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道路規(guī)劃與設(shè)計,同濟大學交通運輸工程學院 方守恩,道路規(guī)劃與設(shè)計,一、學習內(nèi)容 (一) 國內(nèi)外科技發(fā)展概況 1. 近期國外道路科技發(fā)展趨勢 2. 中國交通科技發(fā)展 3.國家高速公路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃 4 當前道路規(guī)劃與路線設(shè)計方面的主要研究熱點 (二) 汽車構(gòu)造和汽車理論 1. 汽車傳動系統(tǒng)及其發(fā)動機 2. 汽車的動力平衡 3. 汽車的動力特性圖和經(jīng)濟特性圖,道路規(guī)劃與設(shè)計,(三) 道路幾何設(shè)計和技術(shù)標準 1. 新公路工程技術(shù)標準和公路路線設(shè)計規(guī)范學習 2. 美、德、日各國道路技術(shù)標準的比較分析 (四) 道路交通安全與道路設(shè)計 (五) 現(xiàn)代化測設(shè)設(shè)備(全站儀、GPS、航測等)簡介及其在道路工程中的應(yīng)用 (六) 道路規(guī)劃設(shè)計中的環(huán)境評價和景觀設(shè)計,道路規(guī)劃與設(shè)計,二、主要參考資料 公路工程技術(shù)標準JTG B01-2003 公路路線設(shè)計規(guī)范JTG D20-2006 公路項目安全性評價指南JTG/T B05-2004 汽車構(gòu)造,吉林工大編,人民交通出版社,1987年; 汽車理論,清華大學編,機械工業(yè)出版社,1989年; 公路與城市道路幾何設(shè)計,AASHTO標準,西北工業(yè)大學出版社,1988年; 公路設(shè)計指南,陳勝營等,人民交通出版社,2000年 日本公路技術(shù)標準的解說和運用,日本道路協(xié)會,人民交通出版社,1979年; 德國的道路設(shè)計,Durth講,景天然譯,人民交通出版社,1987年; 道路通行能力手冊,美國交委會專題報告209號,中國建筑工業(yè)出版社,1991年; 道路安全工程,郭忠印、方守恩,人民交通出版社,2003年9月 新理念公路設(shè)計指南(2005年版),交通部公路司,人民交通出版社,2005年11月,道路規(guī)劃與設(shè)計,二、主要參考資料 A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets AASHTO 2004 Road Safety Audit (Second Edition) AUSTROADS 2002 Safer Roads: A Guide to Road Safety Engineering,K.W. Ogden , Avebury Technical,1996; 日本道路構(gòu)造令2004年;,國內(nèi)外科技發(fā)展動態(tài),同濟大學交通運輸工程學院 方守恩,一、國際道路協(xié)會(PIARC)介紹,Permanent International Association of Road Congress,歷史,成立于1908年 現(xiàn)每4年召開一次會議 至今已召開過22屆 19131923年 第一次世界大戰(zhàn) 19381951年 第二次世界大戰(zhàn) 2000年擁有97個國家會員,2000名個人會員,歷史,中國1922年入會 1979年參加會議并提出復會申請 1983年恢復會員國地位,中心議題(19832003),Theme 1 - Road Technology,Analyses to define functional and quality requirements requested by users Life-cycle cost analyses and development of production and products from the client, operator and user points of view, including recycled and marginal materials Taking account of innovations and the results of research, and promoting their utilisation, when developing best practices and giving recommendations Adapting appropriate technologies to developing countries (DC) and countries in transition (CIT) Promoting the development of durable highway structures that can be kept in efficient and safe operation,Theme 2 - Road Transport, Livability and Sustainable Development,General consequences of the Kyoto agreement, including quantitative analyses of technical, social, and political issues addressing road policies How to improve communication between community and decision-makers Development of integrated interurban transport The impacts and consequences of land use planning on transport demand Integrated transport in urban areas How to promote non-motorised trips in urban planning Understanding of the contribution of efficient movement of freight to national and international economies,Theme 3 - Road and Road Transport Operations,Risk management (including natural, industrial, technical, etc., risks) Keeping the road network, including bridges and tunnels, in safe, useable operation in all conditions Traffic demand management, including investigating the opportunities for integrated information flows to travellers How to develop the concept of a fully integrated high quality transport network operator role, e.g. how to operate a major road network to service standards and slot booking in the same way as rail, air and sea services The promotion of global technology standards to maximise opportunities To understand the safety responses to many advances, including the identification of safety issues which are priorities for developing countries,Theme 4 - Management and Administration of the Road System,Developing, improving and implementing asset management processes Management and technology systems within an integrated transport system Utilisation of the results of the PIARC/HDM-4 project in improving road management Effective coordination between network managers, operators and the community Making more efficient use of the road budget Introduction of new forms of road financing Introduction of road pricing Organizational structure and effective performance management within road administrations The role and application of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the provision, operation and maintenance of the road network,Theme 5 - Appropriate Levels of Road and Road Transport Development,Evaluate effectiveness of PIARC technology transfer Development of techniques to facilitate the exchange of technology among and within PIARC member countries and professionals Improve understanding of the needs of developing countries Adapting transportation policy to users expectation Addressing problems of traffic congestion, environment and mobility in urban areas of developing countries and countries in transition Evaluation methods for road investment priorities in DCs and CITs and rural and remote areas Develop relationships with international technology transfer and financing organizations Application of road user charges, particularly in countries in transition, in some developing countries and in rural and remote areas Analyses of road user costs and quality of service levels for various transport modes Public consultation Technical standards for DCs and CITs,PIARC Technical Committee(C1),This Committee was created in 1938 during the Congress of The Hague under the name “Technical Committee on Skid Resistance“. Methods and systems to measure surface characteristics including using the results from the two international experiments carried out by PIARC on friction, texture and evenness , Noise emission measurement, Pavement/vehicle interaction, Indicators to define pavement quality of use.,PIARC Technical Committee on Community Consultation (C2),This Committee was created in 2000 after the Kuala Lumpur Congress. Improve users and publics understanding and expectations, Inventory of successful practices, Develop new methodologies for public consultation. The methods must make a distinction between what is done for road and road transport policies, programmes and projects. Methods shall enhance the communication policy.,PIARC Technical Committee on Technological Exchanges and Development (C3),This Committee was created in 1953 for the preparation of the Istanbul Congress. It had been successively called “Technical Committee on Low-Volume Roads“ and “Technical Committee on Roads in Developing Regions“. Continue identification / coordination with PIARC Technical Committees on advances in the “State of the Art“, Continue identification of methods of successful technology transfers, Facilitate identification of needs among developing countries, Supplement the training of road engineers with a human and social facet (sociology and social,PIARC Technical Committee on Interurban Roads and Integrated Interurban Transport (C4),This Committee was created in 1953 for the Istanbul Congress. It had been successively called “Technical Committee on Traffic“, “Technical Committee on Traffic and Safety“, “Committee on Interurban Roads“ and during 1996-1999: “Committee on Roads, Transport and Regional Development“. Mobility. Regional development and land planning. Integration, intermodality and interoperability of the different transport modes. Emerging transport modes. Development of public consultation. Cross-disciplinary methods and skills. Rural roads. Alignment design. Roadside features,PIARC Technical Committee on Road Tunnel Operation (C5),This Committee was created in 1957 for the Rio de Janeiro Congress. It was called “Committee on Road Tunnels“ up to the end of 1999. Operation methods according to economic and safety criteria, Equipment, Adaptation and improvement of structures in service, Training workforces, Risk analysis, Follow-up on the conclusions of the project “Transport of Dangerous Goods through Tunnels“.,PIARC Technical Committee on Road Management (C6),This Committee was created in 1965 after the Rome Congress. It had been successively called “Technical Committee on Winter Maintenance“, “Technical Committee on Maintenance and Management“. Asset management methods taking account of: Transport management, Levels of service, Management and maintenance quality, Economic management/prediction models.,PIARC Technical Committee on Road Pavements (C7/8),This Committee was created in 1962 for the Rome Congress. It was then called “Technical Committee on Pavement Design“ which had been separated into C7 (Concrete Roads) and C8 (Flexible Roads) in 1965. The activities of the Technical Committee on Testing of Road Materials (C2) which was created in Munich in 1934, were transferred to C7 and C8 in 1992. In 2000, those two Committees merged into one single Technical Committee: C7/8. Design of flexible, mixed, concrete and composite pavements according to durability, economic and environmental criteria: Design methods and standards, Selection of materials, recycling, needs in materials, Maintenance and strengthening.,PIARC Technical Committee on Economic and Financial Evaluation (C9),This Committee was created in 1971 during the Prague Congress. It was then called “Economic and Finance Committee“. Road pricing policy, Road infrastructure financing modes, Case of roads in rural areas, Cost recovery, Change in risk sharing from new financing methods.,PIARC Technical Committee on Urban Areas and Integrated Urban Transport (C10),This Committee was created in 1976 after the Mexico Congress. Up to 1991 it was called “Committee on Roads in Urban Areas“. Then, until 1999, it was called “Committee on Urban Areas“. Relationship between transport and urban planning and development, Improvement of road network integration with public transport systems, Sharing urban roadways among the various transport modes, including non-motorised transport, Emerging transport modes, Integrated payment systems for the use of road infrastructure by public transport and parking facilities.,PIARC Technical Committee on Road Bridges and other Structures (C11),This Committee deals with management and maintenance of road bridges, but not with designing new bridges. This matter is dealt with by another international association (IABSE International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering) This Committee was created in 1980 after the Vienna Congress. Up to 1999 included, it was called “Committee on Road Bridges“. Asset management, Investigative methods of the condition of structures, Risk analysis and reliability of structures (bridges and other structures, excluding tunnels) taking account of the whole life of the structure, life cycle analysis, Appropriate operation methodologies.,PIARC Technical Committee on Earthworks, Drainage, Subgrade (C12),This Committee was created in 1984 after the XVIIth World Road Congress (Sydney). Design and construction. Soil upgrading. Use of local materials and wastes. Water movements and improvement of drainage systems. Risk management. Pre-standardization.,PIARC Technical Committee on Road Safety (C13),This Committee was created in 1988 after the XVIIIth World Road Congress (Brussels). Road safety audits, Evaluation methods of safety concepts, Road design standards related to safety, User behaviour analysis, Enforcement, Road safety education.,PIARC Technical Committee on Sustainable Development and Road Transport (C14),This Committee was created in 1988 after the XVIIIth World Road Congress (Brussels). It was called “Committee on the Environment“ until 1999. Consequences of the Kyoto Protocol and global warming on road policies, Evaluation of the impacts of transport policies on employment, health, and biodiversity, Noise and toxic emissions limits in urban areas, Public consultation methods, making a distinction between programmes and projects.,PIARC Technical Committee on Performance of Road Administrations (C15),This Committee was created in 1996 after the Montral Congress. New management and organization modes of Road Administrations, Public/private and public/public management and risk sharing, New public road authority competence for regulation in case of public/private and public/public concessions, Quality systems performance indicators, Optimal resource allocation, Procurement methods for works.,PIARC Technical Committee on Network Operations (C16),This Committee was created in 1996 after the Montral Congress. It was called “Committee on Intelligent Transport“ from 1996 to 1999 included. Role and responsibility of road administrations in road network operations, Public/private partnership, Cooperation with administrations and organizations involved in traffic management, Intelligent road infrastructure management methods, Real time monitoring of road networks, User information, Intermodal management means.,PIARC Technical Committee on Winter Maintenance (C17),This Technical Committee (since 2000) was first created as a Working Group. This Committee is renewed every four years, but one year before the other Technical Committees because it is in charge of the technical documents of PIARC Winter Road Congresses. It has acted as the programme Committee of the XIth Winter Road Congress in Sapporo (Japan), 28-31 January 2002. C17 is currently being set up in view of the XIIth International Winter Road Congress which will be held in Turin-Sestriere in 2006. Preparation of the technical programme and documents of the PIARC International Winter Road Congress.,PIARC Technical Committee on Risk Management for Roads (C18),This Technical Committee was first created as a PIARC Working Group in 1991 in the framework of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction decided by UNO (1990-1999). It was called “Working Group on Natural Disaster Reduction“. It became a PIARC Technical Committee in 2000. Identification and classification of natural or industrial risks, Prevention methods, Risk exposure plans, Crisis management.,PIARC Technical Committee on Freight Transport (C19),In January 1997, this Technical Committee was first created as a PIARC Working Group. In 2000, it became a Technical Committee. Overall state of freight transport, Consequences of the liberalization of exchanges and of deregulation, Freight transport by road, Intermodality, relationship with freight transport by rail, Logistic platforms, Size and weight of vehicles.,PIARC Technical Committee on Appropriate Development (C20),This Committee was created in 2000 after the Kuala Lumpur Congress. Carry out research work to define a methodology for setting up an inventory of road needs as a social service, Set the appropriate objectives to be met on the basis of the appropriate development concept, Compare methods that are used to qualify and quantify those needs and derive best practices from them, Define a “universal model“ accepted by the road community to set road investment priorities in poor countries. This evaluation method must be accepted and shared by the donors and implemented by the road administrations. It must consider among the project added values, those other than the reduction of the vehicle operating costs, eg agricultural, mining, tourism as well as social impacts, Create a database of new indicators directed towards appropriate development. These data represent social indicators (road access rate, time needed to reach cities, etc.).,中心議題(20042008),Entkopplung von Wirtschafts- und Verkehrswachstum 分析經(jīng)濟增長和交通增長,Tag Ib.38,Governance and Management of the Road System and Related Technical Committees,Strategic Theme 1,39,Goal and Background,Goal : Improve the governance and management of road administration in the provision of road systems in accordance with international best practice.,Roles of Roads are: linking all transport modes essential to promote socioeconomic development, facing new challenges(structural changes, scope of activities etc.),provide services to road users and road-side residents,road development and maintenance,Road administrations are,Background:,40,Items to investigate,1. Road system economics within an integrated transport system 2. Effects of road pricing 3. Effective management measures of : - Financial procurement strategies - Cost management for long-term investments - Public private partnership 4. Governance and structure of road administration 5. New ideas for network-wide management and operations 6-1. Information management and the public interest 6-2. Appropriate use of ITS,41,TCs of ST1 and Former ST4,42,Major feature of ST1 and TOR of TCs,3 issues were identified for each TC,Each issue was structured to correspond with TOR,Clear definition of Issues, Strategies and Outcomes,43,TC1.1 Road System Economics,44,Issue 1.1.1 Road System Economics within an integrated transport system Issue 1.1.2 Effects of road pricing on the socioeconomy Issue 1.1.3 Road project evaluation framework,Issue 1.1.1 - Road system economics within an integrated transport system,45,TC1.1,Issue 1.1.2 - Effects of road pricing on the Socioeconomy,46,TC1.1,Issue 1.1.3 - Road project evaluation framework,- that cover the various aspects of the project process, and - fully capture the diversity of road benefits and take into account regional characteristics and social development needs,47,TC1.1,TC1.2 Financing Road System Investment,48,Issue 1.2.1 Exploration of financial procurement strategies Issue 1.2.2 Cost management for long-term investment Issue 1.2.3 Public Private Partnerships for roads and road transport administration,Issue 1.2.1 - Exploration of financial procurement strategies,49,TC1.2,Issue 1.2.2 - Cost management for long-term investment,50,TC1.2,Issue 1.2.3 - Public Private Partnerships for roads and road transport administration,51,TC1.2,52,Issue 1.3.1 Governance and Structure of Road Administrations Issue 1.3.2 Development of Human Resources Skills Issue 1.3.3 Application of performance indicators of the road system,Issue 1.3.1 - Governance and Structure of Road Administrations,53,TC1.3,Issue 1.3.2 -Development of Human Resources Skills,54,TC1.3,Issue 1.3.3 - Application of performance indicators of the road system,- how indicators match daily needs - means for data management - assess the level of achievement,55,TC1.3,TC1.4 Management of Network Operation,56,Issue 1.4.1 New ideas for wide Network Operations Issue 1.4.2 Information Management and Public Interests Issue 1.4.3 Appropriate Use of ITS for an Integrated Transport Syst

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