閱讀理解D-高一英語下學(xué)期復(fù)習(xí)匯編（版解析版）

專題04閱讀理解D

[Passage1?廣東省東莞市2020-2021學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末英語試題】

Someoftheoldestartinhumanhistoryisbeingdamaged,scientistssay.Andclimatechangemaybespeeding

upitsloss.NewresearchreportsthatancientrockartinIndonesiancavesisdegradingovertime,asbitsofrock

slowlybreakofffromthewalls.It'sahugelossforhumanhistory.

Saltcrystals（結(jié)晶）buildinguponthewallsareakeypartoftheproblem,thestudysuggests.Thesesalt

crystalsgointothecavewalls,changingsizesastemperaturesriseandfall.Thisprocesscausestherocktoslowly

breakdown.

Saltcrystalsmaybecomelargerwhenexposedtorepeatedchangesbetweenwetconditionsandperiodsof

drought.Thesekindsofchangesareexpectedtobecomemoreobviousastheclimatecontinuestowarm.

Inparticular,theresearcherssay,climatechangemaycausemoreintenseElNino（厄爾尼諾）eventsinthe

future.TheseeventscanstrengthenthekindsofconditionsthathelpsaltcrystalsformScientistsarestilldebating

theexactinfluenceofclimatechangeonElNino,anaturalclimatecyclethatdriveschangingpatternsofwarming

andcoolinginthePacificOcean.

Thenewstudy,ledbyJillianHuntley,examined11ancientcaveartsitesinSouthSulawesi,Indonesia.The

researchersfoundevidenceofsaltformationatall11sites.It'smerelyasmallpartTherearemorethan300known

eaveartsitesaroundtheregion.Theresearchersnotethatsaltcrystalsmayindeedbepartoftheproblem,adding

thatclimatechangeisagrowingthreat,onethatdeservesmoreattention.

12.Whatisthemaincauseoftherocksbreakingofffromthewall?

A.Weatherpatterns.B.Saltcrystals.

C.Wetconditions.D.DroughtPeriods.

13.Whichofthefollowingmayresearchersagreewith?

A.ElNinoeventspreventsaltcrystalsforming.

B.ClimatechangemakeslittledifferencetoElNino.

C.Saltcrystalsmaybecomemuchlargerinwetconditions.

D.Constantwarmweathermaycausesaltcrystalstochangesize.

14.WhichwordbestdescribesHuntley*sattitudetoclimatechange?

A.Worried.B.Curious.C.Doubtful.D.Positive.

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theformationandpatternsofsaltcrystals.

B.Theimpactofclimatechangeonancientrockarts,

C.Thehistoricalvalueofancientrockartincavesites.

D.Thethreatsofhumanactivitiestoancienteaveartsites.

【答案】12.B

13.D

14.A

15.B

【解析】

【分析】

本文是說明文。文章講述新的研究報(bào)告稱，隨著時(shí)間的推移，印尼洞穴中的古代巖石藝術(shù)正在退化，一些

巖石從墻壁上逐漸脫落。研究人員分析了原因，認(rèn)為氣候變化需要進(jìn)一步關(guān)注。

12.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thesesaltcrystalsgointothecavewalls,changingsizesastemperaturesriseandfall.

Thisprocesscausestherocktoslowlybreakdown.（這些鹽晶體進(jìn)入洞穴壁，隨著溫度的升高而改變大小。這

個(gè)過程會(huì)導(dǎo)致巖石慢慢地分解。）可知，鹽晶體是巖石從墻上脫落的主要原因。故選B項(xiàng)。

13.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Saltcrystalsmaybecomelargerwhenexposedtorepeatedchangesbetweenwet

conditionsandperiodsofdrought.Thesekindsofchangesareexpectedtobecomemoreobviousastheclimate

continuestowarm.（當(dāng)鹽晶體暴露在潮濕條件和干旱之間不斷變化中時(shí)，鹽晶體可能會(huì)變得更大，隨著氣候

繼續(xù)變暖，這些變化預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)變得更加明顯）”可知，研究人員同意，持續(xù)溫暖的天氣可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致鹽晶體的大小

發(fā)生變化。故選D項(xiàng)。

14.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Thenewstudy,ledbyJillianHuntley”可知，研究是JillianHuntley領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的，再

本艮據(jù)最后——句"Theresearchersnotethatsaltcrystalsmayindeedbepartoftheproblem,addingthatclimate

changeisagrowingthreat,onethatdeservesmoreattention.（研究人員指出，鹽晶體可能確實(shí)是問題的一部分，

并補(bǔ)充說，氣候變化是一個(gè)日益嚴(yán)重的威脅，值得進(jìn)一步關(guān)注）”可推斷，Huntley擔(dān)心氣候變化，值得進(jìn)一

步關(guān)注。故選A項(xiàng)。

15.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Thenewstudy,ledbyJillianHuntley,examined11ancientcaveartsitesinSouth

Sulawesi,Indonesia.Theresearchersfoundevidenceofsaltformationatall11sites.It'smerelyasmallpartThere

aremorethan300knowncaveartsitesaroundtheregion.（這項(xiàng)由JillianHuntley領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的新研究調(diào)查了印尼南蘇

拉威西島的11個(gè)古代洞穴藝術(shù)遺址。研究人員在所有11個(gè)地點(diǎn)都發(fā)現(xiàn)了鹽形成的證據(jù)。這只是一小部分，

該地區(qū)有300多個(gè)已知的洞穴藝術(shù)遺址）”可推斷，氣候變化影響古代巖石藝術(shù)。故選B項(xiàng)。

[Passage2?黑龍江省哈爾濱師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2020-2021學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題】

AlexZhang,a26-year-oldmaleengineeringworker,hasbeenworkingatoneofChina'sleading

telecommunicationcompaniesforyears.Hebelievesthatthecurrentsituationathiscompanyhasbecomestagnant,

despitethefactthathisco-workersarestayinglaterandlaterintheofficeandvolunteeringmorefrequentlytowork

onweekends.

“Atfirstpeoplewouldtrytoworklikeahorse,butgraduallytherisingnumberofworkinghoursdoesn'tmean

ahigherrewardanymorebutwillonlybringanxietyandstress,Zhangadded."Also,assomepeoplerealizethey

havetostayovertimeanyway,theybecomeslack（懈怠的）duringtheday.”

“Involution,“orneijuaninChinese,isarisingbuzzword（流行語）inChina,referringtothestatusofnot

makinganyprogressanddevelopment.Itwasfirstusedtodescribetheunreasonableamountofworkeverystudent

hastofacetogetcompetitivegradesinsideChineseuniversities.Laterithasspreadfastandcometorefertothe

abnormalworkcultureofbigcompanieswhere996—workingfrom9a.m.to9p.m.,6daysaweek—iscommon.

Moreandmoretiredworkershavebeguntotalkaboutsimilarlydepressingworkingconditionstheyface,fueling

heateddiscussionsonline.

Facingsuchanexhaustingandunrewardingcompetition,GenerationYandZarebeginningtochoose“l(fā)ying

flat”-anewphrasepopularizedwithinthelastfewweeks,meanttoreflecttheunresistingandunbothered

attitude.Besidesbeingusedintheworkplace,otherareasthat"lyingflat“happensincludemarriage,consumption

（消費(fèi)），andsocialactivities.Feelingmoreandmorepowerless,someyoungpeoplehavehadacompletelackof

interestingettingmarried,havingkids,andmakinglargepurchases.WhenChina's"thethree-childpolicy^^is

makingwavesontheinternet,somenetizensarerespondingwithcommentsthatpointtothedeepcauseswithin

education,housing,andtheunfairtreatmentthatfemaleemployeesface,allofwhicharereasonsbehindpeople's

“l(fā)yingdown^^attitude.

Whatisonearththerightattitudetowardslife?Amongtheheateddiscussiononline,t4Iliedown.Ybuinvolute.

Neitherofusistheother9sbusiness.^^wasoneofthemostpopularcomments.Butarethereonlytwooptions?

Insteadofthinkingabouthowtomakeadifficultchoice,whatyouneedtothinkaboutishowtoadjustyourmind

andgetridofanxiety.Liveyourownlifebasedonrealityandshouldertheresponsibility.Thafsit.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stagnant“inparagraph1mean?

A.Energetic.B.Inactive.

C.Competitive.D.Exhausted.

23.Inwhichofthefollowingcontextswastheterm“involution“firstused?

A.Workplace.B.Politics.

C.Education.D.Marriage.

24.Accordingtothetext,whyaresomeyoungpeoplebeginningtochoose“l(fā)yingflat”?

A.Theyfollowthecrowdblindly.

B.Theydevelopasenseofincapabilityintherace.

C.Theyareindifferenttoreallifebynature.

D.Theybecomelessfitforlackofregularexercises.

25.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tointroducetheoriginoftheterm"involution”.

B.TocriticizetheyoungChinesewhoare“l(fā)yingflat”.

C.Tostresstheimportanceoftheunresistingattitude.

D.Toinspireapositiveattitudeintheinvolutedpeople.

【答案】22.B

23.C

24.B

25.D

【解析】

【分析】

本文是議論文，面對當(dāng)前的“內(nèi)卷”現(xiàn)象，人們選擇躺平，本文作者希望人們調(diào)整思想，擺脫焦慮。

22.

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線部分后一句"despitethefactthathisco-workersarestayinglaterandlaterintheofficeand

volunteeringmorefrequentlytoworkonweekends.^^盡管他的同事們在辦公室待得越來越晚，自愿在周末更頻

繁地工作。后文使用盡管作為轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是和前文相反，后文說同事們更頻繁工作，前文與后文相反，應(yīng)

該表示同事們“無所事事”，B項(xiàng)符合意思，故選B項(xiàng)。

23.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Itwasfirstusedtodescribetheunreasonableamountofworkeverystudenthastoface

togetcompetitivegradesinsideChineseuniversities.^^這個(gè)詞最初是用來形容中國大學(xué)里每個(gè)學(xué)生為了獲得有

競爭力的成績而付出的不合理的努力?？芍?，“內(nèi)卷”這個(gè)詞初次被用于教育領(lǐng)域，故選C項(xiàng)。

24.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"Facingsuchanexhaustingandunrewardingcompetition,GenerationYandZare

beginningtochoose“l(fā)yingflat”-anewphrasepopularizedwithinthelastfewweeks,meanttoreflectthe

unresistingandunbotheredattitude.^^面對這樣一場令人筋疲力盡、毫無回報(bào)的競爭，Y一代和Z一代開始選

擇“躺平，，—這是最近幾周流行起來的一個(gè)新詞，旨在反映一種不抗拒、不煩惱的態(tài)度?？芍?，人們選擇躺平

的原因是因?yàn)樗麄冊诒荣愔挟a(chǎn)生了一種無能感。故選B項(xiàng)。

25.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Insteadofthinkingabouthowtomakeadifficultchoice,whatyouneedtothink

aboutishowtoadjustyourmindandgetridofanxiety.Liveyourownlifebasedonrealityandshoulderthe

responsibility.That'sit.“你需要考慮的不是如何做出艱難的選擇，而是如何調(diào)整你的思想，擺脫焦慮。以現(xiàn)

實(shí)為基礎(chǔ)，活出自己的人生，承擔(dān)責(zé)任。就是這樣?？芍酒恼碌哪康氖菫榱嗽诩姺睆?fù)雜的人群中激發(fā)

一種積極的態(tài)度。故選D項(xiàng)。

[Passage3?河北省衡水市冀州區(qū)第一中學(xué)2020-2021學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷】

COVIDherdimmunity（群體免疫）willnothappenin2021

WorldHealthOrganization（WHO）chiefscientistSoumyaSwaminathansaidMondaythatherdimmunityto

coronaviruswouldnotbeachievedin2021,despitethegrowingavailabilityofvaccines（疫苗產(chǎn)量）.

Factorsthatdelayherdimmunityincludelimitedaccesstovaccinesindevelopingcountries,skepticism。懷疑）

overvaccination,andthepotentialforvirusmutations（變異），accordingtohealthexperts.

Agrowingnumberofcountriesaroundtheworld,includingtheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,Singapore,

GermanyandotherEuropeanUnioncountries,areinthefirststagesofmass-vaccinationcampaigns.

Herdimmunityoccurswhenenoughpeopleinapopulationhaveimmunitytoaninfection（感染）sothatit

preventsthediseasefromspreading.

“Wearenotgoingtoachieveanylevelsofpopulationimmunityorherdimmunityin2021,“Swaminathansaid,

whileemphasizingthatmeasureslikephysicaldistancing,handwashingandmaskwearingcontinuetobe

necessaryincontrollingCOVID'sspreadfortherestoftheyear.

However,Swaminathanpraisedthe"incredibleprogress^^madebyvaccineresearcherstodevelopseveralsafe

andeffectivevaccinesatunprecedented（空前的）speed.Countriesarecurrentlyadministeringvaccinesdeveloped

byBioNTech-Pfizer,OxfordUniversityAstraZenecaandModerna.

“Thevaccinesaregoingtocome,^^shesaid."Theyaregoingtogotoallcountries,butmeanwhilewemustn't

forgetthattherearemeasuresthatwork/sheadded,referringtohygiene（衛(wèi)生）andsocialdistancing.

“Wewon'tgetbacktonormalquickly,9,DaleFisher,chairmanoftheWHO'sOutbreakAlertandResponse

Network,toldaconferencehostedbyReutersnewsagency.atWeknowweneedtogettoherdimmunityandwe

needthatinamajorityofcountries,butwearenotgoingtoseethatin2021,“Fishersaid."Theremightbesome

countriesthatmightachieveitbuteventhenthatwillnotcreatenormalespeciallyintermsofbordercontrols,9,he

added.

12.Whichofthefollowingarenotthefactorsthatdelayherdimmunity?

A.Peopleareskepticalaboutvaccination.

B.Accesstovaccinesindevelopingcountriesislimited.

C.Agrowingnumberofcountriesbeginmass-vaccinationcampaigns.

D.Virusmutationsarelikelytohappen.

13.Asforthefirststagesofmass-vaccinationcampaigns,whichcountryisnotmentionedinthepassage?

A.Vietnam.B.Germany.C.Singapore.D.theUnitedKingdom.

14.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatFishersaid?

A.Inmanycountriesin2021,peoplewillliveanormallifeintermsofbordercontrols.

B.Ifsomecountriesmightachieveherdimmunity,peoplewillliveattnormaF,life.

C.Intermsofgoodbordercontrols,wecanachieveherdimmunity.

D.Theremaybealongwaytogettoherdimmunityallovertheworld.

15.WhatistheattitudeofSwaminathantotheprogressofvaccinedevelopment?

A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Critical.D.neutral.

【答案】12.C

13.A

14.D

15.A

【解析】

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在新型冠狀病毒肆虐的現(xiàn)在，盡管全球多國已經(jīng)開始大規(guī)模疫苗接種，

2021年仍無法實(shí)現(xiàn)任何程度的群體免疫，并具體說明了其中的原因。

12.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Factorsthatdelayherdimmunityincludelimitedaccesstovaccinesindeveloping

countries,skepticismovervaccination,andthepotentialforvirusmutations,accordingtohealthexperts.（據(jù)衛(wèi)生

專家說，推遲群體免疫的因素包括發(fā)展中國家獲得疫苗的機(jī)會(huì)有限、對疫苗接種的懷疑以及病毒突變的可

能性）”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可推知，越來越多的國家開始大規(guī)模接種疫苗不是推遲群體免疫的因素。故選C項(xiàng)。

13.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Agrowingnumberofcountriesaroundtheworld,includingtheUnitedStates,the

UnitedKingdom,Singapore,GermanyandotherEuropeanUnioncountries,areinthefirststagesof

mass-vaccinationcampaigns.（世界上越來越多的國家，包括美國、英國、新加坡、德國和其他歐盟國家，正

處于大規(guī)模疫苗接種運(yùn)動(dòng)的第一階段）”可推知，處于大規(guī)模疫苗接種運(yùn)動(dòng)第一階段的國家中，沒有提及越南。

故選A項(xiàng)。

14.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的"Weknowweneedtogettoherdimmunityandweneedthatinamajorityof

countries,butwearenotgoingtoseethatin2021（我們知道我們需要獲得群體免疫力，我們需要在大多數(shù)國家

獲得這種免疫力，但我們不會(huì)在2021年看到這種情況）”以及“Theremightbesomecountriesthatmightachieve

itbuteventhenthatwillnotcreatenormalespeciallyintermsofbordercontrols（可能有些國家可能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目

標(biāo)，但即便如此，也不會(huì)創(chuàng)造正常的環(huán)境，特別是在邊境管制方面）”可知，F(xiàn)isher認(rèn)為有些國家可能實(shí)現(xiàn)群

體免疫這一目標(biāo)，但全世界范圍內(nèi)獲得群體免疫能力近期是看不到的，從而推知，要想在全世界范圍內(nèi)獲

得群體免疫也許還有很長的路要走。故選D項(xiàng)。

15.

推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第三段中的"However,Swaminathanpraisedthe"incredibleprogress^^madebyvaccine

researcherstodevelopseveralsafeandeffectivevaccinesatunprecedentedspeed.（然而，Swaminathan贊揚(yáng)疫苗

研究人員以前所未有的速度研制出幾種安全有效的疫苗所取得的“令人難以置信的進(jìn)展"）”可知，

Swaminathan稱贊疫苗研究人員所取得的進(jìn)展是“令人難以置信的“，從而推知，Swaminathan對疫苗研發(fā)的

進(jìn)展持積極的的態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。

【Passage4?寧夏銀川一中2020-2021學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題】

ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren'sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollege

degree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.

Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedrooms

scoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithoutbedroomTVs.

Asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundlowereducationlevelsamong

26-year-oldswhohadwatchedlotsofTVduringchildhood.Buttheresultsdon'tprovethatTVisthecauseand

don'trideoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters（年輕人）maywatchlotsofTV

TheirstudymeasuredtheTVhabitsof26-year-oldsbetweenages5and15.Thesewithcollegedegreeshad

watchanaverageoflessthantwohoursofTVperweeknightduringchildhood,comparedwithanaverageofmore

than2.5hoursforthosewhohadnoeducationbeyondhighschool.

IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowestwhile

thosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.

WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoincreasingfindings

thatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.

32.AccordingtotheCaliforniastudy,thelow-scoringgroupmight.

A.havehadcomputersintheirbedroomsB.notbeinterestedinmath

C.beunabletogotocollegeD.havewatchedalotofTV

33.Whatistheresearchers*understandingoftheNewZealandstudyresults?

A.Poorlymotivated26-year-oldswatchmoreTV.

B.HabitsofTVwatchingreducelearninginterest.

C.TheconnectionbetweenTVandeducationlevelsisdifficulttoexplain.

D.TVwatchingleadstolowereducationlevelsofthe15-year-olds.

34.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.TVsetsshouldn'tbeallowedinchildren'sbedrooms.

B.ChildrenshouldbeforbiddenfromwatchingTV.

C.Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers.

D.Furtherstudiesonhigh-achievingstudentsshouldbedone

35.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?

A.ComputersorTelevisionB.EffectsofTelevisiononChildren

C.StudiesonTVandCollegeEducationD.TelevisionandChildren'sLearningHabits

【答案】32.D

33.C

34.A

35.B

【解析】

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。最新調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，看太多電視會(huì)損害孩子的學(xué)習(xí)能力，造成他們分?jǐn)?shù)低。越來越多的研究

結(jié)果表明，孩子們的臥室里不應(yīng)該有電視。

32.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.Thosewith

TVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithout

bedroomTVs.（其中一項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了近400名北加利福尼亞三年級(jí)學(xué)生。在數(shù)學(xué)和語言藝術(shù)測試中，臥室里

有電視的孩子比臥室里沒有電視的孩子要低8分左右。）”可知，根據(jù)加州的研究，臥室里有電視的那一組得

分低，他們可能看了很多電視，故選D。

33.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundlower

educationlevelsamong26-year-oldswhohadwatchedlotsofTVduringchildhood.Buttheresultsdon'tprovethat

TVisthecauseanddon'trideoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters（年輕人）maywatchlotsofTV.（另一

項(xiàng)研究對新西蘭近1000名成年人進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)童年時(shí)看過很多電視的26歲成年人的教育水平較低。

但研究結(jié)果并不能證明電視是原因，也不能排除已經(jīng)缺乏動(dòng)力的年輕人可能會(huì)看很多電視的情況可推斷，

通過新西蘭調(diào)查研究結(jié)果，研究人員認(rèn)為：電視和教育水平之間的因果關(guān)系很難解釋，故選C。

34.

推理判斷題。倒數(shù)第二段介紹了加州的研究，最后一段得出結(jié)論：“Whilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroom

TVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoincreasingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVsintheir

bedrooms（雖然這項(xiàng)研究沒有證明臥室里的電視機(jī)導(dǎo)致了較低的分?jǐn)?shù)，但它進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了越來越多的研究結(jié)

果:孩子們的臥室里不應(yīng)該有電視”’可知，通過最后兩段我們可以得知，孩子們的臥室里不應(yīng)該有電視。故

選Ao

35.

主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段"ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren'sabilitytolearnandevenreduce

theirchancesofgettingacollegedegree（看太多電視會(huì)損害孩子的學(xué)習(xí)能力，甚至?xí)p少他們獲得大學(xué)學(xué)位的

機(jī)會(huì)）…”和最后一段"itaddstoincreasingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.（越來越多

的研究結(jié)果表明，孩子們不應(yīng)該在臥室里放電視。）”可知，本文主要介紹電視對孩子的影響和危害，選項(xiàng)

B.EffectsofTelevisiononChildren符合題意，故選Bo

[Passage5?陜西省咸陽市2020-2021學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題】

AviLoeb,ascientist,believesthatwearenotaloneintheuniverse.ThebelieffitswithLoeb'salienspaceship

theorythatatleastonealienspaceshipmightbeflyingovertheorbitofJupiter,whichwontheinternational

attentionlastyear.

AstronomersinHawaiifoundthefirstknowninterstellarobjectinlate2017.Itwasabitoflightmovingso

fastpastthesunthatitcouldonlyhavecomefromanotherstar.Almosteveryastronomerontheplanetwastrying

tofigureouthowtheobject,called“Oumuamua“gottoourfar-awaypartoftheMilkywaygalaxy."One

possibilityisthat'Oumuamua5isdebrisfromanadvancedtechnologicalequipment,9,Loebsaid."Technology

comesfromanothersolarsystemjustshowedupatourdoor.”

6taOumuamua,isnotanalienspaceship,PaulSutter,anotherscientistwrote.HesuggestedLoebwasseeking

publicity.Mostscientiststhink“Oumuamua“issomesortofrock.Theythinkitcouldbeanicywanderingcomet.

Loebsaysthat“Oumuamua's"behaviormeansitcan*tbeablockofrockshapedlikealongphoto.Hethinks

it'smorelikelyanobjectthat*sverylongandthin,perhapslikealongpancakeoraship*ssail.Loebsaysthatif

someoneshowshimevidencethatcontradictshisbeliefs,hewillimmediatelygivein.

Loebbelieveshimselfatruth-tellerandrisk-takerinanageofverysafe,too-quietscientists.t6Theworstthing

thatcanhappentomeisthatIwouldberelievedofmymanagementduties,andthatwouldgivemeevenmoretime

tofocusonscience,9,Loebsays.Hesaidhewouldn'tmindgivingupallthetitleshehadandreturningtotheIsraeli

farmingvillagewherehegrewup.

12.WhatdoesLoebsayabout"Oumuamua”?

A.Itisanicycomet.B.Itlookslikealongphoto.

C.Itisactuallysomesortofrock.D.Itmaycomefromanotheraliencivilization.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contradicts“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Goesagainst.B.Relieson.C.Turnsto.D.Searchesfor.

14.WhatdoyouthinkofLoeb?

A.Heisfoolish.B.Heisunsatisfiedwithhistitles.

C.Heisafirmbelieverinscientifictruth.D.Heisuncertainabouthiscareerfuture.

15.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HaveAliensPaidaVisitinSpaceships?B.DoWeReallyKnowaboutSpaceTheory?

C.ScientistsAreWorkingonHighTechnologyD.AstronomersAreEncouragingSpaceTravel

【答案】12.D

13.A

14.C

15.A

【解析】

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家AviLoeb和其他科學(xué)家對“Oumuamua”的不同理解，討論它是否是外星

飛船臨近地球。

12.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Loeb所說“OnepossibilityisthataOumuamua,isdebris（碎片）fromanadvanced

technologicalequipment（一種可能是，Oumuamua，是來自先進(jìn)技術(shù)設(shè)備的碎片）“以及"Technologycomesfrom

anothersolarsystemjustshowedupatourdoor.（來自另一個(gè)太陽系的技術(shù)剛剛出現(xiàn)在我們的門口）“可知，Loeb

認(rèn)為“Oumuamua”可能來自另一個(gè)外星文明。故選D。

13.

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上一段中PaulSutter所說“'Oumuamua，isnotanalienspaceshipCOumuamua，不是外星飛船）”

可知，有科學(xué)家不同意Loeb的觀點(diǎn)；根據(jù)劃線詞句后半句"hewillimmediatelygivein（他會(huì)立即讓步）”可知，

Loeb并不是絕對要堅(jiān)持自己的觀點(diǎn)，在某種條件下,他會(huì)讓步的;而劃線部分“Loebsaysthatifsomeoneshows

himevidencethatcontradictshisbeliefs...（Loeb說，如果有人向他出示證據(jù)contradicts他的信念...）“說明如

果其他科學(xué)家提供的證據(jù)和他的信念不一致，他會(huì)讓步的，從而推斷出劃線單詞contradicts為“不一致:相

違背”的意思。A.Goesagainst.違背；B.Relieson.依靠；C.Turnsto.求助于；D.Searchesfor.尋找。故選A。

14.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中"Loebbelieveshimselfatruth-tellerandrisk-takerinanageofverysafe,too-quiet

scientists.（Loeb認(rèn)為，在一個(gè)科學(xué)家非常安全、過于安靜的時(shí)代，他是一個(gè)講真話的人，也是一個(gè)敢于冒險(xiǎn)

的人）”可知，Loeb是科學(xué)真理的堅(jiān)定信徒。故選C。

15.

主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“ThebelieffitswithLoeb'salienspaceshiptheorythatatleastonealien

spaceshipmightbeflyingovertheorbitofJupiter,whichwontheinternationalattentionlastyear.（這一觀點(diǎn)與

Loeb的外星飛船理論相吻合，該理論認(rèn)為至少有一艘外星飛船可能正在飛越木星的軌道，該理論去年引起

了國際關(guān)注）”等內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述科學(xué)家AviLoeb和其他科學(xué)家對“Oumuamua”的不同理解，辯論是

否是外星飛船臨近地球。選項(xiàng)A“外星人乘坐宇宙飛船來過嗎？”突出科學(xué)家們的辯論主題，引人注意，適合

做標(biāo)題。故選A。

窗優(yōu)選提升題，

[Passage6?湖北省華中師范大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)2020-2021學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末檢測英語試題】

Whilespacetravelstillgetslotofattention,notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtotheexplorationofoceans,

aboutwhichweknowmuchlessthanthedarksideofthemoon.

Ninetypercentoftheoceanfloorhasnotevenbeenrecordedandwhilewehavebeentothemoon,the

technologytoexploretheocean'sfloorsisstillbeingdeveloped.Forexample,apermanentpartially-underwatersea

explorationstation,calledtheSeaOrbiter,iscurrentlyindevelopment.

Theoceansplayamajorroleincontrollingourclimate.Butwehavenotlearnedyethowtousethemtocool

usoffratherthancontributetoouroverheating.Oceanorganismsaresaidtoholdthepromiseofcuresforawideof

theuniqueeyesofskate（rayfish）ledtoadvancesinconqueringblindness,thehorseshoecrabwasimportantin

developingatestforbacterialpollution,andseaurchinshelpedinthedevelopmentoftest-tubefertilization（人工授

精）.Thetoadfish's'abilitytoregenerateitscentralnervoussystemisofmuchinteresttoneuroscientists.Arecent

JapanesestudyconcludedthatthedrugEribulin,whichwastakenfromseasponges,iseffectiveinfightingwith

breast,colon,andUrinarycancer.

Giventheapproachingcrisisofwaterinsufficiency,webadlyneedtoimprovecurrentmethods,of

desalinating（淡化）oceanwaterandmakethemmoreefficientandlesscostly.By2025,1.8billionpeopleare

expectedtosufferfromseverewatershortage,withthatnumberjumpingto3.9billionby2050-welloverathirdof

theentireglobalpopulation.

Iftheoceansdonotmakeyourheartgobeatingfaster,howaboutengineeringabacteriumthateatscarbon

dioxide-andthushelpsprotecttheworldfromoverheating-andproducesfuelwhichwillallowustodriveour

carsandmachines,withoutoil?Icannotfindanyevidencethatpeopleyoungorold,Americansorcitizensofother

nationswouldbelessimpressedorlessinspiredwithsuchabreakthroughthanwithonemoresetofphotosofa

farawaygalaxyorawholeMilkyWayfullofstars.

12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttheoceanexploration?

A.Itisequaltothespaceexploration.B.Itiswelldeveloped.

C.Itdeservesmoreattentionanddevotion.D.Itisbeyondourknowledge.

13.Whattechnologyhasbeendevelopedtomakeuseoftheoceans?

A.Curinghumandiseaseswithoceanorganisms.B.Preventingtheworldgettingwarmer.

C.Mappingtheglobaloceanfloor.D.Removingsaltfromseawater.

14.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?

A.Thetemperaturerisewillbeovercomebyabacterium.B.Solvingtheexistingproblemsismoresignificant.

C.Thespaceexplorationisworththeefforts.D.Theoceanexplorationisnotinspiring.

15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Oceans,theLastHope.B.Oceans,theHiddenTreasure.

C.Space,theFinalFrontier.D.Space,theFarawayDream.

【答案】12.C

13.D

14.B

15.B

【解析】

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。雖然太空旅行仍然得到了很多關(guān)注，但對海洋的探索卻沒有得到足夠的關(guān)注。文章介紹

了海洋世界研究的進(jìn)展，就像一座寶藏，呼吁人們關(guān)注海洋。

12.

細(xì)節(jié)理角軍題。根據(jù)第二段"Ninetypercentoftheoceanfloorhasnotevenbeenrecordedandwhilewehavebeento

themoon,thetechnologytoexploretheocean'sfloorsisstillbeingdeveloped.（90%的海底甚至沒有被i己錄下來，

雖然我們?nèi)ミ^月球，但探索海底的技術(shù)仍在開發(fā)中）”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們對海洋的探索認(rèn)知不夠，認(rèn)為我們

應(yīng)該更多的去關(guān)注海洋探索。故選C項(xiàng)。

13.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Giventheapproachingcrisisofwaterinsufficiency,webadlyneedtoimprove

currentmethods,ofdesalinating（淡化）oceanwaterandmakethemmoreefficientandlesscostly.（鑒于水資源短

缺危機(jī)的迫近，我們迫切需要改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有的海水淡化方法，使其更有效、成本更低）”其中表示我們迫切需要改

進(jìn)現(xiàn)有的海水淡化方法，由此可推斷，已經(jīng)研發(fā)了海水去除鹽的技術(shù)。故選D項(xiàng)。

14.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后——段“Iftheoceansdonotmakeyourheartgobeatingfaster,howaboutengineeringa

bacteriumthateatscarbondioxide-andthushelpsprotecttheworldfromoverheating-andproducesfuel

whichwillallowustodriveourcarsandmachines,withoutoil?（如果海洋不能讓你心跳加快，那么如何制造一

種細(xì)菌來吞噬二氧化碳——從而幫助保護(hù)世界免于過熱——并生產(chǎn)出能讓我們不用石油就能駕駛汽車和機(jī)

器的燃料呢?）"可知，海洋問題，全球變暖問題，燃油二氧化碳排放問題是目前已客觀存在的問題，迫在眉

睫o及"Icannotfindanyevidencethatpeopleyoungorold,Americansorcitizensofothernationswouldbeless

impressedorlessinspiredwithsuchabreakthroughthanwithonemoresetofphotosofafarawaygalaxyora

wholeMilkyWayfullofstars.（我找不到任何證據(jù)表明，與多一組遙遠(yuǎn)星系或充滿恒星的整個(gè)銀河系的照片相

比，年輕人或老年人、美國人或其他國家的公民對這一突破的印象更深刻或更不受鼓舞）”可以看出作者暗示，

人們也會(huì)對這些現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的重大突破會(huì)更關(guān)心的，比那些遙遠(yuǎn)的星系的圖片更歡欣鼓舞，即解決