大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)英語PPT.ppt

International Business English Correspondence Basics,1. principles and approaches of writing business letters.letter in good order .,2. the usual structure of a business letter and e-mails.,3. how to edit layouts and arrange the parts of a business,Objectives,4. some knowledge about products and trade organizations and arrange the parts of a business,I. An Introduction to the Course,1.What is Business English?,2. Business English vs. General English,3. International Business English Correspondence,1.What is Business English?,Business English focuses on vocabulary and topics used in the worlds of business, trade, finance, and international relations. It also refers to the communication skills used in the workplace, and focuses on the language and skills needed for typical business communication such as presentations, negotiations, meetings, small talk, socializing, correspondence, report writing, and so on. People study business English for very practical reasons: to improve their work performance, enhance their prospects for promotion, or in order to find a job.,1.所謂國際商務(wù)英語, 指的是人們在從事國際商務(wù)各個領(lǐng)域的活動中所使用的英語, 它 涉及到專業(yè)公司、廠家及對外經(jīng)濟、貿(mào)易、國際金融、銀行、保險、海關(guān)、物流等行 業(yè)和領(lǐng)域，它比外貿(mào)英語函電涵蓋的面寬。商務(wù)英語是以滿足職場需求為目的，內(nèi)容 涵蓋商務(wù)活動全過程，它以語言為載體，把核心的商務(wù)內(nèi)容放到其中，以職場人員和 即將邁入職場的人員為目標(biāo)，以商務(wù)活動中常用英語為重點的一種培訓(xùn)。歸根到底， 實用性是商務(wù)英語最大的特點。,2. Business English vs. General English,People study English for different purposes. Thus English falls into two categories:English for General Purposes (EGP) and English for Specific Purpose (ESP). BusinessEnglish is a part of ESP and can be considered a specialism within English language learning and teaching. It implies the definition of a specific language corpus and emphasis on particular kinds of communication in specific context while General English may encompass the broad vocabulary and varieties of styles found in literature and other general reading and in the world of entertainment and the media. Individuals may have interest in the culture; desire to travel or live abroad; a feeling that language skills will be useful or lead to better job prospects.,普通英語是人們在日常生活中使用最廣泛的語言，人們用它來從事日常交流和傳遞一般 信息。商務(wù)英語屬于專門用途英語，是人們在從事國際商務(wù)活動過程中經(jīng)常使用的英語 ，是商務(wù)環(huán)境中使用的英語。這些活動領(lǐng)域包括：國際貿(mào)易、國際經(jīng)濟、國際金融、銀 行業(yè)、海關(guān)事務(wù)和旅游等，是商務(wù)文化群體中所特有的一種英語， 其與普通英語的差異， 不僅表現(xiàn)在目的和意義方面， 而且表現(xiàn)在詞語用法、句子組成和篇章的構(gòu)建方面， 這是 國際商務(wù)工作者長期交際的結(jié)果。,3. International Business English Correspondence,國際商務(wù)英語函電作為國際商務(wù)往來經(jīng)常使用的聯(lián)系方式， 是開展對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)和有關(guān)商務(wù)活動的重要工具。正 確地掌握外貿(mào)英語函電的基本知識，并能熟練地加以運用， 是經(jīng)貿(mào)英語專業(yè)學(xué)生從事外經(jīng)、外貿(mào)行業(yè)必須具備的職業(yè) 技能。通過學(xué)習(xí)外貿(mào)實務(wù)中各種英文業(yè)務(wù)函件和傳真以及 其它文件的寫作格式，商業(yè)、術(shù)語和各種不同的表達(dá)方法， 使學(xué)生在提高英語水平的同時，熟練掌握對外貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)中 的基本技能，培養(yǎng)和提高他們的對外貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)工作能力。 該課程是一門理論與實踐結(jié)合緊密的應(yīng)用性學(xué)科。,II. Guidelines for Effective Business Correspondence,Writing Approaches for Business English Letters,Writing Approaches for Business English Letters,直接式結(jié)構(gòu)用于傳遞令人滿意或中性信息的信函,間接式結(jié)構(gòu)傳遞令人失望的消息的商務(wù)信函盡量減少讀者的不悅,2. Writing Principles for Business English Letters,To make your writing effective, you may follow some generally accepted principles. Since all these principles are begun with the letter “C”, they can be summed up as 7Cs, i.e. Clarity, Consideration, Courtesy, Completeness , Conciseness, Concreteness and Correctness.,1）清晰(clarity) 清楚是英語應(yīng)用文最重要的語言特點。商務(wù)文書應(yīng)主題突出，層次分明，可讀性強。其內(nèi)容應(yīng)明白易懂，無模棱兩可、含糊不清、陳詞濫調(diào)等現(xiàn)象。為了表達(dá)的清晰性，有時需要附上范例、說明、圖示等。例如： “bimonthly” 一詞具有兩種含義，一種是“一月兩次”，另一種是“每兩月一次”，因此應(yīng)避免使用這類具有雙重意義的詞。 2）體諒(consideration) 體諒，即多從對方角度出發(fā)(you-attitude)，理解并體諒對方的需求、愿望、感情，著重正面、肯定地談問題，盡量避免從否定角度談。 3）禮貌(courtesy) 寫商務(wù)文書應(yīng)本著真誠體貼、有禮有節(jié)、不卑不亢的態(tài)度。表達(dá)方式應(yīng)委婉、積極，措詞得當(dāng)。將命令式改為請求式或使用虛擬語氣表示請求等多種方式以表達(dá)禮貌。盡速答復(fù)對方也是禮貌的表現(xiàn)，體現(xiàn)了對客戶的尊重。,4）完整(completeness) 在商務(wù)英語使用過程中，我們應(yīng)力求內(nèi)容完整。商務(wù)英語篇章的完整性特點要求商務(wù)英語文書涵蓋寫信人希望收信人做出積極反應(yīng)的一切情況及問題，或者回答對方來信提出的全部問題或要求。如在報盤時，需要寫清商品、價格、交貨時間及付款方式等。 5）簡潔(conciseness) 簡明指的是盡可能地用精辟的文字清楚地表達(dá)你需要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，而又毫不損壞完整、具體和禮貌。各種商務(wù)信函應(yīng)當(dāng)在涵蓋各種必須陳述的信息的基礎(chǔ)上做到言簡意賅、文字簡潔， 其語言形式要簡單、直接、明了，避免使用籠統(tǒng)的陳舊的商業(yè)術(shù)語、怪詞、難詞和長句，盡量多地使用熟悉的短詞和口語體詞。完整性和簡潔性兩個特點相互制約，相輔相成。 6）具體(concreteness) 商務(wù)文書應(yīng)力求具體、明確、形象，力避含糊，空泛、抽象。在給對方做出明確反應(yīng)的信或答復(fù)對方的要求或問題的信中，尤其需要做到表述具體化。特別是合同、協(xié)議、通知、廣告和需要做出具體答復(fù)像報盤、詢問交易條款等的信函時，需要使用具體的事實和數(shù)據(jù)。在名詞和動詞的使用上，多使用意義明確的詞。 7）正確(correctness) 所謂正確，并非僅指語法、標(biāo)點和詞的拼寫這些基本要素。商務(wù)文書內(nèi)容(如事實、數(shù)據(jù)等)必須以準(zhǔn)確的語言和商務(wù)套語加以表達(dá)，不得出半分差錯，否則會給自己公司帶來重大經(jīng)濟損失。,III. Layout of Business Letters & E-mails,1. Layout of Business Letter,A formal business letter consists of fourteen parts in which nine parts are essential and five parts are optional.,A Nine important parts,Letterhead,Date,Inside Address,Salutation,Subject Line,Body of the Letter,Complimentary Close,Signature,Enclosure,Letter head is often printed on quality paper beforehand. It includes the essential particulars about the writer: the companies name, postal address and zip-code, telephone and facsimile numbers, websites, etc. You can see examples below:,信頭：發(fā)信人公司的名稱、地址、傳真或電話號碼。,Sample 1,(1) The letterhead,Following are some of names of trade organizations in China:,China National Cereals, oils & Foodstuffs Imp/Exp Corp. 中國糧油食品進(jìn)出口公司 China National Construction Materials Imp/Exp Corp. 中國建材進(jìn)出口公司 China National Arts & Crafts Imp/Exp Corp. 中國工藝品進(jìn)出口公司 China National Metals & Minerals Imp/Exp Corp. 中國五金礦產(chǎn)進(jìn)出口公司 China National Textiles Imp/Exp Corp. 中國紡織品進(jìn)出口公司 China National Light Industrial Products Imp/Exp Corp. 中國輕工產(chǎn)品進(jìn)出口公司 China National Garments & Costumes Imp/Exp Corp. 中國服裝進(jìn)出口公司 China National Arts & Crafts Imp/Exp Corp. 中國工藝品進(jìn)出口公司 China National Petroleum Imp/Exp Corp. 中國石油進(jìn)出口公司 China National Nonferrous Metals Imp/Exp Corp. 中國有色金屬進(jìn)出口公司,China National Electric Wires & Cables Imp/Exp Corp. 中國電線電纜進(jìn)出口公司 China National Chemicals Imp/Exp Corp. 中國化工進(jìn)出口公司 China National Complete Plant Imp/Exp Corp. 中國成套設(shè)備進(jìn)出口公司 China National Agricultural Machinery Imp/Exp Corp. 中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械進(jìn)出口公司 China National Aero-Technology Imp/Exp Corp. 中國航空技術(shù)進(jìn)出口公司 China National Medicines & Health Products Imp/Exp Corp. 中國醫(yī)藥保健品進(jìn)出口公司 China Metallurgical Imp/Exp Corp. 中國冶金進(jìn)出口公司 China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation 中國對外貿(mào)易運輸公司 China Ocean Shipping Agency 中國外輪代理總公司 China Export Bases Development Corporation 中國出口商品基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)公司 China Ocean Shipping Company 中國遠(yuǎn)洋運輸公司,The date should be placed two or four spaces below the letterhead to the right for indented style or the left for the blocked style. The date should be written in full and not abbreviated. Spell out the name of the month, and do not show the date in figure like 11/9/2007 to avoid confusion. This is because there are two ways in writing the date.,(2) The date,寫信的年、月 、日,The inside address usually consists of name of the person to whom the letter is sent, often with a social title and his or her company title, the name of the firms, and the mailing address of the firm. It appears exactly the same way as on the envelope, but not in all capital letters as on the envelope.,(3) The inside address,收信人的公司名稱和地址,The salutation is the polite greetings with which a letter begins. The customary formal greeting in a business letter is “Dear Sirs” or “Gentlemen”. It should be placed two spaces below the inside address.,（4）The salutation,Often useful as a time-saver is the practice of including at the head of a letter a short title announcing the subject-matter. It is often inserted between the salutation and the body of the letter to invite attention to the topic of the letter.,（5）The subject line,對收信人的尊稱,事由、標(biāo)題,如“事由”在標(biāo)題一欄中已給出，則寫作中可采用簡化的形式。且看下面信函的開頭： Dear Sir or Madam, RE: Contract No. CZ-567300 Gauss Meters With reference to the 300 Gauss Meters under our Sales Confirmation No.CZ-567, we would draw your attention to the fact 在第一段里“事由”在標(biāo)題一欄里已給出，因此第一句直接簡化為：With reference to the above-mentioned contract, we would like to 或Referring to the captioned goods, we would like to 。,. The complimentary close is merely a polite way of ending a letter. Just as the use of Dear Sir, etc., is purely conventional, so is the use of Yours faithfully, Yours truly, Cordially yours, and similar expressions. Nowadays, Best regards is customary formal ending.,（6）The body of the letter,This part carries the actual message of the letter,（7）The complimentary close,A letter should be signed by hand, and in ink. Because many hand-written signature are illegible, the name of the signer is usually typed below the signature and followed by his job title or position.,（8）The signature,Enclosure is important in a business letter as the recipient will know that samples or pricelists are sent as well. Two line-spacings between the carbon copy notation the writer may indicate one or more enclosures in the letter. Sometimes you may use the abbreviation “Enc.”,（9）The enclosure,附件：注明隨信所附的樣品、樣品本、價目單等,書信結(jié)束的禮貌用語,正文,寫信人的署名,B The Optional Parts,（10）The references,The references may include a file number, department code or the initial of the signer of the writer. They are marked “Our ref.” and “Your ref. “ to avoid confusion. They may be placed immediately below the letterhead.,（11）The attention line,The attention line is used to direct the letter to a specific individual or section of the firm. It generally followed the inside address.,為了便于存檔分類而編的號,經(jīng)辦人名稱：希望收信商號將信速交經(jīng)辦部門辦理。,If the copy of the letter is to be sent to a third party, type cc or CC two line-spacing below the signature or immediately below the enclosure at the left-hand margin.,(12) The Reference Notation,The reference notations are made up of the initials of the person who dictates the letter and of the secretary or typist. The initials are usually typed two line-spacing below the signature against the left-hand margin. The two sets are separated by a colon or a slant, with the dictators coming first. You may capitalize both, or neither, or only the first of the set. Eg. HW / JZ HW: JZ HW: jz HW / jz,（13）The carbon copy notation,Try to avoid the use of postscripts as far as possible, since it may suggest the writer failed to plan his letter before he wrote it or dictated it.,（14）The postscript,經(jīng)辦人代號 ：以便日后查對由何人主稿，由何人速記打字。,抄送：將信抄送給有關(guān)部門的標(biāo)記。,再啟：信寫完后，如果想起還有要緊的話要說，可在信末加P.S.,引出補述的話。,2 The illustration of the position of each part mentioned above,Letterhead (1) The references (10) Date:- (2) The inside address (3) The attention line （11） The salutation（Dear Sirs,） (4),The salutation（Dear Sirs,）(4) Subject line (5) Body of the letter( Im sending you a copy of a letter by internal post that I received this morning from Brian Rogers of Avalon Industries. He says that the machine they received had a damaged case and that it did not work when turned on. Whats strange is that last week we received a fax confirming the arrival of the machine in good condition.) (6) Complimentary close (7) Signature (8) Your name and Title The Reference Notation （12） The enclosure （9） The carbon copy notation （13） Postscript （14）,縮行式信函的特點： 1）信頭和封內(nèi)地址每逢換行時，下一行要比上一行往右縮進(jìn)23個字母的位置； 2）日期放在信紙的右上端，簽名放在中間偏右下方； 3）每一段的第一行都從左邊空白邊緣往右縮進(jìn)35個字母的位置； 4）段落之間要空12行。,1.縮行式（Indented Style）,Teaching Contents,1.Indented Form,上 海 太 平 洋 貿(mào) 易 有 限 公 司 SHANGHAI PACIFIC TRADING CO.,LTD Add: 108LAOSHANG ROAD SHANGHAI,CHINA = TEL：86Your Ref: JH/nb FAX：86Our Ref: SM/L02-0031 E-mail: = Date: September 2. 2002 To： S.M. Trading Co. Ltd. 403 Jalan Street, Toronto, Canada ATTN：Mr M. Yasin Marlic,Teaching Contents,1.Indented Form,Dear Sirs, Re: New Design Brown Bear Thank you for your E-mail expressing your interest in our products. We are now sending our quotation sheet for your selection. We also enclose a sample and are sure that you will be satisfied with their fine quality. Yours faithfully SHANGHAI PACIFIC TRADING CO.,LTD 劉世元 Sales Manager C.C : our branch office Encl. sample P.S. HW/JZ,齊頭式信函的特點： 1）日期放在信紙的左上端與每行取齊。 2）簽名放在左下端與每行取齊，成一垂直線。 3）每行都從左邊開始取齊，段落之間要空2行。,B.齊頭式或平頭式（Block Style）,Teaching Contents,2.Blocked Form,FUJIAN TEXTILE IMPORT & EXPORT CORPORATION 45 BRODING STREET FUZHOU, CHINA November 30, 2001 Messrs. Williams & Warner 36 Tower Street Sydney, Australia Gentlemen: Re: SHEEP WOOL With reference to our Order TC303 of 30 September for 50 M/T Sheep Wool, we shall be glad to know when we may expect delivery, as these are urgently required.,Although in the past people could not even imagine the wonders made by modern electronic and computer technology, these tools are now nearly indispensable in modern offices. The full name of E-mail is “electronic mail”. E-mails are widely used in modern business circles, refers to computer-based whereby one computer sends a message to another via the Internet. Sending e-mail is relatively cheap, quick and messages can be sent or picked up anywhere in the world and stored in the mailbox until they are retrieved. Emails had become by far the most popular means of communication in business。 1) Structure of an E-mail Since an email is an electronic version of letter, it consists of most parts of a letter but in a simplifier form. An e-mail usually includes: Heading The heading is usually made up of the following parts: To: e-mail address of the recipient From: e-mail address of the sender (usually automatically filled in) Subject: main idea of the message Date: (usually automatically filled in) Cc: （carbon copy）recipients whom the writer wishes to publicly inform of the message. Attachment: refers to documents or photos sent with emails Body: The body part is the message of the e-mail. Paragraphs can be blocked or indented. Regardless of format, skip a line between paragraphs. 2) Example,2. Layout of E-mails,發(fā)件人,收件人,抄送,附件,主題,稱呼,Exercises,I. Write out the following :,1.中國化工進(jìn)出口公司 2.中國包裝進(jìn)出口公司 3. 中國航工技術(shù)進(jìn)出口公司 4.電器設(shè)備及用品 5. 禮品及工藝品,China National Chemicals Imp/Exp Corp.,China National Packaging Imp/Exp Corp.,China National Aero-Technology Imp/Exp Corp.,electrical appliances & supplies,gifts & crafts,II. Arrange the following in proper form as they should be set out in a letter,1. Senders name: China National Textile Imp.& Exp. Company 2. Senders address: 123 Hubin Road, Fuzhou, China 3. Senders Fax:Email: 4. Senders telephone number:5. Date: June 23, 2010 6. Receivers name: Muhib ULLAH Co., Ltd. 7. Receivers address: 63 Tunis Hse, Harford St., London E1, 4PR 8. Subject-matter: 5000 dozen Table Cloth 9. The message: We thank you for your letter of March 16 enquiring for the captioned goods. The enclosed booklet contains det