情態(tài)動詞havedone.doc

高考“情態(tài)動詞have done”考點(diǎn)解析“情態(tài)動詞have done”結(jié)構(gòu)是高考重要考點(diǎn)，也是較難掌握的語法項(xiàng)目之一，為了幫助同學(xué)們更好地掌握使用這一考點(diǎn)，下面結(jié)合近年高考試題談?wù)勂渲饕梅?。考點(diǎn)之一：在虛擬條件句中，如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，從句中用過去完成時(shí)，而主句中則用“情態(tài)動詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”，即：would/ could/ should/ might have done。例如：If they had finished the work on time, they would have been praised by the manager.If you had worked hard, you could have passed the examination.高考題分析：1. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. ( MET91) A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb2. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. (NMET98) A. could have stay B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stay3. Yesterday Jane walked away from discussion, otherwise, she _ something she would regret later.( 96上海) A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said答案簡析： 1. 根據(jù)信息詞yesterday可以判斷該句是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，從句中應(yīng)該用“情態(tài)動詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”，故答案選C。2. 本句是一個(gè)含蓄虛擬條件句，意思是：If you hadnt stay at a hotel while in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara. 表達(dá)了與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，答案選A。3. 本句考查的也是含蓄虛擬語氣，意思是：如果她參加了討論，她可能會說出一些后來令她后悔的話。表達(dá)了與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，故答案選D。考點(diǎn)之二：must have done表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的肯定推測判斷，語氣較強(qiáng)，意思是“一定、肯定”。其否定形式分別用cant/ couldnt和can/ could。例如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因?yàn)榻癯康孛媸浅睗竦?。She didnt attend the lesson yesterday. She must have been ill.她昨天沒有上課，她一定是生病了。鞏固練習(xí)：He _ have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. (北京題)A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cantThis cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. (05遼寧26題). Should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?- Something _ to him. ( 05江西22題 A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happenedD. must have happenedI was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. ( 05重慶33題)A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have doneI _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.( 05天津14題)A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt- Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. (05 湖北32題)A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt1. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. (MET 89) A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been2. - I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didnt recognize the voice. - Oh, it _ my brother, Peter. A. must be B. must have been C. can have been D. might be答案簡析： 1. 關(guān)鍵詞是didnt，說明動作發(fā)生在過去，所以是對已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的推測判斷。故答案選B。 2. 本句的意思是：我昨天朝你家里打的電話。是對過去情況的推測判斷，應(yīng)該用must have done結(jié)構(gòu)。故答案選B。三、may/ might have done也用于對已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的肯定推測判斷，但語氣稍弱，意思是“可能，或許”。例如：She didnt get there in time. She may have missed the bus.她沒能及時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。她可能沒趕上汽車。He didnt come to school today. He might have been ill.他今天沒來上課，他可能病了。鞏固練習(xí)： 1. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.( 2000春)A. might B. should C. can D. will2. The window was broken. Tom _ have done that, for he was a little naughty. A. could B. might C. should D. ought to3. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. (1996 上海)A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said 答案簡析： 這三句表達(dá)的都是對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的推測判斷，意思是“可能、或許”，應(yīng)該用may/might have done結(jié)構(gòu)。答案分別選ABD。三、如果對過去情況推測判斷的句子是疑問句和否定句，只能用cancould和cant,couldnt。例如：He cant have gone abroad; I saw him an hour ago.他不可能去國外，我一個(gè)小時(shí)前還見到他呢。- Can he have passed the exam? - No, he cant have. He didnt work hard.他通過考試了嗎？不，他不可能通過考試。他學(xué)習(xí)不努力。鞏固練習(xí)：1. - There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. - It _ a comfortable journey. （MET95） A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, so he _ your lecture. (2002 上海)A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attendedC. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended3. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it? (2003 上海春招)A. should B. must C. could D. would 4. I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She _ at the meeting. (1995 上海) A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken答案簡析：1、根據(jù)They were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.一句中的時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)該是對過去情況的推測判斷，因?yàn)檐嚿弦呀?jīng)有5位人了，在帶上我一個(gè)，可以斷定這一定是一次不舒適的旅行。所以，本句表達(dá)的是對過去否定的推測判斷，應(yīng)該用cant/ could have done來表達(dá)。故答案選D。2、根據(jù)句意“我妹妹昨天在大劇院見過他”，所以，一定是對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的否定的判斷，答案選A。3、本句表達(dá)的是對過去發(fā)生過的情況的疑問，所以應(yīng)該用could have done，答案選C。4、本句表達(dá)的是過去已發(fā)生情況否定的推測判斷，應(yīng)該用couldnt have done，故答案選D。四、含有must/ may/ might表示對過去情況推測判斷的句子，如果變成反意疑問句，反意疑問句中動詞應(yīng)與情態(tài)動詞must等后的動詞形式保持一致，用一般過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：He must have been living here for years, hasnt he?他一定是在這兒住了好幾年了，是嗎？You cant have slept well last night, did you?你昨天晚上沒睡好，是不是？對已發(fā)生的過去情況的推測，若陳述句謂語部分有“must have done”，而且有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，問句部分用didnt；若沒有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，問句部分用havent或hasnt。如： 1)They must have gone there last night,didnt they? 2)They must have arrived by now,havent they?（根據(jù)by now來判斷） 3)They must have been to the Great Wall,havent they? 鞏固練習(xí)：1: Great changes must have taken place in the village in the past few years, _ they?A. mustnt B. havent C. cant D. didnt2. He must have lived a happy life a few years ago, _ he?A. didnt B. hasnt C. mustnt D. cant答案簡析：1. 含有must表示推測判斷的句子，其反意疑問句的動詞形式應(yīng)與must后動詞時(shí)態(tài)保持一致?？梢岳斫獬扇绻槐硎就茰y判斷，該句應(yīng)該說成：Great changes have taken place in the village in the past few year. 變成反意疑問句后應(yīng)該說成：Great changes have take place in the past few years, havent they? 所以，該題選B。 2. 本句中must后的動詞形式應(yīng)為did，所以，反意疑問句的動詞應(yīng)為didnt。故答案選A。 五、should/ ought to have done表示“本來應(yīng)該做的，而實(shí)際上沒有做的事情”，其否定形式則表示“已經(jīng)做了不該做的事情”，含有責(zé)備的意思。例如：The flowers have died. I should have watered them often.這些花兒都死了。我本來應(yīng)該常給他們澆水的。（其實(shí)沒澆水）You ought not to have told them the truth.你本不應(yīng)該告訴他們真相的。（其實(shí)你告訴他們了）鞏固練習(xí)： 1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you? （99 上海）A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have2. Oh, I am not feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken just now. (2002 上海春)A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 3. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (NMET 2001)A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave - Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.-You _ her last week. (04 福建)A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told4. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving（04廣西卷）答案簡析： 1、 本句的意思是：昨天的聚會很有意思，你本來應(yīng)該來的，可你為什么沒來？表示“本應(yīng)該做，而實(shí)際上沒有做的事情”應(yīng)該用should/ ought to have done。答案D。 2.、本句的意思是：我胃不舒服，我剛才不應(yīng)該吃那么多油炸雞。其實(shí)你吃了所以應(yīng)該選C。 3、本句表達(dá)的意思是：你不應(yīng)該一句話沒說就離開家。含有責(zé)備的意思，做了不應(yīng)該做的事情，答案選B。六、neednt have done表示“做了本來不必做的事情”，通常不用于肯定句。例如：Its only five minutes walk. We neednt have taken a taxi.只有5分鐘的步行路程，我們本不必乘出租車的。It is warm today. You neednt have worn your coat.今天天氣暖和，你本來不必穿大衣的。鞏固練習(xí)：1. He is not poor. You _ have lent him the money.A. cant B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt2. There was plenty of time. You _ have hurried.A. wont B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldnt答案簡析：1. 該句的意思是：他不窮，你本不必借給他錢。答案選B.2. 該句的意思是：時(shí)間充裕著呢，你不必慌忙。答案選C。- Catheri