseriesofactions,outcomes,andcognitiveappraisals(認知評估)thatultimatelygiverisetoemotionslikehappiness,boredom,orfrustration.

(這項工作的最前沿是一個芬蘭科學家團隊，他們創(chuàng)建了一個模型。該模型本質(zhì)上是設身處地地為用戶著想，模擬一系列最終導致幸福、無聊或沮喪等情緒的行為、結(jié)果和認知評估。)

”可知，本文主要介紹了芬蘭科學家設計的能夠預測人類在使用計算機過程中所展現(xiàn)的情緒的計算機模型，這說明計算機也許能夠理解人類的情緒了。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Picturethis:you’rebakingcookies.Asyouliftthepanoutoftheoven,yourbarearmaccidentallytouchesit.Ouch!Whydidyoufeelpain?Andhowisyourbraininvolvedinsensingpain?Wemaynotlikepain,butourbodiesneeditasawarningsystem.____16____Therearespecialreceptorcellsinourskinandbodiesthataresensitivetocertainstimuli(刺激).Thesecellsarecalled“nociceptors”.Whenanociceptorgetsexposedtoapainfulstimulus,itsendsamessageintothebrain.Thebrainprocessesthatinformation,andthenpainisfelt.____17____Thinkaboutatimewhenyou’vestubbedyourtoe.Theredoesn’tseemtobeadelaybetweenhittingyourtoeandthenfeelingpain:itfeelslikeithappensatthesametime.____18____Ifwehaveaninjury,painalertsustorestandlettheinjuryheal.Ifwestandtooclosetoafire,paintellsustomoveaway.Notbeingabletofeelpaincanbedangerous.Somepeoplecanfeelsensationsliketouch,buttheycannotfeelpain.Withoutfeelingpain,theycannotlistentotheirbodieswhentheyneedtorestorheal.Ontheotherhand,thebrainsometimesprocessespainwherethereisn’tanyactualinjurytothebody.Here’safamousstory:amansteppedonanail.Itwentthroughthebottomofhisshoe,andhefeltlikehewasinhorriblepain.Whenthedoctorsremovedhisshoe,theyfoundthatthenailwasbetweenhistoes!Ithadn’tgoneintohisfootatall.____19____Sohisbrainperceivedpaintomatchtheexperience.Withoutpain,wemightnotknowwhenwecouldneedtorest.Wemightnotknowifwewereindangerofhurtingourselves.____20____However,itisanimportantpartofhumanlifeandsurvival!A.Painisnotfuntofeel.B.Painisaresponsetoastimulus.C.Ourbrainsusesensoryinformationtointerpretthepainthatwefeel.D.Eventhoughpainisanunpleasantfeelingitisnecessaryforhumansurvival.E.Allofthissignalsendingandprocessinghappensfasterthanwecanperceive.F.Itisanimportantfunctionofourbrain,tellingourbodieswhensomethingiswrong.G.However,thevisualinformationtrickedhisbrainintothinkingthattherewascauseforalarm.【答案】16.F17.E18.D19.G20.A【解析】【導語】本文體裁為說明文。文章通過日常生活中的例子解釋了疼痛的感覺機制、疼痛對人類生存的重要作用及其有時與實際傷害無關(guān)的現(xiàn)象，旨在向讀者普及關(guān)于疼痛的生物學知識及其對身體健康的意義。【16題詳解】由上文“Picturethis:you’rebakingcookies.Asyouliftthepanoutoftheoven,yourbarearmaccidentallytouchesit.Ouch!Whydidyoufeelpain?Andhowisyourbraininvolvedinsensingpain?Wemaynotlikepain,butourbodiesneeditasawarningsystem.(想象一下：你在烤餅干。當你把平底鍋從烤箱里拿出來的時候，你的手臂不小心碰到了它。哎喲！你為什么感到疼痛？你的大腦是如何感知疼痛的？我們可能不喜歡疼痛，但我們的身體需要它作為一種警告系統(tǒng)。)”可知，接下來的句子會進一步闡述疼痛作為一種警告系統(tǒng)的功能。因此，選項F“Itisanimportantfunctionofourbrain,tellingourbodieswhensomethingiswrong(這是大腦的一項重要功能，它告訴我們的身體何時出了問題)”承接了上文的“警告系統(tǒng)”，符合題意。故選F?！?7題詳解】由上文“Therearespecialreceptorcellsinourskinandbodiesthataresensitivetocertainstimuli(刺激).Thesecellsarecalled“nociceptors”.Whenanociceptorgetsexposedtoapainfulstimulus,itsendsamessageintothebrain.Thebrainprocessesthatinformation,andthenpainisfelt.(我們的皮膚和身體中有一些特殊的受體細胞，它們對某些刺激很敏感。這些細胞被稱為“傷害感受器”。當傷害感受器受到疼痛刺激時，它會向大腦發(fā)送信息。大腦處理這些信息，然后感覺疼痛。)”可知，上文描述了疼痛信號如何從皮膚的受體細胞發(fā)送到大腦并被感知的過程，緊接著應該繼續(xù)討論這一過程。因此，選項E“Allofthissignalsendingandprocessinghappensfasterthanwecanperceive(所有這些信號發(fā)送和處理的速度都快于我們的感知速度)”解釋了為什么疼痛感覺似乎是即時發(fā)生的，能承接上文，符合題意。故選E?！?8題詳解】由下文“Ifwehaveaninjury,painalertsustorestandlettheinjuryheal.Ifwestandtooclosetoafire,paintellsustomoveaway.Notbeingabletofeelpaincanbedangerous.Somepeoplecanfeelsensationsliketouch,buttheycannotfeelpain.Withoutfeelingpain,theycannotlistentotheirbodieswhentheyneedtorestorheal.(如果我們受傷了，疼痛會提醒我們休息，讓傷口愈合。如果我們站得離火太近，疼痛會告訴我們走開。感覺不到疼痛是很危險的。有些人能感覺到觸摸之類的感覺，但他們感覺不到疼痛。如果感覺不到疼痛，當他們需要休息或治療時，他們就無法傾聽自己身體的聲音。)”可知，本空之后的內(nèi)容講述的是疼痛的實際作用，比如提醒我們休息和避免進一步傷害。因此，這里需要一個過渡句來引出疼痛的正面意義。選項D“Eventhoughpainisanunpleasantfeeling,itisnecessaryforhumansurvival(盡管疼痛是一種不愉快的感覺，但它對人類生存是必要的)”既承認了疼痛的負面特性，又引出了其必要性，能引起下文，符合題意。故選D?！?9題詳解】由上文“Ontheotherhand,thebrainsometimesprocessespainwherethere