語法名詞性從句用MicrosoftPowerPoint演示文稿.ppt

名詞性從句,在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。,什么是名詞性從句?,名詞性從句,主語從句 ( The Subject Clause),賓語從句 ( The Object Clause),表語從句 ( The Predicative Clause),同位語從句 ( The Appositive Clause),請判斷出下列的句子哪部分是從句, 并判斷屬于哪種從句:,1. What I want to do is taking a bath. 2. The news that they won the game spread the whole school. 3. I dont think (that) he is an honest boy. 4. The fact is that he stole the car. 5. Do you know the fact that he stole the car? 6. Do you know the man who is standing over there? 7. It is said that they won the game.,(主從),(同位語從句),(賓從),(表從),(同位語從句),(定從),(主從),名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞通常有： 1. 連接代詞that, whether, if. what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which whichever whomever 2. 連接副詞when, where, how, why whenever wherever however ,She said (that) she is going to learn English. I want to know whether/if she still lives there. I dont know who all these people are. She wants to know which film I like best. Please tell me where she lives. I am not interested in what he is doing. I am afraid he wont come on time.,賓語從句,在句中充當(dāng)及物動詞, 介詞或某些形容詞賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。,用合適的連接詞填空,1. Wang Hai told me _ he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon.（how, why） 2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom） 3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if） 4. He always thinks _ he can do it better.（how, who） 5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）,why,who,that,how,how soon,賓語從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移,我認(rèn)為他不會來這里.,I think he wont come here. ( ) I dont think he will come here. ( ),注意：如果賓語從句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)候，要將從句中的否定形式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。,我認(rèn)為他不會對我撒謊的. I dont think he will lie to me. 我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該借錢給他. I dont think we should lend him money.,賓語從句中用it作形式賓語,We think it our duty that we should help others. I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.,注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，一般用it來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補(bǔ)后面。that不能省.,believe, consider, feel, find, make, think,賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序,Could you tell me if it _ tomorrow? A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain 2. The teacher told his students the sun_ in the east. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. risen,3. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris,4. Could you tell me _? A. where is the nearest railway station B. where the nearest railway station was C. where the nearest railway station is D. where was the nearest railway station,5. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives,6. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought,7. Can you tell me _? A. whats the matter with him B. what the matter with him is C. what happened with him D. what with him happened,賓語從句中謂語用should do的情況: The general ordered that troops (should) set off at once. He suggested that we (should) all buy dictionaries. I insisted that he (should) apologize to me. recommend require advise demand,句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.（改為賓語從句） Please tell me _ _ _ _. 2. What does he do? Do you know? （改為賓語從句） Do you know _ he _? 3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. （改為賓語從句） He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.,when,the,train,arrives,what,does,if/whether,wanted,4. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. （改為賓語從句） I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai. 5. “Do you want to try something new?” Toms mother asked him. （同義句） Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try something new.,if/whether,was,if/whether,he,wanted,6. I think this is a good idea.（改為否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea. 7. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改為復(fù)合句） Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy. 8. I dont know how I can get to the hospital.（改為簡單句） I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.,dont,think,is,which,trousers,she,will,how,to,get,The problem lies in that the mist may become a thick fog. I didnt tell him anything except that I wasnt able to find my way back.,表語從句,在句中充當(dāng)表語的從句(即放在be動詞和系動詞后面)叫做表語從句。,我們的目的是他能認(rèn)識到錯(cuò)誤。,Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.,注意：引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞一般不省略。,問題是它是否值得做。,The question is whether it is worth doing.,注意：表語從句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”,試區(qū)分以下句子,Is this museum what you visited?,Is this the museum that you visited?,Is this museum the one that you visited?,注意：這種句子考試時(shí)一定要記住這句話：名詞前（尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前）一定要有限定詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子是屬于哪種從句再完成。,(表從),(定從),(定從),That house is _ the garden tools are stored. The reason why I dont want to go there is _ Ive just got a new job here. That was _ they had made the mistake. Everything in the room is _ it was ten years ago. The dream Jack has in mind is _ he will become a scientist in the future.,where,that,how/why,what,that,6. What we care about is _ it will be a fine day tomorrow. 7. That was _ they didnt pay much attention to the teacher in class. 8. My opinion is _ everyone of us takes out $5 for Janes birthday present. 9. The problem is _ we can be allowed to stay out at such a late hour. 10. Her explanation is _ she used to live in the country and she knows it better than us.,whether,why,that,whether,that,問題是誰能幫我學(xué)英語. 這就是她不愿意出國留學(xué)的原因. 那就是我要告訴你的. 問題是他是否會同意這個(gè)建議.,The question is who can help me with my English.,That is why she is unwilling to study abroad.,That is what I will tell you.,The question is whether he will agree with the suggestion.,在句中充當(dāng)主語的從句叫做主語從句。,他星期三來這里是肯定的。,he will come here on Wednesday is certain.,他星期三是否來這里還不肯定的。,he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.,That,主語從句,Whether,What he said is not true. Who broke the window has not been found out. How he escaped is still a mystery. Whom she borrowed money from still puzzled him.,注意：主語從句中 ，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù) 有時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù) What引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可根據(jù)表語決定 What he needs _ that book. What he needs_ some books. When and where to go_ been decided. When to go and where to go_ been decided.,is,are,hasnt,havent,Exercise 1 _ she said puzzled him. _ she said such a thing puzzled him. _ we should send to take part in the party is to be discussed. _ they dont want to drop the plan is clear. _ he finished the work in so short time remains a question. _ it is going to snow this evening is not certain.,What,Why,Whom/who,That,How,Whether,Exercise 2,_ (她離開他) cut him to the cut. _ (月球上沒有生命) is known to all. _ (我在會議上說的) must be kept secret. _ (是否這件事是真的) remains a question. _ (我們什么時(shí)候開會) is to be discussed.,That she left him,That there is no life on the moon,What I said at the meeting,Whether it is true,When we will have the meeting,That he cant attend the party is a pity. It is a pity that he cant attend the party. How much money is needed is hard to say. It is hard to say how much money is needed. That the moon moves around the earth is known to all. It is known to all that the moon moves around the earth.,it 做形式主語,It + be + 形容詞 that從句,It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that . 重要的是 It is obvious that 很明顯,It + be + -ed分詞 that從句,It is believed that 人們相信 It is known to us/all that . 眾所周知 It has been decided that 已經(jīng)決定,用it形式主語的that從句有以下四種不同的搭配：,It + be + 名詞 that從句,It is common knowledge that 是常識 It is a surprise that . 令人驚奇的是 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是,It + 不及物動詞 that從句,It appears that 似乎 It happens that . 碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起,Exercise 3,It is a wonder _ you werent injured. It is still unknown _ this took place. It makes no difference to me _ he is rich or poor. It is not yet decided _ is to take her place as secretary. It is said _ this plaza has 15 cinemas. It doesnt matter _ you are going to do it.,that,where/why/when,whether,who,that,whether,Exercise 4,你昨天錯(cuò)過了這部新的電影，真是太遺憾了。 他們將要在這里建一個(gè)新的醫(yī)院是真的嗎？ 據(jù)說我們清明節(jié)要放三天假。 4. 他是否掙很多很多錢對我來說并不重要。,It is a pity that you missed the new movie yesterday.,Is it true that they are going to set up a new hospital here?,It is said that well take three days off on Tomb Sweeping Day.,It isnt important to me whether he can make a lot of money.,同位語從句,在句中用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。同位語從句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有豐富內(nèi)涵的抽象的詞語后面，用來說明前面那個(gè)詞的具體內(nèi)容。一般說來，同位語從句都用that來作連接詞，而且不能省略。也可用how, when, where等。,他給了她一個(gè)承諾，他會在兩個(gè)月后回來。,He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.,試區(qū)分以下句子,Do you know the fact that he stole the car?,Do you know the fact that they were talking about?,注意：1. 如果是定語從句，它的從句肯定是不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當(dāng)成分的；而同位語從句中的that只起連接作用。 2. 定語從句是對先行詞起修飾作用，而同位語從句則解釋說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。,(同從),(定從),Tell the difference,1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.,3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.,同位語從句,定語從句,同位語從句,定語從句,表語從句,表語從句,The suggestion _is worth considering. 學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西的建議值得考慮。,that students should learn something practical,Dad made a promise _ _,that he would buy _,me CD player if I passed the English test.,爸爸承諾如果我通過英語考試就會給我買 一個(gè)CD機(jī)。,他建議我們走著去那兒是可以被接受的。(proposal) 很多老師都持有一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：青少年不應(yīng)該花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間上網(wǎng)。(hold a view) Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online. 你知道我們幾點(diǎn)開會嗎？(idea) 他借口說他的車壞在半路了。(make an excuse),His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.,Do you have any idea when we will have the meeting?,He made an excuse that his car broke down on the half way.,1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because 5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that 7. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon,C,D,C,A,B,D,B,單項(xiàng)填空,8. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break 9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what 10.- Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes 11. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if 12. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what,A,A,D,D,A,他是怎么成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ),你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？ Could you tell me where he lives? ( ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( ),F,T,T,F,名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納,一、名詞性從句的語序陳述語序,二、名詞性從句連接詞的選用,1.that 和what 的選用,that 和 what 都可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句。 但是，what除起連接作用外，還在名 詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可做從句的主 語、賓語、或表語。而that在名詞性從 句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用。,that / what,1._ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious. 3.The result is _ we won the game. 4.This is _ we want to know. 5.Is _ he told us true ? 6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 7. I have no doubt _ he will come. 8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon. 9._ has made China_ it is now?,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,what,what,whether 與 if 均為 “是否” 的意思。但在下列情況下，whether 不能被 if 所取代： 1.whether 引導(dǎo)主語從句（包括從句在句首的位置)不用if，如： Whether it is true remains a problem. Whether he will come, I am not sure. 2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句用whether，不用if，如： The question is whether you should accept it. 3.引導(dǎo)同位語從句用whether，不用if，如： The question whether hell attend the meeting is important. 4.whether可以引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的賓語，而if 則不能，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money.,2.whether與if的辨用,7. 用if會引起歧義時(shí)。 Please let me know if you like it. 該句有兩個(gè)意思：“請告訴我你是否喜歡”。 或“如果你喜歡,請告訴我。”用了whether就可以避免。,5. whether可以直接跟動詞不定式連用，而if 則不能，如： I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasnt decided whether to go or not. 6.whether or not 連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)不用if I dont know whether it is right or not.,引導(dǎo)動詞之后的賓語從句可用if 或者whether,Practice time,if / whether 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. Were worried about _ he is safe. 4. I dont know _ he is well or not. 5. I dont know _ or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon. 8. I dont know _ to go. 9._ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.,if / whether,Whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,whether,whether,If,3.其它連接代詞和副詞的連用,主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義,正確的 選擇who、which、when、where、why、 how 等連接詞，這些連接詞既具有疑問含義， 又起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。,我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動會還沒有決定。 _ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided. 我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。 I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday. 我不知道他長的什么樣子。 I have no idea _ he looks like. 這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。 This is _ I left my glasses.,When,who,what,where,that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中不做任何成分，也沒有具體的意義。其他連接詞在引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)都做相應(yīng)的成分并有具體的意思。,That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that we dont have enough money She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.,1.)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。,4. that不能省略的情況,2).It 做形式賓語的賓語從句：,I dont think it necessary that you should read English loudly.,3).并列賓語從句中，從第二個(gè)賓語從句開始都不可省略 He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone. 4).當(dāng)that賓語從句中狀語部分位于從句前部時(shí)， Tell him that if he comes tomorrow,please call me. 5).當(dāng)that 前有插入語時(shí) Tom didnt know,Im sure,that his sister was going to Japan.,6).當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不可省掉。 The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.,that/ (that),1.I dont think _ she is coming. 2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake. 3.The reason is _ he is careless . 4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us. 5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud. 6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,5.whatever/whoever 的功用： Whatever/whoever可引導(dǎo)主語，賓語，表語從句，并在從句中做主語，賓語，表語。這種用法中，whatever/whoever 不含疑問意義。Whatever=anything that; whoever=anyone who,1. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished. _ _ breaks the law is to be punished.,Anyone who,2. They will do whatever he wants them to do. They will do _ _he wants them to do.,anything that,疑問詞 + ever和no matter + 疑問詞的區(qū)別： 疑問詞 + ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的成分。 Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. 疑問詞 + ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如： Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, Whatever you do, you must do it well. no matter + 疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.,No matter+疑問詞可換成疑問詞+ever,三.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),1. 如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),從句謂語 可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時(shí)態(tài). a .他相信他的夢想總有一天會實(shí)現(xiàn)的. He believes _ . b .請告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么. Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this time yesterday,2. 如果主句謂語是過去時(shí),從句謂語動詞一般用過去的 某種時(shí)態(tài),但從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然規(guī) 律等時(shí)，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。 He told me _ . 他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。 He told me _. 老師告訴我們光是沿直線運(yùn)行的。 The teacher told us _,he was preparing for the examination,He had been away from his hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line.,五、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)和辨別,1.同位語從句的格式：n.+ 連接詞 + 從句 2.能接同位語從句的名詞有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等 3.連接詞通常是that,也可根據(jù)含義選用 whether, what, when, where 等來引導(dǎo)同位語從句。,1. I have no idea _ he comes from. 2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money. 3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4.I have no doubt _ he will win. 5. I have some doubt _ he will win.,that/ whether / where/ how,where,how,that,that,whether,同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別,1.定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的 具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用，而且 在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分，充當(dāng)從句的賓語成分 時(shí)可省略。,2.同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋和說明， 表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that 在同位語從句中不做任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體 含義,且不可省略.,1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. 2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.,同位語從句/定語從句,定,同,同,定,It 的用法： （形式主語） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 Its said/ reported that據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道 Its been announced/declared that已經(jīng)通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happens that顯然、明顯、 碰巧 Its no wonder that并不奇怪/無疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (眾所周知） / a common saying.（俗話說）,名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣,It is