2018學(xué)年高中一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)人教話題版練習(xí)話題下的高考研究飲食與健康

話題下的高考研究Ⅰ.閱讀理解AMostfoodies(吃貨)agreethateatinghealthyfoodisimportant.Butsometimesmakinggoodfoodchoicescanbetough.Nowthereareappsthatcanhelppeoplelearnaboutthefoodtheyeattoimprovetheirdietsandtheirdiningoutexperiences.Cheese&WinePairingappWineandcheesecanbeagreatbination.Butwhichwinesgobestwithwhichcheeses?MaxMcCalman'sCheese&WinePairingcanhelp.Itprovidesinformationabouthundredsofdifferentcheesesandadviseswinestopairwitheach.MaxMcCalman'sCheese&WinePairingisfreeforiPhonesandiPads.CalorificappWhatdoes200calorieslooklike?Itcanbehardtopicture.Calorificprovidesimagesof200caloriesworthoffood.Thepicturescanhelppeopleonadietandthosewhojustwanttoeathealthierfood.TheappisfreeforiPadsandiPhones.Thereisalsoaversionthatprovidesmoreinformationforaprice.HappyCowappVegetariansdonoteatanimalmeat.Vegansdonoteatanyanimalproducts.HappyCowismadeforbothgroups.Userscansearchforvegetarian-veganrestaurantsandstoresaroundtheworld.AfreeversionofHappyCowisavailableforAndroidthathasadsandrequiresanInternetconnection.LocalEatsappRestaurantchains,likeMcDonald's,canbefoundalmostanywhereapersonmighttravel.Butsometimestravelerswanttoeatlikelocals.LocalEatsisdesignedforthat.Itlistslocallyownedrestaurantssouserscantryfoodsfromthatarea.Theappcostsaboutadollar.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要介紹了四款與飲食有關(guān)的手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序，它們可以幫助吃貨們充分了解他們的飲食，幫助他們健康節(jié)食以及提高他們?cè)谕獬燥埖馁|(zhì)量。1．Ifpeoplewanttogoonadiet,theyneed________.A．Cheese&WinePairing B．LocalEatsC．Calorific D．HappyCow解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Calorificapp部分的“...picturescanhelppeopleonadiet...”可知，Calorificapp能幫助要節(jié)食的人，diet為關(guān)鍵詞。故選C項(xiàng)。2．HowisLocalEatsdifferentfromtheotherapps?A．Itismadeforgroups.B．ItisnotfreeforiPhonesorAndroid.C．Itisdesignedfortravelers.D．Itisnotavailableforvegetarians.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Theappcostsaboutadollar.”可知，LocalEatsapp需要付費(fèi)，再根據(jù)“Cheese&WinePairingapp”部分的“Cheese&WinePairingisfreeforiPhonesandiPads”；Calorificapp部分的“TheappisfreeforiPadsandiPhones.”及HappyCowapp部分的“AfreeversionofHappyCowisavailableforAndroid”可知，其他三款應(yīng)用程序均可免費(fèi)使用。故選B項(xiàng)。3．Whatisthemainpurposeofthisarticle?A．Tohelppeoplechoosefreerestaurants.B．ToadvertisethebestappsforiPhones.C．Tointroducesomehealthyeatinghabits.D．Toinformfoodiesofsomeusefulapps.解析：選D寫作目的題。根據(jù)首段中主題句“Nowthereareappsthatcanhelppeoplelearnaboutthefoodtheyeattoimprovetheirdietsandtheirdiningoutexperiences.”以及四個(gè)小標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞app可判斷，本文的主要目的是為吃貨們提供有用的應(yīng)用程序。故選D項(xiàng)。BTakingashowerisrelaxing.Youcanhumasong,daydreamorthinkaboutnothing,leavingtherealworldbehindyou.Butdidyouknowthatshoweringcanalsobenefityourmind?AresearchbyScottBarryKaufman,apsychologistfromYaleUniversityintheU．S.interviewedover3,000peoplearoundtheworld.Itturnedoutthatnearlytwo-thirdsoftheintervieweessaidtheyhadexperiencednewideasintheshowerandweremorelikelytohavethemintheshowerthanatwork.Sowhydoesasimpleshowerhavesuchmagicpower?Sciencecanexplainit.Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine,ahormone(荷爾蒙)closelyrelatedtoourcreativity.“Peoplevaryintermsoftheirlevelofcreativityaccordingtotheactivityofdopamine，”explainedAliceFlaherty,afamousAmericanneuroscientist.“Takingawarmshowercanmakeusfeelrelaxedandthereforemakethedopaminelevelriseandbring‘Aha！’momenttous.”Besidesthechemicalchanges,showeringmaygiveyouabreakfromwhatyoufeelyouhavebeenstuckwith.Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthardalldayaboutaproblem,jumpingintotheshowercankeepyoufromtheoutsideworldsothatyoucanfocusonyourinnerfeelingsandmemories.Inthisway,accordingtoAmericanpsychologistShelleyH.Carson,authorofYourCreativeBrain,“Ashoweringhourmayturnintoan‘incubation(孵化)period’foryourideas.”paredwithsittinginfrontofaputer,takingashowerissomethingwedolessfrequentlyinourdailylife.Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperiencewiththechangeoflocation,temperatureandhumidity.“Newandunexpectedexperiencescanleadtopositivechangesinthinking，”explainedKaufman.“Gettingoffthecouchandjumpingintheshowermaycreateadistanceandforceyoutothinkfromanewpointofview.”Showeringallowsustoenjoythecreativejuicesofourminds,butitneedn'tjustbethebathroomwhereyougetyourinspiration.Forinstance,GertrudeStein,afemaleAmericanwriterandpoet,gotnewideasbydrivingaroundafarmandstoppingatdifferentcowsuntilshefoundtheonethatmostinspiredher.Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：一項(xiàng)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)淋浴對(duì)人們身心有益，尤其可以激發(fā)大腦的創(chuàng)造力。)4．Accordingtothearticle,whatchangescanshoweringcause?A．Bringingtheterriblemomenttous.B．Settingthecreativepartofthebrainfree.C．Leadingtoboredomortiredness.D．Increasingthelevelofdopamine.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine...”可知，淋浴能夠使多巴胺的數(shù)值升高。故選D項(xiàng)。5．Ifonehasfocusedonsomethingallday,showeringcanhelp________.A．turnone'sattentioninwardB．drawone'sattentiontotheoutsideworldC．makeanimportantbreakthroughD．manychemicalchangestotakeplace解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthard...yourinnerfeelingsandmemories.”可知，淋浴可以使人將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向內(nèi)心。故選A項(xiàng)。6．AccordingtoKaufman,whycantakingshowersmakeuscreative?A．Becausetakingshowershappensmoreoften.B．Becausetakingshowerscanmakeusacquireafreshexperience,inspiringus.C．Becausenothingbuttakingshowerscangetourinspiration.D．Becausetakingshowerscanhelpustrysomethingunexpected.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperience”及“l(fā)eadtopositivechangesinthinking”，再結(jié)合最后一段的描述可知，淋浴可以幫助我們獲得新的體驗(yàn)、賦予我們靈感，故選B項(xiàng)。7．TheexampleofGertrudeSteininthelastparagraphisusedto________.A．encouragereaderstofindtheirownwaysofgettinginspirationB．pointouttoreadersthatit'shardtogetinspirationC．explainhowtolinkinspirationwithreaders'dailylivesD．showthatcreativityoftenesfromstrangeplaces解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“butitneedn'tjustbethebathroomwhereyougetyourinspiration”及最后一句“Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.”可以判斷，舉該例是為了鼓勵(lì)讀者尋找適合自己的獲得靈感的方式。故選A項(xiàng)。CAreyousickofgoingtobedlateandwakinguptired?Thengrabyourhikingbootsandatent.Anewstudysuggeststhatcampinginthegreatoutdoorsforacoupleofdayscanresetyourbodyclockandhelpyougetmoresleep.Thebodyclockisaninternalsystemthattellsourbodieswhenit'stimetogotosleepandwhenit'stimetowakeup.Scientiststrackthisclockbymeasuringtheamountofmelatonin(褪黑激素)circulatinginaperson'sbloodatanygiventime.Inahealthysleeper,melatoninlevelsriseafewhoursbeforebedtime,stayhighthroughthenight,andthensettlebackdownwhenit'stimetowakeup.Inourmodernsociety,however,mostofusstayupmanyhourspastsunsetandwouldprobablysleepinmanyhoursaftersunriseifwecould.Andthetroubleisthatyourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbehighwhenyouralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning,whichleadstofatigue.Itmayalsohaveotherhealthconsequencesaswell,suchasdiabetes(糖尿病),overweightandheartdisease.ProfessorKennethP.WrightJr.oftheUniversityofColoradointheUSwantedtoseeifourbodyclockscanberesetbyashortstayinnature.Histeamrecruited(招募)fourteenphysicallyactivevolunteersintheir20sand30s.Ninewentonaweekendcampingtrip,whiletheotherfivestayedhome.Attheendoftheweekend,theresearchersreportedthatinjusttwodays,thecampers'bodyclocksshiftedsothattheirmelatoninlevelsbegantorisemorethananhourearlierthantheydidbeforetheywentonthetrip.Bycontrast,thebodyclocksofthegroupthatstayedhomeshiftedevenlateroverthecourseoftheweekend.“Thistellsuswecanresetourclocksfast，”Wrightsaid.Therefore,ifyouwanttochangeyoursleeppatternsyoucouldtrytoincreaseyourexposuretonaturallightduringthedayanddecreasetheamountofartificiallightyouseeatnight.Andifthatdoesn'twork,there'salwayscamping.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。生物鐘的作用原理與褪黑激素在人體中的水平變化相關(guān)?，F(xiàn)代社會(huì)中人們不按時(shí)作息常常導(dǎo)致褪黑激素水平在早晨時(shí)還是很高，導(dǎo)致疲勞，甚至是糖尿病、肥胖和心臟病等。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)野外宿營(yíng)可以讓作息不規(guī)律的人們的生物鐘恢復(fù)正常。8．Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Toexplainhowalackofsleepisbadforourhealth.B．Toinformusofapossiblewaytoadjustthebodyclock.C．Toanalyzehowthebodyclockinfluencesoursleepinghabits.D．Toexplorehowthebodyclockisconnectedwithmelatoninlevels.解析：選B寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，第一段第三句“Anewstudysuggeststhatcampinginthegreatoutdoorsforacoupleofdayscanresetyourbodyclockandhelpyougetmoresleep.”為文章主旨句，據(jù)此可知，本文旨在告訴人們，野外宿營(yíng)幾天可以調(diào)整人們的生物鐘，讓人們獲得更多的睡眠，故B項(xiàng)正確。9．Theunderlinedword“fatigue”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”．A．tiredness B．excitementC．refreshment D．pressure解析：選A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Areyousickofgoingtobedlateandwakinguptired？”及第四段第二句“Andthetroubleisthatyourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbehighwhenyouralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning,whichleadstofatigue.”可知，早晨當(dāng)你的鬧鐘響時(shí)，你體內(nèi)的褪黑激素水平可能還是很高，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致疲勞，故畫線詞意為“疲勞”。10．WhatdidWright'steamdiscoverfromtheirexperiment?A．Thebodyclocksofthetwogroupsdidn'tshowmuchdifference.B．Thebodyclocksofthosewhostayedathomeremainedthesame.C．Thosestayingoutdoorsresettheclockinsidetheirbodiesoverashortperiod.D．Changestothebodyclockdon'tnecessarilyaffectmelatoninlevelsinourbodies.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的“Thistellsuswecanresetourclocksfast”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，在自然環(huán)境中人體的生物鐘能快速恢復(fù)。故C項(xiàng)正確。11．Accordingtothepassage,tochangeoursleepinghabits,we'dbetter________.A．setanalarmclocktowakeusupontimeinthemorningB．trytoreducemelatoninlevelsasmuchaspossibleatnightC．spendseveralweeksstayingintheopenaireverynowandthenD．getexposedtomorenaturallightinthedaybutlessartificiallightatnight解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，如果要改變睡眠模式，可以通過(guò)白天多接觸自然光、晚上避免接觸人工光源的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，故D項(xiàng)正確。DResearcherssaycurrentexerciseguidelinesareunrealisticandarguethatdoctorsshouldsometimesadvisesmallincreasesinactivityinstead.Theywarnthe150-minuteweeklytargetisbeyondthereachofsomepeople—particularlyolderindividuals.Andtryingtoreachthesegoalscouldmeanthebenefitsoflighterexerciseareoverlooked.Butpublichealthofficialssaycurrentremendationshaveprovenbenefitsinloweringtheriskofheartdisease.Thereisincreasingevidencethatinactivityislinkedtoheartdisease,type2diabetes(糖尿病)andsometypesofcancer.UKguidelinesforadultsremendatleasttwo-and-a-halfhoursofmoderateactivityaweek,inshortperiodsof10minutesormore.ButintwoseparatearticlesinTheBMJ,expertsarguethemessageneedstochange,withgreateremphasisonmakinginactivepeoplemovemore.Prof.PhilipedeSoutoBarretoattheUniversityHospitalofToulouse,advisespeoplewhoaresedentary(久坐不動(dòng)的)tomakesmallincreasesintheiractivitylevels—ratherthanpushingtoachievecurrentgoals.Hepointstopreviousstudieswhichshowevenshortperiodsofwalkingorjust20minutesofenergeticactivityafewtimesamonthcanreducetheriskofdeath,paredtopeoplewhodonoexercise.Inthesecondarticle,Prof.PhilipeSparklingoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,saysdoctorsshouldtailortheiradvice—particularlyforolderpatients.HesuggestsusingGPvisitsforpeopleover60todiscuss“realisticoptions”toincreaseactivity—suchasgettingpeopletostandupandmoveduringTVmercialbreaks.Prof.KevinFentonatPublicHealthEnglandsays,“Everyoneneedstobeactiveeveryday—shortperiodsof10ormoreminutesofphysicalactivityhaveprovenhealthbenefits,butgetting150minutesormoreofmoderateactivityeveryweekistheamountweneedtopositivelyimpactonawiderangeofhealthconditions.”Thisincludesreducingtheriskofheartdiseaseandtype2diabetes.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要討論了人們對(duì)現(xiàn)行鍛煉指導(dǎo)原則的不同看法。)12．Whatisthecurrentexercisegoalmentionedinthepassage?A．10-minuteexercise. B．20-minuteexercise.C．60-minuteexercise. D．150-minuteexercise.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theywarnthe150-minuteweeklytargetisbeyondthereachofsomepeople—particularlyolderindividuals.”及“Andtryingtoreachthesegoals”可知，現(xiàn)行的鍛煉目標(biāo)是每周150分鐘的運(yùn)動(dòng)量，故選D。13．Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A．10-minuteexercisehaslittleeffectonthehealth.B．Heartdiseasehappenseasilytotheoldinactivity.C．Two-and-a-halfhoursofexerciseisnotnecessary.D．Inactivityeasilybringsaboutmanyseriousdiseases.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thereisincreasingevidencethatinactivityislinkedtoheartdisease,type2diabetes(糖尿病)andsometypesofcancer.”可知，不活動(dòng)會(huì)引發(fā)很多疾病，故選D。14．WhatisthesuggestionofProf.PhilipedeSoutoBarretoaccordingtothethirdparagraph?A．Peopleshouldspendlesstimeonexercise.B．Peopleshouldlowertheiractivitylevels.C．Peopleshouldincreaseexerciseproperly.D．Peopleshouldachievetheircurrentgoals.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Prof.PhilipedeSoutoBarreto...pushingtoachievecurrentgoals.”可知，PhilipedeSoutoBarreto教授建議人們要適當(dāng)增加鍛煉，故選C。15．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutcurrentexerciseguidelines?A．Theyareimpractical.B．Theyarereasonable.C．Theyhavenoeffectonus.D．Theyarepopularwithpeople.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Researcherssaycurrentexerciseguidelinesareunrealisticandarguethatdoctorsshouldsometimesadvisesmallincreasesinactivityinstead.”可知，現(xiàn)行的鍛煉指導(dǎo)原則并不實(shí)用，故選A。Ⅱ.完形填空Myparentsowneda500-acrefarminMontanawhenIwasyoung.Lifetherewasfillednotjustwithfunandgamesbut__1__aswell.Thelambingseasonwasespeciallyhard.Montana'sfreezingspringweatherkeptmyparentswatching__2__mamasatallhoursofthedayandnight__3__anewbornlamb.Itwasduringthistimeofnewlifethatmyfavoritechildhoodmemory__4__.Oneexceptionally__5__day,mymotherspiedasheeptryingtodeliverherbabylambandneededmy__6__.Mymothercalmlyheldthesheep'sheadand__7__metogetholdofthelamb'sprotruding(伸出)legs.I__8__andmusthavehadalookofpaniconmyface.Thelittlethingswere__9__notsomethingIwantedtotouch.ButI__10__mycourageandwrappedmyfingers__11__them.Icanstillrememberthe__12__oftheunexpectedlydelicatelegs.Myheartbeatinfearandexcitement__13__Ipulledwithallmystrength.Thelambwasdelivered!Iwasno__14__toseeingfarmanimalsbeingborn,buttohavea__15__initwassomethingIwillcherishforever.I'msureeveryonegotvery__16__hearingmetellandretellmyheroicstory.Lookingback,I'msogladthatIdidn't__17__togetmyhandsdirty.IfIhad,themiraculousmomentandthepreciousmemorywouldhavebeen__18__.Itrytoinstill(逐漸灌輸)thatlife__19__intomychildren.Sometimesyouneedtogetyourhandsalittledirtytoexperiencesomething__20__andpure.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文作者主要回顧了小時(shí)候在農(nóng)場(chǎng)幫母親給羊接生的故事及感想。)1．A.pleasure B．dangerC．dilemma D．hardship解析：選D根據(jù)下文的“Thelambingseasonwasespeciallyhard.”可推知，農(nóng)場(chǎng)的生活既充滿樂(lè)趣也有艱辛。2．A.pregnant B．workingC．desperate D．sleeping解析：選A結(jié)合語(yǔ)境“anewbornlamb”可推知，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)，意為“懷孕的”。3．A.attheriskof B．incaseofC．freefrom D．inexchangefor解析：選B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“watching__2__mamasatallhoursofthedayandnight”可推知，作者的父母當(dāng)時(shí)日夜看護(hù)著懷孕的母羊以防有新羊羔誕生。4．A.faded B．tookpla