2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Module3InterpersonalRelationships-FriendshipSectionⅢGrammar-動詞-ing形式的完成式作狀語及動詞-ing形式與不定式作賓語教案含解析外研版選修6

PAGE1-SectionⅢGrammar—動詞-ing形式的完成式作狀語及動詞-ing形式與不定式作賓語[語法初識]原句感知自主探究①Havinglostallmyfriends,Ifeltshyandlonelyatmynewschool.②Havingleftsomethinginthecloakroom,Iwentinsidetogetit.③Thisweekend,havingthoughtaboutthesituationforawhile,IdecidedtoaskRoyaboutthetheft...④Thegirlsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercameintotheroom.⑤Walkingalongtheroad,thegirlsstoppedtolookinashopwindow.⑥D(zhuǎn)oyouremembergoingtoschoolforthefirsttime?⑦Remembertogivemearingwhenyougethome.1.前三個例句中動詞-ing形式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，其邏輯主語是句子的主語。2．例句④中stopdoingsth.表示停止正在做的事情；例句⑤中stoptodosth.表示停下來去做某事。3．例句⑥中rememberdoingsth.表示記住做過某事；例句⑦中remembertodosth.表示記著去做某事。[語法剖析]語法點(diǎn)一動詞-ing形式的完成式作狀語1．動詞-ing形式的完成式作狀語基本用法(1)基本形式：having＋過去分詞否定形式：nothaving＋過去分詞完成式的被動式：havingbeen＋過去分詞(2)成分：動詞-ing形式的完成式在句中可作狀語，常表示時間、緣由等。(3)功能：所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，假如該動作與句子的主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，則用主動形式havingdone；假如是動賓關(guān)系，則用被動形式havingbeendone。Havinglivedinthecityforthreeyears,sheknowsitwell.在這個城市生活了三年，她對這里已經(jīng)很熟識了。Nothavingfinishedthehomework,thepupildoesn’tdaretogotoschool.由于還沒有完成作業(yè)，這個學(xué)生不敢去上學(xué)。Havingbeeninvitedtospeak,I’llstartmakingpreparationstomorrow.已經(jīng)被邀請發(fā)表講話，我明天將起先做些準(zhǔn)備。2．動詞-ing形式的一般式和完成式作狀語的用法區(qū)分(1)動詞-ing形式的一般式，作狀語時與句子主語之間為主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作與句子謂語動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，常表示時間、條件、緣由或結(jié)果等。Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinYan’an.當(dāng)他看到那些圖片時，就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。Workinghard,youwillpasstheentranceexam.假如你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會通過入學(xué)考試。(2)動詞-ing形式的完成式，作狀語時與句子主語為主動或被動關(guān)系，所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，常表示時間或緣由等。Havinggotourtickets,wedrovetotheairporttoboardtheplane.買到機(jī)票之后，我們就開車到機(jī)場登機(jī)。集中演練11－1.單句語法填空①Having_analysed(analyse)thedata,thescientistsconcludedthatthediseasewascausedbythepollutedwater.②Having_been_warned(warn)ofdangerinthestreetatnight,shehadtogohome,withafriendfollowingher.③Having_driven(drive)alltheway,wefeltrathertiredanddecidedtofindahoteltohavearest.④Having_been_told(tell)manytimes,hestilldidn’tknowhowtodoit.⑤Realizing(realize)itwasourlasthighschoolsportsmeeting,wedecidedtomakeitanunforgettableexperienceforallofus.1－2.句型轉(zhuǎn)換⑥Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,thelittleboybegantoplayInternetgames.→Havingfinishedhishomework,_thelittleboybegantoplayInternetgames.⑦Whenhewaswalkingalongthestreet,hemethisoldfriend.→Walkingalongthestreet,hemethisoldfriend.⑧Becausehehadlivedinthecityforyears,hestartedgettingtoknowit.→Havinglivedinthecityforyears,hestartedgettingtoknowit.⑨Becausehehadn’tfinishedthetask,hehastostaythereforanotherweek.→Nothavingfinishedthetask,hehastostaythereforanotherweek.語法點(diǎn)二動詞-ing形式與不定式作賓語1．可用動名詞作賓語的動詞(短語)(1)常見的能用動名詞作賓語的動詞有：advise,admit,allow,avoid,consider,miss,keep,practice,finish,enjoy,appreciate,forbid,imagine,risk,suggest,mind,permit等。Icouldn’triskmissingthattrain.我可不敢冒誤了那趟火車的險。Shesuggestedsellingyourhousetopaythedebt.她建議賣掉你的房子來抵債。(2)常見的能用動名詞作賓語的動詞短語有：lookforwardto,leadto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can’tstand,feellike,insiston,apologizefor,bebusyin,havedifficulty(in),spendtime(in)等。Heinsistsonseeingyoualone.他堅持要單獨(dú)見你。(3)advise,allow,forbid,permit等動詞后可干脆跟動名詞作賓語，也可跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)。Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.我們不允許在此吸煙。Wedon’tallowstudentstosmokehere.我們不允許學(xué)生在此吸煙。2．可用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞(短語)(1)能接不定式作賓語的常見動詞有：agree,choose,decide,determine,learn,want,expect,hope,refuse,manage,wish,pretend,offer,promise,plan等。Aftermuchdiscussiontheydecidedtoacceptouroffer.經(jīng)過反復(fù)探討，他們確定接受我們開的價。Ionlyjustmanagedtofinishontime.我剛好設(shè)法按時完成。(2)能接“疑問詞＋不定式”作賓語的動詞(短語)有：show,understand,tell,explain,teach,learn,know,ask,decide,wonder,findout,dealwith等。Hedidn’tknowhowtodealwiththeaccident.他不知道怎么處理這起事故。[名師點(diǎn)津]此用法中的不定式的邏輯主語須要與句子的主語或賓語一樣，否則得用賓語從句。3．可用動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語的動詞(短語)(1)下列動詞(短語)后可跟不定式或動名詞，但在意義上卻有著明顯的差別。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.記得去做某事,rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.遺忘要去做某事此事未做,forgetdoingsth.遺忘做過某事此事已做過,或已發(fā)生))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth.做完一件事接著去做,另一件事,goondoingsth.中間停頓后接著做,同一件事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(stoptodosth.停下來去做某事,stopdoingsth.停下正在做的事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth.愧疚、缺憾地做某事,regretdoingsth.懊悔做了某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.意欲、準(zhǔn)備做某事,meandoingsth.意味著做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.設(shè)法、企圖、盡量做某事,trydoingsth.嘗試做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事,can'thelptodosth.不能幫助做某事))Remembertoposttheletterforme.記住替我寄這封信。Irememberpostingtheletteronmywayhome.我記得在回家的路上把信寄出了。(2)有些動詞(like,love,hate,begin,start,continue,intend等)既可跟不定式又可跟動名詞，不定式表示特定的將來事務(wù)，動名詞表示抽象的概念，但在很多狀況下可以互換。Iintendstudying/tostudyabroad.我準(zhǔn)備出國留學(xué)。(3)動詞want,need,require作“須要”解，而且當(dāng)物作主語時，常跟動名詞作賓語，用主動形式表示被動意義，假如跟不定式要用被動式。Hispronunciationneedsimproving/tobeimproved.他的發(fā)音須要改進(jìn)。集中演練22－1.單句語法填空①Iremember_seeing(see)themansomewherebefore,buthisnameescapesmeatthismoment.②Nomatterwhoisfrequentlypraised,youshouldalwaysremember_to_improve(improve)yourself.③Ifyoumeanto_catch(catch)thefirsttrain,thatmeansgetting(get)upat6：00am.④Theboypretendedto_be_reading(read)whenhismothercamein.⑤You’regoingtoEnglandnextyear.Youshouldnowpractice_speaking(speak)Englishasmuchaspossible.⑥Assheislookingforwardtohearing(hear)fromme,pleaseremember_to_post(post)thisletteronyourwaytoschool.⑦—Wouldyouliketo_go(go)forawalk?—Sorry,Ifeellikewatching(watch)TVathome.⑧Lyingonthegrass,sheimaginedwalking(walk)onthebeach.2－2.完成句子⑨今日早上我很早就起床了，以避開錯過航班。Igotupveryearlythismorningtoavoid_missingtheflight.⑩他們到現(xiàn)在還沒有確定什么時候走。Theyhaven’tdecidedwhen_to_leavesofar.?這種植物一星期要澆兩次水。Thisplantneeds_watering/to_be_wateredtwiceaweek.?我懊悔在奶奶去世之前沒能多花點(diǎn)時間陪陪她。Iregret_not_spendingmoretimewithmygrandmabeforeshepassedaway.[鏈接高考]單句語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ語法填空)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantsto_prove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析：考查非謂語動詞。wanttodosth.意為“想要做某事”，為固定搭配，故填toprove。2.(2024·江蘇高考)ManyChinesebrands,having_developed(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.解析：考查非謂語動詞。本句的主語ManyChinesebrands與develop之間為主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，又依據(jù)句中的時間狀語overcenturies可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時。3．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)Myambassadorialdutieswillincludeintroducing_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.解析：考查非謂語動詞。動詞include后需跟動詞-ing形式作賓語，故填introducing。4．(2015·陜西高考)AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwentonto_thank(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎后，AnneBenedict接著感謝在事業(yè)上幫過她的全部人。goondoingsth.“接著做同一件事”，goontodosth.“接著做另一件事”。依據(jù)題干可知，AnneBenedict先是獲得了獎項，然后又表達(dá)的感謝，故不是同一件事。5.(2014·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefusedto_stop(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.解析：考查非謂語動詞。refuse后接動詞作賓語時，要用其不定式形式，故填tostop。6.(2014·江西高考)Having_spent(spend)nearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordtostayatahotel.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們幾乎已經(jīng)花完了全部的錢，沒錢住旅館了。we與spend之間為主動關(guān)系，spend這一動作發(fā)生在afford之前，故應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。[針對演練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Willyoupleasestopmaking(make)somuchnoise?Nobodycouldhearwhatthelecturerisspeaking.2．Having_lived(live)inNewYorkfornearlytenyears,MrWangdecidedtoreturntohishometownatlast.3．First,thePrimeMinisteraskedsomethingaboutthepresenteconomyandhewentonto_talk(talk)abouttheforeignpolicy.4．Having_worked(work)inthecompanyforthreeyears,Tonygotrichexperienceandsetuphisownfirm.5．Doyourememberbeing_taken(take)toBeijingwhenyouwereonlyfiveyearsold?6．Wehavebeendrivingforthreehours,somymothersuggestedstoppingto_have(have)arestinafastrestaurant.7．Having_reached(reach)anagreementabouttheplan,webegantosolveanotherproblem.8．Asaresultofmylaziness,Ifailedto_finish(finish)myworkintime.9．Rememberthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanaccepting(accept)theactionofthepersonwhoupsetyou.10．Iaskedhimtohelpmecarrythebox,butherefusedto_do(do)that.Ⅱ.完成句子1．由于沒有盡最大的努力，他這次考試沒及格。Not_having_triedhisbest,hefailedintheexam.2．穿好衣服后，我就去了辦公室。Having_dressedmyself,Iwenttotheoffice.3．他不應(yīng)當(dāng)允許在晚上游