Unit 3 單元測試（解析版）

Unit3EnvironmentalProtection單元綜合檢測（考試時間：100分鐘試卷滿分：120分）注意事項：1．本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。寫在本試卷上無效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。4．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共30分，略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATeenEco-ArtExhibitionYoungartistsshareyourartworkandviewpointsonourenvironmentintheTeenEco-ArtExhibitionthisSpring!SubmissionisopentoartistefromGrades11-12whoresideinWestVancouverorattendaWestVancouversecondaryschool.SubmissionswillbereviewedbyaSelectionCommittee.Artworkwillbeassessedoncreativeuseofmaterialsandexpressionofthetheme.Submissioncriteria(標準)?Artworkaddressingenvironmentalthemessuchascleanwater,climatechange,sustainability,conservation,pollution,etc.?Artworkcreatedprimarilyfromsustainable,repurposed,recycledmaterials.Othermediasuchaspaint,photography,paper,etc.canbeusedincombinationwithrepurposedmaterials.?Size.Wall-mounled(固定在墻上的)artwork:nolargerthan36''×36''.Sculpture:nolargerthanl'5''×1'5''×1'5''.?Artworkshouldbeexhibitionready.Wall-mountedartworkshouldhavehangingwire,D-ringsorhangers.Sculpturesshouldbeabletostandontheirown.Artiststatement:clearandbrief,100-200wordstatementregardingyourartpracticeandtheconcept/themeoftheworkbeingconsidered.HowtosubmitCompletethesubmissionform&uploadtherequiredmaterials.SubmissioncloseMarch25,6pm.ResultsArtistswillbenotifiedbyApril6.ExhibitionlocationWestVancouverMemorialLibrary,1950MarineDr.ExhibitionDatesApril15-May29.IfyouhaveanyquestionspleasecontactGalleryCoordinatorStevenSnideratsteven.wvcac@shaw.ca.Welookforwardtoseeingyourartwork!1．Whatdoweknowabouttheevent?A．Itisopentoartistsofallages.B．Itwelcomeshalf-finishedartpieces.C．Itislookingforcreativeworksfromstudents.D．Itdisapprovesofworkswithartists’statements.2．Whatstandardshouldthesubmissionmeet?A．Itshouldbelargerthan36''×36''.B．Itshouldbeabletostandonitsown.C．Itshouldavoidrepurposedmaterials.D．Itshouldhighlightenvironmentalproblems.3．Whenwilltheselectedworksbeannounced?A．March25. B．April6. C．April15. D．May29.【答案】1．C2．D3．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則通知——高中11-12年級生或者WestVancouver中學(xué)的學(xué)生可以參加TeenEco-ArtExhibition藝術(shù)展覽。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中1、2、3段內(nèi)容“YoungartistsshareyourartworkandviewpointsonourenvironmentintheTeenEco-ArtExhibitionthisSpring!SubmissionisopentoartistefromGrades11-12whoresideinWestVancouverorattendaWestVancouversecondaryschool.SubmissionswillbereviewedbyaSelectionCommittee.Artworkwillbeassessedoncreativeuseofmaterialsandexpressionofthetheme.(年輕藝術(shù)家在今年春天的青少年生態(tài)藝術(shù)展上分享你的藝術(shù)作品和對我們環(huán)境的看法！居住在西溫哥華或就讀西溫哥華中學(xué)的11-12年級藝術(shù)家均可提交。提交的內(nèi)容將由遴選委員會審查。藝術(shù)品將評估材料的創(chuàng)造性使用和主題的表達)”可知本，次活動是要求高中11-12年級的學(xué)生提交環(huán)境主題相關(guān)的創(chuàng)意作品。故選C項。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Submissioncriteria(標準)部分中“?Artworkaddressingenvironmentalthemessuchascleanwater,climatechange,sustainability,conservation,pollution,etc.?Artworkcreatedprimarilyfromsustainable,repurposed,recycledmaterials.Othermediasuchaspaint,photography,paper,etc.canbeusedincombinationwithrepurposedmaterials.(?涉及環(huán)境主題的藝術(shù)品，如清潔水、氣候變化、可持續(xù)性、保護、污染等。?藝術(shù)品主要由可持續(xù)、再利用、回收的材料制成。其他媒體，如油漆、攝影、紙張等?？膳c再利用的材料結(jié)合使用)”可知，作品必須關(guān)注與環(huán)境相關(guān)的主題，需要使用可持續(xù)利用、在利用的材料，作品需要滿足關(guān)于環(huán)境問題的要求。故選D項。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Results部分“ArtistswillbenotifiedbyApril6.(藝術(shù)家將在4月6日之前收到通知)”可知，入選作品將于4月6日公布。故選B項。BGlobalwarminghasbeenapublicconcernforalongtime.TheArcticiswarmingtwiceasfastastherestoftheplanet,meaningmoreandmoreiceismelting(融化)everyyear.“It’sreallyworrying—therapidlossofseaiceupthere—foralotofreasons.”TraceyGoldstein,aresearcherandenvironmentalistatU.C．Davis,says,“Oneofthosereasonsisseaanimalslikeiceseals(海豹)needtheicetoliveandgivebirth.Besides,astheArcticwarms,thefishthesealscatmaybemovingtodeeperandcolderwaters.Sothesealshavetotravelfarthertohuntthem.Sothecombinationofallofthatisprobablygoingtoaffecttheirhealthandtheirbodycondition.Andthatwillmakethemnotjustunderweightbutalsoeasiertocatchotherdiseases.”AndthosediseasesmayalsobekillingArcticseamammals(哺乳動物)becauseArcticseaiceismelting.Whenthereusedtobeanicebridge,certainpopulationswouldremainseparatefromeachother,sotheycouldn’tcomeincontactandgiveeachothertheirbacteria,theirviruses,etc.Butoncethosechannelsstartedtoopen,animalswereabletomovefurtherandcameintocontactwithnewspeciesthattheyhadn’tcomeintocontactwithinthepast.Goldsteinandhercoworkersrecordedthespreadofadiseasefrom2001through2016,whichprovedtoberelatedtothedeathinseamammals.Mammalsthatdependonicetosurvivemayalreadybeontheedgeofextinction.Andmorefrequentoutbreakofdiseasescouldspeeduptheprocess.Meanwhile,humansmaybeaffectedtoo.UpintheArctic,peoplereallyrelyontheseanimalsfortheirlivelihoodandwell-being.Andasthoseanimalsdisappear,orastheirhabitatdisappears,that’salsogoingtoheavilyinfluencehumansinthatarea.Sotheoverallhealthoftheenvironment,theanimalsandthepeopleupintheArcticovertimeisjustgoingtocontinuetodeteriorate.Unless,wehumanstakemeaningfulmeasurestoslowtheplanet’swarming.4．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tomakeacomparison. B．Tooffersomeevidence.C．Toputforwardanopinion. D．Topresentthephenomenon.5．Whichislesslikelytohappentoseaanimalsbecauseofthemeltingice?A．Theywillstayinshapeandkeephealthy. B．Theywillcomeincontactwithnewspecies.C．Theywillhavetogofarthertohuntforfoo D．Theywillhavenoplacetogivebirthtobabies6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deteriorate”mean?A．Develop. B．Vary. C．Impact. D．Worsen.7．WhatisNOTthefactaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Mammalsthatdependonicetolivearedyingout.B．Diseasesthatbreakoutfrequentlymakethingsworse.C．Humanslivinginthatareahaveadaptedtothechange.D．Researchersfoundthediseaserelatedtomammals’death.【答案】4．D5．A6．D7．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了北極冰層的融化對海洋動物帶來的種種負面影響，以及由此產(chǎn)生的對人類生活的影響。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Globalwarminghasbeenapublicconcernforalongtime.TheArcticiswarmingtwiceasfastastherestoftheplanet,meaningmoreandmoreiceismelting(融化)everyyear.(長期以來，全球變暖一直是公眾關(guān)注的問題。北極變暖的速度是地球其他地區(qū)的兩倍，這意味著每年越來越多的冰正在融化)”推知，第一段是為了提出北極地區(qū)冰層融化的現(xiàn)象。故選D。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Sothecombinationofallofthatisprobablygoingtoaffecttheirhealthandtheirbodycondition.Andthatwillmakethemnotjustunderweightbutalsoeasiertocatchotherdiseases.(因此，所有這些的結(jié)合可能會影響他們的健康和身體狀況。這將使他們不僅體重不足，而且更容易感染其他疾病)”可知，冰雪融化，動物最不可能發(fā)生的是依然保持健康。故選A。6．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段的“UpintheArctic,peoplereallyrelyontheseanimalsfortheirlivelihoodandwell-being.Andasthoseanimalsdisappear,orastheirhabitatdisappears,that’salsogoingtoheavilyinfluencehumansinthatarea.Sotheoverallhealthoftheenvironment,theanimalsandthepeopleupintheArcticovertimeisjustgoingtocontinuetodeteriorate.(在北極地區(qū)，人們的生計和福祉確實依賴這些動物。隨著這些動物的消失，或者它們的棲息地的消失，這也將對該地區(qū)的人類產(chǎn)生重大影響。因此，隨著時間的推移，北極地區(qū)的環(huán)境、動物和人類的整體健康狀況將繼續(xù)deteriorare)”可知，在北極地區(qū)人們的生活和福祉依賴這些動物，它們的消失對該地區(qū)的人類影響重大。隨著時間的推移，北極地區(qū)的環(huán)境、動物和人類的整體健康狀況會惡化。由此猜測劃線詞意為“惡化”，與worsen同義。故選D。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Meanwhile,humansmaybeaffectedtoo.UpintheArctic,peoplereallyrelyontheseanimalsfortheirlivelihoodandwell-being.Andasthoseanimalsdisappear,orastheirhabitatdisappears,that’salsogoingtoheavilyinfluencehumansinthatarea.(與此同時，人類也可能受到影響。在北極地區(qū)，人們的生計和福祉確實依賴這些動物。隨著這些動物的消失，或者它們的棲息地的消失，這也將對該地區(qū)的人類產(chǎn)生重大影響)”可知，冰雪融化給生活在那里的人帶來的負面影響。因此C項“生活在那個地區(qū)的人們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了這種變化”是錯誤的。故選C。CMicroplasticpollutionisincreasinggreatlyaroundtheglobe,accordingtoastudyofplasticparticles(微粒)carriedintheair.Peoplearealreadyknowntobreathe,drinkandeatmicroplastics,andresearchsuggeststhatpollutionlevelswillcontinuetoriserapidly.Theresearcherssaidthatbreathingintheseparticlescanbeharmfultolungtissueandleadtoseriousdiseases.ProfessorNatalieMahowald,atCornellUniversityintheUSandpartoftheresearchteam,said,“Butmaybewecouldsolvethisbeforeitbecomesahugeproblem,ifwemanageourplasticsbetter,beforetheyaccumulateintheenvironmentandmovearoundeverywhere.”Theresearch,publishedinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcadenryofSciences,examinedairborne(空氣傳播的)microplastics,whichhavebeenfarless,studiedthanplasticsinoceansandrivers.Theteamgatheredmorethan300samplesofairbornemicroplasticsfrom11sitesacrossthewesternUS.Thesewerethebasisforatmosphericmodelingthatestimatedthecontributionfromdifferentsources.TheyfoundthatroadswerethemainfactorinthewesternUS,linkedtoabout85%ofthemicroplasticsintheair.Thesearelikelytoincludeparticlesfromtiresandbrakepadsonvehicles,andplasticsfromlitterthathadbeenbrokendown.TheresearchersextendedtheirmodelingworktoagloballevelandthissuggestedthatwhileroadsarealsolikelytobethemajordriverofairborneplasticsinEurope,SouthAmericaandAustralia,plasticparticlesblownupfromfieldsmaybeamuchbiggerfactorinAfricaandAsia.ProfessorAndreasStohloftheUniversityofVienna’sFacultyofEarthSciencessaid,“Thestudyconfirmstheglobal-scalenatureofmicroplastictransportintheatmosphereanddoesagoodjobinhighlightinghighlyrelevantandconcerningpossibilities,butmoremeasurementdataisneededtogetabetterideaofthesources.”8．Whatcanbreathinginmicroplasticsresultin?A．Inabilitytoeatanddrink. B．Losingthesenseofhearing.C．Sufferingfromlungdiseases. D．Temporarylossofconsciousness9．HowdoestheauthororganizeParagraph4?A．Bygivingexamples. B．Bypresentingstatistics.C．Bymakingcomparisons. D．Bymakingadefinition.10．WhatmaycontributemosttothemicroplasticpollutioninIndia?A．Humanactivities. B．Particlesfromfields.C．Particlesfromtiresandlitter. D．Changesoftheenvironment.11．WhatcanwelearnfromStohl’swords?A．Thenatureofmicroplastictransportismisunderstood.B．Thepotentialdamageofmicroplasticpollutionisignored.C．Thewayofcollectingsamplesofmicroplasticsshouldbeimproved.D．Moredataneedscollectingtounderstandthesourcesofmicroplastics.【答案】8．C9．B10．B11．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家在全球所作的一項關(guān)于微塑料在空氣中污染的調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)各國空氣中的塑料微粒來源不同，但具體的來源還需要精確的測量數(shù)據(jù)。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theresearcherssaidthatbreathingintheseparticlescanbeharmfultolungtissueandleadtoseriousdiseases.”（研究人員表示，吸入這些顆粒物會對肺組織有害，并導(dǎo)致嚴重疾病。）可知，吸入微塑料會導(dǎo)致肺部疾病。故選C項。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Theteamgatheredmorethan300samplesofairbornemicroplasticsfrom11sitesacrossthewesternUS.Thesewerethebasisforatmosphericmodelingthatestimatedthecontributionfromdifferentsources.TheyfoundthatroadswerethemainfactorinthewesternUS,linkedtoabout85%ofthemicroplasticsintheair.（該團隊從美國西部的11個地點收集了300多個空氣傳播的微塑料樣本。這些是估計不同來源貢獻的大氣建模的基礎(chǔ)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，道路是美國西部的主要因素，與空氣中約85%的微塑料有關(guān)。）可知，本段列舉了多個數(shù)據(jù)，如300samples、11sites和85%ofthemicroplasticsintheair，可知作者是通過呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)來組織段落的。故選B項。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“TheresearchersextendedtheirmodelingworktoagloballevelandthissuggestedthatwhileroadsarealsolikelytobethemajordriverofairborneplasticsinEurope,SouthAmericaandAustralia,plasticparticlesblownupfromfieldsmaybeamuchbiggerfactorinAfricaandAsia.”（研究人員將他們的建模工作擴展到了全球范圍，這表明，雖然道路也可能是歐洲、南美和澳大利亞空氣中塑料的主要驅(qū)動因素，但在非洲和亞洲，從田地里吹出的塑料顆粒可能是一個更大的因素。）可知，印度屬于亞洲國家，印度微塑料污染的可能的主要原因來自田地里的塑料顆粒。故選B項。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“ProfessorAndreasStohloftheUniversityofVienna’sFacultyofEarthSciencessaid,“Thestudyconfirmstheglobal-scalenatureofmicroplastictransportintheatmosphereanddoesagoodjobinhighlightinghighlyrelevantandconcerningpossibilities,butmoremeasurementdataisneededtogetabetterideaofthesources.””（維也納大學(xué)地球科學(xué)學(xué)院的安德烈亞斯·斯托爾教授說：“這項研究證實了微塑料在大氣中傳輸?shù)娜蚍秶男再|(zhì)，并很好地突出了高度相關(guān)和令人擔(dān)憂的可能性，但還需要更多的測量數(shù)據(jù)來更好地了解來源?！保┛芍?，我們從斯托爾的話中了解到的是需要收集更多數(shù)據(jù)來了解微塑料的來源。故選D項。DWhenyouheartheword“recycling”,whatcomestoyourmind?Thecolorgreenorglobalwarming?WhatifIweretotellyouthereisadarksideofrecycling?Atypeofrecyclingthatdoesmoreharmthangood.Thedarksideofrecyclinghasnothingtodowiththeenvironmentbutratherhasalottodowiththerecyclingofideas.Environmentalunrestisn’ttheonlytroublewemustface.Ideapollutionisquicklybecomingwidespreadacrosstheonlineworld.Thinkaboutit.Whenwasthelasttimeyoureadanoriginalblogpost?I’mguessingithasbeenquiteawhile.Whydoyouthinktopbloggers(博主)oftodaywinsomuchrespect?Doyouthinktheyrecycletheirideas?Witheachrecycledidea,theonlineworldbecomesmuchmorepolluted.Usedcontentcontributestotheever-increasingmassofdigitalsmog(煙霧).Thefirststeptoreducepollutionissimple:stoprecycling.Whenyoustoprecycling,youwillthenbeforcedtotakeupthetaskofcreatingyourownideas.Whenyourecycleanexcellentidea,itsoonbecomesgood.Whenyourecycleagoodidea,itsoonbecomesjustOK.Thechaincontinuesuntilthekeypartofwhatusedtomaketheideagoodissaturated(飽和的),leavingyounothingbutapileofmess.Inordernottopollute,yourideasmustgobeyond“justrecycled”.YourideasmuststandoutfromthepollutionoftheWeb.Foryourvoiceandtalenttobeheardandseen,youmustgofarbeyondthestandardcopyofyourneighbours’ideas.Forthenextstep,makeapromisenottorecycle.Letyourideasflourishandflow.Believeinyourabilitytocreate,becausethedeathofrecyclingstartswithYOU.12．WhichisTRUEabouttopbloggersoftodayaccordingtothewriter?A．Theydon’trecycletheirideas. B．Theytendtoexpressmanyfreshideas.C．Theyarenotworthmuchrespect. D．Theymakegooduseofothers’ideas.13．The5thparagraphmainlytalksabout________.A．thebadeffectsofrecyclingideas B．thegoodeffectsofstoppingrecyclingC．howtostoprecyclingideas D．howtorecyclegoodideasonline14．Thispassageiswrittenmainlyfor________.A．topbloggers B．commonbloggers C．environmentpolluters D．Netresearchers15．Themainpurposeofthispassageis________.A．toremindpeopletopayattentiontoenvironmentalprotectionB．toprovethattheWebenvironmentisbecomingworseandworseC．towarnpeoplenottopolluteourWebenvironmentwithbadwordsD．tocallonpeopletowriteonlinemorecreativelyinsteadofrepeating【答案】12．C13．A14．B15．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要論述了回收也有不好的一面，且回收的陰暗面與環(huán)境無關(guān)，而與創(chuàng)意的回收有很大關(guān)系。想污染正在網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界迅速蔓延，說明了減少污染的步驟。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Whydoyouthinktopbloggers(博主)oftodaywinsomuchrespect?Doyouthinktheyrecycletheirideas?Witheachrecycledidea,theonlineworldbecomesmuchmorepolluted.Usedcontentcontributestotheever-increasingmassofdigitalsmog(煙霧).(為什么你認為今天的頂級博主贏得了如此多的尊重？你認為他們會重復(fù)利用自己的想法嗎？隨著每一個被回收的創(chuàng)意，網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界的污染變得更加嚴重。二手內(nèi)容助長了不斷增加的數(shù)字煙霧)”可知，根據(jù)作者的說法，關(guān)于當(dāng)今的頂級博主，C選項“他們不值得尊重”正確。故選C。13．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Thefirststeptoreducepollutionissimple:stoprecycling.Whenyoustoprecycling,youwillthenbeforcedtotakeupthetaskofcreatingyourownideas.Whenyourecycleanexcellentidea,itsoonbecomesgood.Whenyourecycleagoodidea,itsoonbecomesjustOK.Thechaincontinuesuntilthekeypartofwhatusedtomaketheideagoodissaturated(飽和的),leavingyounothingbutapileofmess.(減少污染的第一步很簡單:停止回收。當(dāng)你停止回收利用時，你將被迫承擔(dān)起創(chuàng)造自己想法的任務(wù)。當(dāng)你循環(huán)利用一個好主意時，它很快就會變得很好。當(dāng)你循環(huán)利用一個好主意時，它很快就會變得不錯。這個鏈條會一直持續(xù)下去，直到讓你的想法變得好起來的關(guān)鍵部分飽和，只剩下一堆亂七八糟的東西)”可知，第五段主要討論了回收觀念的不良影響。故選A。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inordernottopollute,yourideasmustgobeyond“justrecycled”.YourideasmuststandoutfromthepollutionoftheWeb.Foryourvoiceandtalenttobeheardandseen,youmustgofarbeyondthestandardcopyofyourneighbours’ideas.(為了不污染，你的想法必須超越“只是回收”。你的想法必須從網(wǎng)絡(luò)的污染中脫穎而出。為了讓別人聽到和看到你的聲音和才能，你必須遠遠超越對鄰居想法的標準復(fù)制)”結(jié)合第四段中作者批判了頂級博主，可推知，這篇文章主要是為普通博主寫的。故選B。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Forthenextstep,makeapromisenottorecycle.Letyourideasflourishandflow.Believeinyourabilitytocreate,becausethedeathofrecyclingstartswithYOU.(下一步，承諾不回收。讓你的想法蓬勃發(fā)展。相信你的創(chuàng)造能力，因為回收的消亡從你開始)”可推知，這篇文章的主要目的是呼吁人們更有創(chuàng)造性地在網(wǎng)上寫作，而不是重復(fù)。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Inrecentyears,cottonbagshaverisentopopularityasaneco-friendlyalternativetosingle-usebags.Manysupermarketshavemadethechange.___16___AsastudybytheMinistryofEnvironmentandFoodofDenmarkshows,acottonbagneedstobeused20,000timestooffset(抵消)itsoverallimpactofproductionontheenvironment.___17___Accordingtothismeasure,forVenetiaBerry,anartistinLondonwhofoundshehadatleast25cottonbags,shewouldhavetoliveformorethan1,000yearstooffsethercurrentbags.AccordingtotheCircularLaboratory,itrequiresbetween10,000and20,000litersofwatertoproduceonekilogramofcotton.Andonly15percentofthe30milliontonsofcottonproducedeveryyearactuallymakesitswaytotextile(紡織品)warehouses.Evenwhenacottonbagdoesmakeittoatreatmentplant,mostlogosprintedonthemarenotrecyclable.___18___.That’snottosaycottonisworsethanplastic.Theybothhavedisadvantages.___19___Andplasticbagsusefossilfuelsthatproducegreenhousegases,neverbiodegrade(生物降解)andblocktheoceans.BuffyReid,oftheBritishknitwearlabel&Daughter,stoppedproductionofhercottonbagsinApril2021.___20___Forexample,BritishdesignerAllyCapellinoreplacedcottonwithhemp(麻纖維).Infact,thesimplestsolutionmaybethemostobvious:Noteveryproductneedsabag.A．Cottonhasdriedupriversforwateruse.B．Somecompaniesareturningtoothertextilesolutions.C．They’reextremelydifficulttobreakdownchemically.D．Wearehardlyawareoftheoveruseofplasticinpackaging.E．Thatisequaltodailyusefor54yearsforjustonecottonbag.F．However,theproductionprocessrequiresusingmuchmorewater.G．Buttheincreaseintheuseofcottonbagsmayhavecreatedanewproblem.【答案】16．G17．E18．C19．A20．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。介紹了近年來，棉布于提袋越來越流行，棉布手提袋看似比塑料袋環(huán)保許多.但它真的對環(huán)境無害嗎？16．根據(jù)空格后句“AsastudybytheMinistryofEnvironmentandFoodofDenmarkshows,acottonbagneedstobeused20,000timestooffsetitsoverallimpactofproductionontheenvironment.”（丹麥環(huán)境和食品部的一項研究表明，一個棉袋需要使用20000次才能抵消其生產(chǎn)對環(huán)境的總體影響。）可知，這里是指出使用棉袋的負面影響，G選項的“Buttheincreaseintheuseofcottonbagsmayhavecreatedanewproblem.”（但是，棉袋使用量的增加可能帶來了一個新的問題），與后句語義相呼應(yīng)，且引出話題，故選G。17．根據(jù)空格前句“AsastudybytheMinistryofEnvironmentandFoodofDenmarkshows,acottonbagneedstobeused20,000timestooffsetitsoverallimpactofproductionontheenvironment.”（丹麥環(huán)境和食品部的一項研究表明，一個棉袋需要使用20000次才能抵消其生產(chǎn)對環(huán)境的總體影響。）可知，這里指的是棉袋的使用次數(shù)問題，E選項的“Thatisequaltodailyusefor54yearsforjustonecottonbag.”（這相當(dāng)于一個棉袋54年來的日常使用量），是對前句的進一步闡釋，故選E。18．根據(jù)空格前句“Evenwhenacottonbagdoesmakeittoatreatmentplant,mostlogosprintedonthemarenotrecyclable.”（即使棉袋真的被送到了處理廠，印在上面的大多數(shù)標志也是不可回收的。）可知，這里指的是棉袋的缺點以及原因，C選項的“They’reextremelydifficulttobreakdownchemically.”（它們極難被化學(xué)分解），是對前句原因的進一步解釋，故選C。19．根據(jù)空格前句“Theybothhavedisadvantages”（它們都有缺點）以及后句“Andplasticbagsusefossilfuelsthatproducegreenhousegases,neverbiodegradeandblocktheoceans”（塑料袋使用的化石燃料會產(chǎn)生溫室氣體，永遠不會生物降解并阻擋海洋）可知，這里指的是兩者的缺點并指出了塑料袋的缺點，顯然，空格處要指出棉袋的缺點，A選項的“Cottonhasdriedupriversforwateruse.”（棉花使以供用水的河流干涸。），符合前后邏輯，故選A。20．根據(jù)空格后句“Forexample,BritishdesignerAllyCapellinoreplacedcottonwithhemp”（例如，英國設(shè)計師AllyCapellino用麻纖維取代了棉花）可知，這里指的是其他替代方案，B選項的“Somecompaniesareturningtoothertextilesolutions.”（一些公司正在轉(zhuǎn)向其他紡織品解決方案），這些例子的高度概括，先總后分，故選B。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。EradajereOleitaisa26-year-oldstudentandenvironmentalist.Shehasgotsomethingaboutthe____21____totwoofhercountry’sproblems:garbageandpoverty.It’scalledtheChipBagProject.Oleitaisaskinga____22____oflocalsnacklovers:Ratherthanthrowemptychipbagsintogarbagecans,____23____themsoshecanturnthemintosleepingbagsforthe____24____.Chipeaters____25____theiremptybagsattwolocationsinDetroit:aprintshopandaclothingstore,whereOleitaandhervolunteerhelpers____26____them.Aftertheydisinfect(消毒)the____27____insoapyhotwater,theyslicethemopenandironthemtogether.Thentheyusecottonandliners(內(nèi)襯)fromoldcoatstolinetheinsides.It____28____aboutfourhourstosewasleepingbag,andeachrequiresaround150to300chipbags,____29____onwhetherthey’resingle-serveorfamily-size.Sinceitsstartin2020,theChipBagsProjecthas_____30_____110sleepingbags.Sure,itwouldbe_____31_____toraisethemoneytobuynewsleepingbags.However,that’sonlyhalfthe_____32_____forOleita.“Weaimtomakea(n)_____33_____notonlysocially,butenvironmentally,”saidOleita.“Itisworth_____34_____chipbagsandusingthemtohelpthehomeless._____35_____,theywouldlandinthegarbage.”21．A．reaction B．solution C．response D．way22．A．suggestion B．permission C．favor D．promise23．A．donate B．reserve C．sort D．change24．A．poor B．elderly C．homeless D．sick25．A．deliver B．dropoff C．handout D．reuse26．A．guard B．promote C．place D．collect27．A．garbagecans B．chipbags C．sleepingbags D．printstores28．A．takes B．consumes C．lasts D．loses29．A．concentrating B．insisting C．depending D．a(chǎn)greeing30．A．sold B．created C．decorated D．received31．A．simpler B．cooler C．clever D．formal32．A．project B．issue C．battle D．goal33．A．impression B．a(chǎn)nnouncement C．impact D．decision34．A．recycling B．maintaining C．improving D．producing35．A．However B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Otherwise【答案】21．B22．C23．A24．C25．B26．D27．B28．A29．C30．B31．A32．D33．C34．A35．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了女孩EradajereOleita通過回收薯片袋為無家可歸的人制作睡袋，解決垃圾和貧困問題的故事。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她對解決她的國家面臨的兩個問題——垃圾和貧困——做了一些事情。A.reaction反應(yīng)；B.solution解決方案；C.response回復(fù)；D.way道路。根據(jù)下文“It’scalledtheChipBagProject.”可知，Oleita開展了具體的項目，所以是對這兩個問題有了解決方案。故選B。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Oleita請求當(dāng)?shù)亓闶硱酆谜邘蛡€忙：與其把空薯片袋扔進垃圾桶，不如把它們捐給她，讓她把它們變成無家可歸者的睡袋。A.suggestion建議；B.permission許可；C.favor幫助；D.promise承諾。根據(jù)下文“Ratherthanthrowemptychipbagsintogarbagecans”可知，Oleita請他們不要扔了薯片袋，所以是請當(dāng)?shù)亓闶硱酆谜邘蛡€忙。故選C。23．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Oleita請求當(dāng)?shù)亓闶硱酆谜邘蛡€忙：與其把空薯片袋扔進垃圾桶，不如把它們捐給她，讓她把它們變成無家可歸者的睡袋。A.donate捐贈；B.reserve儲備；C.sort整理；D.change改變。根據(jù)上文“Ratherthanthrowemptychipbagsintogarbagecans”可知，Oleita請他們不要扔了薯片袋，應(yīng)該是希望把薯片袋捐給她去做睡袋。故選A。24．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Oleita請求當(dāng)?shù)亓闶硱酆谜邘蛡€忙：與其把空薯片袋扔進垃圾桶，不如把它們捐給她，讓她把它們變成無家可歸者的睡袋。A.poor貧窮的；B.elderly老年的；C.homeless無家可歸的；D.sick生病的。根據(jù)上文“poverty”和下文內(nèi)容可推知，窮困到無家可歸的人才會需要這種睡袋。故選C。25．考查動詞（短語）詞義辨析。句意：吃薯片的人把他們的空袋子放在底特律的兩個地方：一家打印店和一家服裝店，Oleita和她的志愿者在那里收集它們。A.deliver投遞；B.dropoff放下；C.handout分發(fā)；D.reuse重新使用。根據(jù)上文“Ratherthanthrowemptychipbagsintogarbagecans”可知，吃薯片的人不會直接扔掉薯片袋，應(yīng)該是放在固定的這兩個地方，留給Oleita的項目使用。故選B。26．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：吃薯片的人把他們的空袋子放在底特律的兩個地方：一家打印店和一家服裝店，Oleita和她的志愿者在那里收集它們。A.guard警衛(wèi)；B.promote促進；C.place放置；D.collect收集。根據(jù)下文“Aftertheydisinfect(消毒)the____7____insoapyhotwater,theyslicethemopenandironthemtogether.”可知，后面會對這些袋子進行處理，Oleita和志愿者應(yīng)該需要先收集起來。故選D。27．考查名詞短語詞義辨析。句意：他們在含肥皂的熱水中對薯片袋消毒后，將它們切開并熨燙在一起。A.garbagecans垃圾桶；B.chipbags薯片袋；C.sleepingbags睡袋；D.printstores打印店。根據(jù)上文“Chipeaters____5____theiremptybags”可知，Oleita和志愿者是對這些薯片袋進行消毒。故選B。28．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：縫制一個睡袋大約需要四個小時，每個睡袋大約需要150到300個薯片袋，這取決于它們是單人食用還是家庭食用。A.takes花費；B.consumes消耗；C.lasts持續(xù)；D.loses失去。根據(jù)“It____8____aboutfourhoursto”可知，此處用固定句型Ittakes/tooksometimetodosth.，意為“做……花費多少時間”，空處需用takes。故選A。29．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：縫制一個睡袋大約需要四個小時，每個睡袋大約需要150到300個薯片袋，這取決于它們是單人食用還是家庭食用。A.concentrating集中；B.insisting堅持；C.depending依靠；D.agreeing同意。根據(jù)上文“around150to300chipbags”和下文“whetherthey’resingle-serveorfamily-size”可知，每個睡袋需要的薯片袋的數(shù)量不固定，應(yīng)該是取決于薯片袋的大小，是單人食用還是家庭食用。dependon是固定短語，意為“取決于”。故選C。30．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：自2020年啟動以來，“薯片袋項目”已經(jīng)制作了110個睡袋。A.sold銷售；B.created制造；C.decorated裝飾；D.received收到。根據(jù)上文“soshecanturnthemintosleepingbags”可知，Oleita他們是制作睡袋。故選B。31．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)然，籌錢買新睡袋會更簡單。A.simpler更簡單的；B.cooler更酷的；C.clever聰明的；D.formal正式的。根據(jù)下文“toraisethemoneytobuynewsleepingbags”可知，直接籌錢買睡袋比起用薯片袋制作睡袋更簡單。故選A。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這只是Oleita目標的一半。A.project項目；B.issue問題；C.battle戰(zhàn)斗；D.goal目標。根據(jù)下文“Weaimtomakea(n)12notonlysocially,butenvironmentally”可知，獲得睡袋只是一半的目標。故選D。33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Oleita說：“我們的目標是不僅對社會產(chǎn)生影響，而且對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響。”A.impression印象；B.announcement宣布；C.impact影響；D.decision決定。根據(jù)上文“Shehasgotsomethingaboutthe____1____totwoofhercountry’sproblems:garbageandpoverty.”可知，Oleita發(fā)起這個項目的目標是解決垃圾和貧困兩個問題，不僅產(chǎn)生社會影響，而且產(chǎn)生環(huán)境影響。故選C。34．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：回收薯片袋，用它們來幫助無家可歸的人是值得的。A.recycling回收；B.maintaining維護；C.improving改善；D.producing生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)上文“soshecanturnthemintosleepingbags”以及Oleita和志愿者們用薯片袋制作睡袋的過程可知，他們回收利用薯片袋。故選A。35．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：否則，它們會落在垃圾里。A.However但是；B.Moreover此外；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否則。根據(jù)下文“theywouldlandinthegarbage”可知，薯片袋會落入垃圾里，這是不回收薯片袋去做睡袋的結(jié)果，Otherwise“否則”符合語境。故選D。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheShanxiHongjiannaoNationalNatureReserve,withtheHongjiannaoLakeatitscenter,islocatedinthenorthofShanxiProvince.Thiswetlandisoneofthemain____36____(habitat)forCentralAsiangull(鷗),amigratorybirdspecies____37____(list)ontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature’sRedListofThreatenedSpecies.TheCentralAsiangullbreeds(繁殖)inlandinplacesincludingKazakhstan,Mongoliaandthe____38____(north)partofChina,spendingtheirwintersaroundtheBohaiSea.Inspring,theyflytodesertlakesinNorthwestChina.However,theenvironmentaroundHongjiannaoLakebecameworse,____39____(make)itharderforthegullstosurvive.In2010,7,700babygullswerebredwithinayear.However,after2012thenumberofmid-lakeislands____40____thegullsmadetheirnestskeptdecreasing,leadingto____41____numberofthebabygullsdroppingto2,000.Toprotecttheenvironment,theHongjiannaoNatureReserve____42____(establish)in2014.Sofar,theHongjiannaoNationalNatureReserve____43____(take)aseriesofmeasurestorestoretheecology,likerivermanagementandwaterqualitymonitoringandcontrol.According____44____thedataobtainedfromChina’sMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment,in2017,therewereonlydozensofgullnests.Yetin2019,thenestsincreasedto800,andin2022_____45_____(far)increasedto4,700.【答案】36．habitats37．listed38．northern39．making40．where41．the42．wasestablished43．hastaken44．to45．fu