2018_2019學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Unit15LearningSectionⅢUnderstanding教案（含解析）北師大版.docx

Section Understanding.根據(jù)英文釋義及首字母提示寫(xiě)出單詞1acquireto gain knowledge or learn a skill2religion the belief in the existence of a god or gods 3ignore to behave as if you had not heard or seen someone or something4urge to strongly suggest that someone do some thing5inspire to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do something6assume to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof.按要求寫(xiě)出單詞1think(名詞)thought2worth(形容詞)worthy3defend(名詞)defence4willing(反義詞)unwilling5convention(形容詞)conventional6benefit(形容詞)beneficial7adapt(名詞)adaption8appreciate(名詞)appreciation.補(bǔ)全短語(yǔ)1to start with首先2go against 反對(duì)3tend to 經(jīng)常做，傾向于4(be) based on 基于，在的基礎(chǔ)上5put forward 提出6in other words 換句話說(shuō)7be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于8come to ones defence 為某人辯護(hù)9make assumptions about 對(duì)作出假設(shè)10approve of 贊成，同意11be vital to 對(duì)重要12be beneficial to 對(duì)有益1.people like Galileo Galilei (15641642), who proved scientific ideas such as “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.像伽利略伽利雷(15641642)這樣證明了諸如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)的人常常被教會(huì)懲罰，而沒(méi)有人來(lái)保護(hù)他們。句式分析“with no one coming .”為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。佳句賞析有向?qū)б?，我們毫不費(fèi)勁就找到了他的家。We had no trouble finding his house with the guide leading the way.2It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384322 BC)人們?cè)敢庀嘈胚@些古老的觀點(diǎn)也不奇怪，因?yàn)檫@些觀點(diǎn)是偉大的哲學(xué)家亞里士多德(384322 BC)提出來(lái)的。句式分析it是形式主語(yǔ)，that從句是真正的主語(yǔ)；as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。佳句賞析這次考試他得第一名并不奇怪，因?yàn)樗斆饔趾脤W(xué)。It is not surprising that he took first place in this exam as he studies hard as well as clever.3These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world.這些人懂得，知識(shí)和理解是要為之奮斗的事情，有些人(甚至)可能認(rèn)為，對(duì)個(gè)人或人類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)，它們比世界上所有的金錢(qián)更重要、更有益。句式分析本句為主從復(fù)合句，these men knew為主句，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；some might say為插入語(yǔ)。Learning constantly is very important for our life, but which do you think is better, trying to keep everything in mind or to understand them? And why?I_think_understanding_is_better_for_learning._Because_everything_is_changing,_there_is_too_much_information_for_us_to_memorize,_and_when_you_understand_it,_it_can_be_better_memorized._And_also,_as_we_get_older,_our_memory_is_getting_worse_and_worse,_but_our_understanding_is_stronger,_so_understanding_it_is_available._But_of_course,_memory_is_also_important._Without_a_good_memory,_we_can_not_learn_well.FastreadingDo the true or false questions according to the text.1People are used to turning to the Internet for help when they have questions nowadays.(T)2Most people in Bacons time were interested in the search for knowledge as Bacon.(F)3People believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe until Galilei proved Aristotle wrong.(F)4Galilei proved that the Earth wasnt the centre of the universe, but he also made a mistake.(T)5We would get all the knowledge about the world since men never stop thinking and researching.(F).CarefulreadingRead the text carefully and then fill in the chart with the information in the text.UnderstandingHow did people think in Bacons Time？eople believed more in religion than in facts.Those who proved scientific ideas were often punished by the church and no one came to defend them. People were unwilling to challenge what they had always believed and tended to make assumptions about the world on the basis of others experience.How did people acquire knowledge nowadays？We are accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and expecting the Internet to spit out the answers.How do scientists acquire knowledge and understanding？To start with, they need questions.hen, they consider possible answers.After that, they test each to find the right ones.ConclusionsNo matter how great a scientist or a philosopher is, he can occasionally make mistakes.Our understanding of the world is constantly growing and changing and we need to step out of the conventional thought in order to explore the kingdom of knowledge.考點(diǎn)1acquire vt.獲得；取得；學(xué)到；養(yǎng)成(習(xí)慣等) 教材原句It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.我們?cè)鯓荧@得知識(shí)和理解現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)好像顯而易見(jiàn)了。acquire knowledge/experience獲得知識(shí)/經(jīng)驗(yàn)acquire a good knowledge of 學(xué)會(huì)，精通acquire a habit of 養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣acquire a taste for 開(kāi)始喜歡(2015重慶高考寫(xiě)作)Meanwhile, they exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they probably acquire more knowledge.與此同時(shí)，他們彼此交流思想和感情，這樣他們可能獲得更多的知識(shí)。Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of rammar can you write correctly.只有當(dāng)你掌握了完善的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，你才能正確地寫(xiě)作He has acquired a taste for brandy at that time.他在那個(gè)時(shí)候養(yǎng)成了喝白蘭地的嗜好。We should try to acquire a good habit of taking notes.我們應(yīng)該努力養(yǎng)成做筆記的好習(xí)慣。完成句子我們應(yīng)努力養(yǎng)成定期鍛煉身體的好習(xí)慣。We should try to acquire_a_good_habit_of_taking_exercise regularly.他的品格使他得到好名聲。His character acquired_him_a_good_reputation.在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)期間，這個(gè)年輕人開(kāi)始喜歡上西方藝術(shù)。While studying abroad, the young man acquired_a_taste_for_Western_art.在英國(guó)期間他學(xué)會(huì)了英語(yǔ)。He acquired_a_knowledge_of_English when he was in England.考點(diǎn)2be accustomed to習(xí)慣于教材原句Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us .雖然今天我們更習(xí)慣于在一個(gè)搜索引擎里打出幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，然后等待互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為我們顯示答案(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表示狀態(tài))get/become/grow accustomed to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表示動(dòng)作)be/get/become used to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事(2)accustom vt. 使習(xí)慣于accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己習(xí)慣于(做)某事It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations.我花了一段時(shí)間才逐漸適應(yīng)了所有新的規(guī)章制度。I didnt get used to the climate here a year ago, but now Ive been used to.一年前我還不習(xí)慣這里的氣候，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了。He quickly got/became accustomed to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college.他很快適應(yīng)了大學(xué)里的濃厚的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍和豐富多彩的活動(dòng)。1單句語(yǔ)法填空He gets accustomed to the noise, because he lives right in the center of the city.As we all know, English people are accustomed/used to driving (drive) on the left.He quickly accustomed himself (he) to this new way of life.Accustomed (accustom) to climbing the steep mountain, he had no difficulty reaching the top.2句型轉(zhuǎn)換He was accustomed to the custom and didnt want to change it.Accustomed to the custom, he didnt want to change it.Accustoming himself to the custom, he didnt want to change it.考點(diǎn)3tend to經(jīng)常做；傾向于；照顧，護(hù)理教材原句The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.教會(huì)和許多人經(jīng)常忽視事實(shí)，不愿意去挑戰(zhàn)他們一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。(1)tend to do sth.經(jīng)常做某事；有做的傾向tend to/towards sth. 趨向，傾向于tend (to) sb. 照料，照看，護(hù)理某人(2)tendency n. 傾向，趨勢(shì)have a tendency to do sth.傾向于做某事I tend to your opinion to a certain extent.一定程度上我傾向于贊成你的觀點(diǎn)。She spends her spare time tending (to) her old mother.她的業(yè)余時(shí)間都花在照顧她年邁的母親上。I have a tendency to talk too much when Im nervous.我緊張時(shí)總愛(ài)嘮叨。The nurse skillfully tended to the injured soldiers.護(hù)士熟練地照顧受傷的士兵。1單句語(yǔ)法填空There is a growing tendency (tend) for people to work at homes instead of in offices.He tends to_get (get) angry when others disagree with him.Personally, I tend to/towards the second camp of thought.He has a tendency to forget things.2句型轉(zhuǎn)換We modern people tend to see the weather as mere physical phenomena.We modern people have a tendency to see the weather as mere physical phenomena.考點(diǎn)4approve of贊成，贊許教材原句At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison.起初，人們贊同他的研究并鼓勵(lì)他繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，但是當(dāng)他證實(shí)亞里士多德的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候，人們就生氣了，把他關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。(1)approve vt.批準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)vi. 贊成(2)approval n. 批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可，贊同give ones approval to 批準(zhǔn)with/without approval of 經(jīng)/未經(jīng)的批準(zhǔn)I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please dont neglect your studies.我同意你去掙一些錢(qián)，可是不要耽誤學(xué)習(xí)。If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect.要是委員會(huì)能批準(zhǔn)那些規(guī)章制度并使之生效就好了。He decided to go abroad for further study with the approval (approve) of his parents.經(jīng)父母同意他決定出國(guó)深造。Its reported that the government has given approval to the project.據(jù)報(bào)道政府已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)了那項(xiàng)工程。1單句語(yǔ)法填空She doesnt approve of my leaving school this year.I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval (approve)She went to the evening party without her parents approval.I wont approve of your leaving (leave) here.2一句多譯她不同意女兒晚上出去。She_didnt_approve_of_her_daughter_going_out_at_night.(approve)She_didnt_gave_her_approval_to_her_daughter_going_out_at_night.(approval)考點(diǎn)5urge v力勸，催促；強(qiáng)烈要求I urge all of us to do something to help save endangered animals.我強(qiáng)烈要求我們大家采取措施拯救瀕危動(dòng)物。urge that . (should) do . 力勸某人應(yīng)做urge sb. to do sth. urge sb. into doing sth. 力勸某人做某事urge sb. on to do sth. 驅(qū)策/鼓勵(lì)某人做某事He urged me to go there, but I refused.He urged me into going (go) there, but I refused.他力勸我去那里，但我拒絕了。The teacher urged us on to struggle against difficulties.老師鼓勵(lì)我們起來(lái)與困難作斗爭(zhēng)。The public urged that the government (should) take measures to prevent such cases from happening again.公眾強(qiáng)烈要求政府采取措施來(lái)防止此類(lèi)案件的再次發(fā)生。語(yǔ)境串記An urgent bell rang, which urged us to get up quickly. We all knew a matter of urgency would happen.緊急的鈴聲響起，催促我們快起床。我們知道緊急情況就要發(fā)生了。1單句語(yǔ)法填空They urged that the Science Museum (should)_be_kept (keep) open during the vacation.With the final exam drawing near, our teacher urges us to_study (study) hard.I cant go out with you tonight because I have an urgent (urge) thing to attend to.The urgency (urge) of finding a cure attracted some of the best minds in medical science.The vacation is drawing near and I have an urge to_travel (travel)2一句多譯家長(zhǎng)們應(yīng)該積極鼓勵(lì)孩子們充分利用機(jī)會(huì)加入運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)。Parents should actively urge_their_children_to_take_advantage_of the opportunity to join sports teams.(urge sb. to do sth.)Parents should actively urge_their_children_into_taking_advantage_of the opportunity to join sports teams.(urge sb. into doing sth.)Parents should actively urge_that_their_children_(should)_take_advantage_of the opportunity to join sports teams.(urge that .)考點(diǎn)6inspire v鼓舞，鼓勵(lì)教材原句But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times.但是即使是亞里士多德這樣一位鼓舞了許多后繼的科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家的偉大人物，有時(shí)也會(huì)出錯(cuò)的。inspire sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事inspire sb. with sth. inspire sth. in sb. 激發(fā)某人某物I hope this success will inspire you to make greater efforts.我希望這次成功能激勵(lì)你更加努力。The good news inspired us with pride and courage.The good news inspired pride and courage in us.這一好消息激發(fā)了我們的自豪感和勇氣。(2017北京高考改編)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪杏龅降男?wèn)題可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感來(lái)源。語(yǔ)境串記I was inspired with your inspiring remarks, which brought me a creative inspiration.你鼓舞人心的評(píng)論激勵(lì)著我，給我?guī)?lái)了創(chuàng)作的靈感。1單句語(yǔ)法填空Our English teacher always inspires us to_give (give) our opinions actively in class.It was while he was visiting his uncle in a mountain village that he got the inspiration (inspire) for his new novel.The lecture was so inspiring that they were all inspired.(inspire)Inspired (inspire) by the speech, the little girl made up her mind to work even harder.2一句多譯他的一番鼓舞人心的話激起了我的信心。His encouraging remarks inspired_confidence_in_me. His encouraging remarks inspired_me_with_confidence.考點(diǎn)7assume vt.假定，假設(shè)；認(rèn)為教材原句Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth?為什么亞里士多德認(rèn)為太陽(yáng)繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)？(1)assumen./pron.to be認(rèn)為是assume(that) . 認(rèn)為It is assumed that . 被認(rèn)為(2)assumption n. 假定，假設(shè)make an assumption 認(rèn)為，假定on the assumption that . 假定，以的設(shè)想為依據(jù)(3)assuming (that) . 假定We must assume him to_be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.尚未證實(shí)他有罪，我們就得假定他是清白的。On the assumption that everything is prepared, we can finish the task in 3 days.假定一切準(zhǔn)備好了，我們可以在3天內(nèi)完成任務(wù)。Assuming that you are right, what should we do next?假定你是對(duì)的，我們下一步該怎么做？名師指津在英語(yǔ)中，有些看上去是現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞的詞，實(shí)際上卻常用作介詞或連詞。與assuming類(lèi)似的詞還有：(1)considering prep.& conj.鑒于，考慮到(2)given prep.鑒于，考慮到(3)including prep.包括，包含(4)supposing conj.假設(shè)，假如(5)provided/providing conj.假如，如果(6)concerning prep.關(guān)于1單句語(yǔ)法填空It is generally assumed (assume) that hard work leads to great success.People make a lot of assumptions (assume) about her family background.Assuming (assume) that the advice is accepted, when are we going to get the money?2完成句子/句式升級(jí)假定你在第一輪比賽中打不贏他，你將怎么辦呢？What will you do on_the_assumption_that you cant beat him in the first round of the match?一般認(rèn)為，緊張是工作過(guò)多所致。It_is_generally_assumed_that stress is caused by too much work.很多人認(rèn)為，貧窮只存在于第三世界。A lot of people make_an_assumption_that poverty only exists in the Third World.People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.It_is_assumed_that_what_they_do_has_little_effect_on_the_environment.(用it作形式主語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)句子)It_