GMAT數(shù)學(xué)詞匯精選.doc

GMAT數(shù)學(xué)詞匯精選A算術(shù)1.整數(shù)integer整數(shù)even偶數(shù)odd奇數(shù)divisor除數(shù)real number實(shí)數(shù)positive whole number正整數(shù)negative whole number負(fù)整數(shù)consecutive integer連續(xù)的整數(shù)quotient商multiple倍數(shù)remainder余數(shù)prime number質(zhì)數(shù)，素?cái)?shù)prime factor質(zhì)因子，質(zhì)因數(shù)composite number合數(shù)2.分?jǐn)?shù)common factor公因子reciprocal/inverse倒數(shù)mixed number帶分?jǐn)?shù)improper fraction假分?jǐn)?shù)proper fraction真分?jǐn)?shù)vulgar fraction/common fraction普通分?jǐn)?shù)simple fraction簡分?jǐn)?shù)complex fraction繁分?jǐn)?shù)3.小數(shù)decimal system十進(jìn)制digit位units digit個(gè)位數(shù)tens digit十位數(shù)tenths unit十分位3-digit number三位數(shù)decimal point小數(shù)點(diǎn)decimal fraction純小數(shù)infinite decimal無窮小數(shù)recurring decimal循環(huán)小數(shù)4.實(shí)數(shù)absolute value絕對值nonzero number非零數(shù)natural number自然數(shù)positive number正數(shù)negative number負(fù)數(shù)nonnegative非負(fù)的rational有理數(shù)irrational(number)無理數(shù)5.比例common ratio公比direct proportion正比percent百分比6.冪和根product乘積base/power底數(shù)/指數(shù)square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用對數(shù)radical sign/root sign根號cardinal基數(shù)ordinal序數(shù)7.集合subset子集union合集，并集intersection交集proper subset真子集solution set解集8.描述統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)average平均數(shù)median中數(shù)mode眾數(shù)（在一系列數(shù)中出現(xiàn)最多的數(shù)）arithmetic mean算術(shù)平均數(shù)weighted average加權(quán)平均數(shù)geometric mean幾何平均數(shù)maximum最大值minimum最小值range值域（一系列數(shù)中最大值減最小值）dispersion差量，離差standard deviation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方差distribution（頻數(shù)或頻率）分布frequency distribution頻數(shù)分布normal distribution正態(tài)分布9.計(jì)算方法factorial notation階乘permutations排列combination組合10.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算add/plus加subtract/minus減multiply/times乘divide除difference差sum和total1總數(shù)（用在加法中，相當(dāng)于+）；2總計(jì)（用于減法中，相當(dāng)于-）division1除；2部分divisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除數(shù)B代數(shù)式、方程及不等式coefficient系數(shù)numerical coefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)literal coefficient字母系數(shù)term項(xiàng)constant term常數(shù)項(xiàng)quadratic二次方程equivalent equation同解方程，等價(jià)方程linear equation線性方程solution（方程的）解inequality不等式expression表達(dá)式linear一次的，線性的factorization因數(shù)分解function函數(shù)trigonometric function三角函數(shù)inverse function反函數(shù)complementary function余函數(shù)variable變量domain域sequence數(shù)列arithmetic progression等差數(shù)列g(shù)eometric progression等比數(shù)列C幾何1.直線和垂線a line segment線段endpoint端點(diǎn)midpoint中點(diǎn)a right angle直角perpendicular垂線perpendicular lines垂直線perpendicular bisector垂直平分線parallel lines平行線bisect平分2.相交線和角vertical angle對頂角a straight line直線acute angle銳角obtuse angle鈍角vertex angle頂角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夾角alternate angle內(nèi)錯(cuò)角interior angle內(nèi)角central angle圓心角exterior angle外角supplementary angle補(bǔ)角complementary angle余角adjacent angle鄰角angle bisector角平分線diagonal對角線intersect相交3.四邊形和多邊形quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon七邊形octagon八邊形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形polygon多邊形multilateral多邊的parallelogram平行四邊形equilateral等邊形square正方形rectangle長方形regular polygon正多邊形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形congruent全等的4.三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形equilateral triangle等邊三角形scalene triangle不等邊三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle內(nèi)接三角形hypotenuse斜邊leg直角邊included side夾邊arm直角三角形的股median of a triangle三角形的中線opposite直角三角形中的對邊altitude（三角形的）高vertex頂點(diǎn)base底5.圓circle圓形semicircle半圓concentric circles同心圓cross section橫截面center of a circle圓心chord弦diameter直徑radius半徑circumference圓周長arc弧surface area表面積radian弧度（弧長/半徑）segment of a circle弧形point of tangency切點(diǎn)tangent正切inscribe內(nèi)切，內(nèi)接circumscribe外切，外接6.長方體和圓柱體edge邊vertex頂點(diǎn)cube立方體rectangular solid長方體length長width寬altitude高depth深度regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面體cylinder圓柱體cone圓錐sphere球體pyramid角錐volume體積dimension維數(shù)7.坐標(biāo)幾何coordinate plane坐標(biāo)平面abscissa橫坐標(biāo)ordinate縱坐標(biāo)number line數(shù)軸coordinate system坐標(biāo)系rectangular coordinate直角坐標(biāo)系x-axisX軸origin原點(diǎn)quadrant象限slope斜率intercept截距a unique solution惟一解no solution無解parabola拋物線E.句型The ratio of A to B is A比B(A/B)A is a divisor of BA是B的除數(shù)（約數(shù)）(B/A)A divided by BA/BA divided into BB/ATwice as many A as BA是B的兩倍A is 20% more than B(