身上癢癢預示十種病.doc

“癢”，每個人都經(jīng)歷過，有時它讓人笑，有時卻讓人欲哭無淚。100多年前，美國心理學家斯坦利霍爾和亞瑟阿林第一次給“癢”做了定義。癢可以分為兩種：一種是“高興的癢”，由對腳底、腋窩等敏感部位刺激產(chǎn)生，伴隨著止不住的大笑，父母與嬰兒初次建立親密關系，就是通過這種癢進行的；另一種則是“惱人的癢”，感覺是有小東西在皮膚上爬過，人們會忍不住通過抓撓來止癢，蚊蟲叮咬、皮膚干燥、真菌感染、心腦血管疾病等都會帶來這種癢。有研究指出，癢是比疼更讓人難以忍受的感覺。有時癢能持續(xù)幾個小時，讓人渾身不自在，甚至輾轉難眠。當“惱人的癢”頻繁造訪時，就是在給健康敲警鐘了?！鞍W癢病”困擾很多人據(jù)記者調查，有超過七成人在生活中出現(xiàn)過不明原因的皮膚癢，其中老年人皮膚癢更高達九成；有六成人表示“癢的不厲害就不會去管”，有三成人會“自己想辦法止癢”(如使用藥物)，僅一成人會在“皮膚癢后到醫(yī)院找出原因”；年輕白領因生活習慣、工作壓力等，皮膚問題的出現(xiàn)明顯呈上升趨勢；兒童因為大多無法正確表達，皮膚癢后很難找到原因。28歲的莫莉最近就老覺得身上莫名其妙的癢，皮膚發(fā)干，大腿、小腿等部位甚至出現(xiàn)干裂、疼痛的癥狀，常會被撓出抓痕。莫莉說，這種不明原因的“癢癢病”時而發(fā)作，時而消失，讓她很是苦惱。劉大媽更是深有感觸，“好多老年人都有身上癢的毛病，就像洗澡沒洗干凈似的，到了冬天尤其難受。”劉大媽說，大多數(shù)人都會忍著，也會一起交流止癢偏方。北京大學第一醫(yī)院皮膚科副主任醫(yī)師楊淑霞表示，入冬以來，因皮膚瘙癢而來院就診的患者絡繹不絕。“一些患者忍不住癢而不斷搔抓，皮膚上已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)抓痕、血痂、色素沉著等繼發(fā)損害。還有部分患者由于在面部、腋窩和大腿根等皮膚很薄的地方使用了激素類藥物，造成了皮膚萎縮、毛細血管擴張和繼發(fā)性感染等損壞?！笔澜缧l(wèi)生組織的一項調查顯示，在黃種人中，皮膚處于健康狀態(tài)的不到10%，處于病態(tài)的超過20%，處于亞健康狀態(tài)者高達70%。瘙癢感是80%的皮膚病患者在陳述自我感覺時，最先描述的感受?！皝磲t(yī)院尋求醫(yī)生幫助的畢竟是一少部分，很多人還是選擇忍，或者根本沒把癢當回事。”楊淑霞說。美國明尼蘇達大學神經(jīng)科學教授格倫吉斯勒說：“在專門研究了幾十年關于癢的課題后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)讓人們感覺到癢的原因至少有五十多種，最主要的可以歸納為以下幾個方面”。單純皮膚問題。“因為皮膚自身問題而感覺到癢有兩種情況?！备駛惣估照f。一種是沒有原發(fā)性的皮膚損傷，多半是由于皮膚缺少水分而引起的。就像現(xiàn)在處在干燥的冬季，很多人會覺得皮膚干癢、脫皮。另一種是皮膚本身就“病”了，皮炎、濕疹、牛皮癬等皮膚疾病大多都伴隨著瘙癢。中老年人皮膚退化。中老年人因為皮膚萎縮變薄，含水量降低，皮脂腺及汗腺分泌減少，使皮膚失去潤滑保護作用而顯得干燥。在寒冷的季節(jié)，干燥的氣候又使皮膚粗糙，甚至表皮脫落，使皮內(nèi)神經(jīng)末梢更容易受刺激而發(fā)癢。老年人身體癢多是這個原因。過敏。華中科技大學同濟醫(yī)學院附屬武漢同濟醫(yī)院變態(tài)反應科主任醫(yī)師劉光輝教授說：“臨床上來變態(tài)反應科就診的病人，1/3有皮膚癢的癥狀?！睂︼嬍?、花粉、塵螨等過敏，接觸某些化學制劑，都有可能引起過敏，從而使皮膚感覺到癢。這類癢，一般在停止接觸過敏原后就會好轉。婦科炎癥。女性如果發(fā)現(xiàn)外陰部瘙癢，要特別檢查是否有滴蟲、白色念珠菌感染等婦科炎癥。調查顯示，73%的女性在經(jīng)期會覺得局部皮膚瘙癢，可能與衛(wèi)生巾質量不佳或衣物過于緊身有關。情緒緊張。抑郁、緊張、煩躁等不良情緒都有可能造成局部或全身皮膚癢。B族維生素缺乏也容易引起皮膚瘙癢。肝膽疾病。北京中醫(yī)藥大學附屬東方醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科副主任醫(yī)師胡立明說：“許多系統(tǒng)性疾病也會引起皮膚瘙癢?！庇醒芯匡@示，大約有40%60%的肝膽疾病患者，在肝部不適、肝功能異常以及黃疸出現(xiàn)的時候就會出現(xiàn)皮膚瘙癢。糖尿病。糖尿病人皮膚瘙癢的發(fā)生率高達15%35%，約有10%的早期患者會出現(xiàn)全身性或局部性的皮膚瘙癢，而且比較頑固，外陰或肛門部癥狀最嚴重。甲狀腺功能異常。不管是甲狀腺功能亢進或減退，都可能出現(xiàn)皮膚癢的情況，但甲亢所致的瘙癢多發(fā)展緩慢，皮膚多干燥，在冬季會加重。惡性腫瘤。某些腫瘤發(fā)生時會伴有皮膚癢，如淋巴系統(tǒng)、胃、腸、肝、卵巢和前列腺癌等。這種由腫瘤引起的癢大多較頑固，如果你的身體出現(xiàn)長時間無原因的瘙癢就需要引起重視了。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)身上不明原因的癢，應該怎么做呢？劉光輝教授說，首先要辨別是否是接觸了某些過敏原而產(chǎn)生的過敏現(xiàn)象。其次應該去皮膚科排除皮膚本身的問題，看看皮膚是否本身就“病”了。最后，如果因其他疾病發(fā)生皮膚瘙癢，應該及時針對病根展開治療?！霸谂逶蛑埃欢ú灰^于頻繁地使用清潔性過強的堿性香皂，在醫(yī)生的指導下使用激素類藥物?！睏钍缦紡娬{。在秋冬季節(jié)，人們身體的癢更多是由于皮膚缺乏水分造成的，特別是中老年人。如果是輕微的癢，不妨試試這幾招：不必每天洗澡。在秋冬季節(jié)可以不必每天洗澡，特別是中老年人。洗澡水溫在40攝氏度左右即可，不宜過高。每次洗510分鐘就可以。最好選擇中性和弱酸性的沐浴液，甚至不使用沐浴液。先擦潤膚液再擦干身體。在浴后皮膚沒有干透的情況下擦潤膚液，能夠使水分和營養(yǎng)更充分地被吸收。養(yǎng)一缸金魚給房間補水。在身體允許的情況下將暖氣調低幾度，用加濕器或養(yǎng)一缸金魚來為房間補水，能減少因溫度過高、空氣干燥引發(fā)的皮膚瘙癢。選擇純棉的貼身衣物。柔軟、少刺激的衣服可以避免瘙癢進一步擴散，增加透氣性，與皮膚接觸后不會引起過敏。隔夜茶水有效止癢。用溫熱的隔夜茶洗頭或擦身，茶中所含有的氟可以迅速止癢，同時還能起到防治濕疹的功效。多吃潤肺生津的食物。冬季多喝水，多吃蔬菜水果和豆制品，能減少體內(nèi)水分流失。還可吃些潤肺生津的食物，如梨、百合、大棗、蓮子、銀耳等，不吃或少吃辛辣食物。富含維生素A、B族的食物也要多吃。The itch,everyone has experienced,it sometimesmakes people laugh,sometimes Iwant to cry but no tears.100 years ago,the United Statespsychologists Stanley Hall andArthur Alin for the first timeto theitchhas defined.Itchcan be divided intotwo kinds: one kind ishappyitch,produced bystimulation of thesoles of the feet,axillaryand other sensitive areas,withcant stoplaughing,parents andbabyfirstintimate relationships,isthroughthis itch;another is theannoyingitch,the feeling istheresmall thingsto climb overthe skin,peoplecan not help butby scratchingitching,mosquito bites,skin dry,fungal infection,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseaseswill bringthis itch. Research has pointed out,the itchisunbearablemorethanthe feeling of pain.Sometimesitchcan last for severalhours,let a personfeel uncomfortable,evensleepless nights.When theannoyingitchfrequentvisits,is givinghealthwarning. The itchdiseasebymany peopleAccording to press the investigation,there are more thansevenadulthadunexplaineditchingin life,theelderly skinitchis higher than nine;sixadultsaiditchnot fiercewill not go totube,there are threeadultwilldoitch(such asdrug use),only oneadultinitchy skinto thehospitalto find out why;youngwhite-collar workers because ofliving habits,work pressure,skin problemsis on the rise;childrenbecause most arenot correctly express,itchy skinis very difficult tofind the reason. The 28 year old Mollyrecentlyalwaysfeelbe rather bafflingitchy,dry skin,thigh,legand other partsappear evenchapped,pain symptoms,oftenfromscratchscratch.Molly said,theunexplaineditch diseaseandattack,then disappeared,so shewas very distressed.Aunt Liuhas deep feeling,a lot ofthe elderlyhasitchingproblems,liketake a showerno clean like,the winteris especially hard.Aunt Liusaid,most people wouldendure,also cancommunicate emedies.Department of Dermatology No.1 Hospital of Peking Universityof doctor of vice director ofYang Shuxia said,since the beginning of winter,in a continuous linefromskin itchingtohospitalpatients.Some patientscouldnt stopitchandscratching,scratches,blood scab,pigmentation and othersecondarydamage hasappeared in the skin.There are somepatients because oftheface,armpits andgroinskinthinlocalusehormone kind medicaments,causeskin atrophy,telangiectasiaand secondaryinfectiondamage.According to a survey bywho,inyellow,less than 10% ofthe skinin a healthy state,insickmore than 20%,in sub healthy stateof up to 70%.Itchingis the 80%skin disease patientsin the statement ofself perception,the first describedfeeling.Toseek medicalhelp hospitalis after alla small part,many people stillchoose to endure,orsimply not toitchseriously.Yang Shuxia said.The United StatesUniversity of Minnesotaneuroscienceprofessor Glenn Giesler said:in thespecial researchfor decadesaboutitchytask,we found thatlet people feel thatthere are at leastmore than 50 kinds ofitch,most can besummarized as the following aspects.Simpleskin problems.Becausethe skins ownproblemsandfeel the itchin two cases.Glenn Giesler said.Askininjuryisnotprimary,mostlydue tothe lack of skin moisture.Just asinthe dry winter,many peoplewill feeldry and itchy skin,peeling.Another kind is the disease,dermatitis,eczema,psoriasis and other skindiseasesareaccompanied byitching.Elderlyskindegradation.The elderlybecause ofatrophy of the skin,moisture content is reduced,the sebaceous glandsandsweat gland secretionreduced,make the skinlose lubricationprotectionisdry.In the cold season,the dry climateand make therough skin,evenskin off,make theskinnerve endingsmoreeasily irritated anditchy.Body itcholder peopleisthis reason.Allergy.Wuhan Tongji Hospital affiliated toTongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technologyallergy departmentchief physicianprofessor Liu Guanghui said:the clinicalupallergyclinicpatients,1/3skinitching.Allergic tofood,pollen,dust mites,exposure to certainchemicals,are likely to causeallergies,so that the skinfeelitchy.This kind of itch,generally in thestopafter exposure to an allergenwill improve.Inflammation of Department of gynaecology.If the femalevulvaitching,especially want tocheckwhether Trichomonas,Candida albicansinfectionof gynecological inflammation.Survey,73% of womenfeellocal skin itchingduring the menstrual period,andsanitary towelor clothingtoo tightonpoor quality.Emotional tension.Depression,nervousness,irritability and other negative emotionsare likely tocause localor systemicskinitch.Vitamin Bdeficiencycan also cause skin itching.Hepatobiliary diseases.East Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese MedicineDepartment of internal medicinedeputy chief physicianHu Liming said:many systemic diseasescan also cause skin itching.Studies have shown,there are about 40%- 60% of thepatients with hepatobiliary diseaseinthe liver,discomfort,whenabnormal liver functionandjaundice appearswill appearitching of skin.Diabetes mellitus.Diabeticpatients with skin pruritusincidence rate reaches as high as 15%- 35%,about10%ofpatientswill appearitching,systemic or local,and morestubborn,the most serioussymptom ofvulva oranus.Abnormal thyroid function.Whetherthyroid functionAllpossible scenarios,itchy skin,butdue tothe slow development ofhyperthyroidismitching,skin isdry,in the winterwill increase.Malignant tumor.Some tumoroccursaccompanied byitchy skin,such as thelymphsystem,stomach,intestine,liver,ovarianand prostate cancer.Thiscaused by tumoritchmostlymore stubborn,ifyou havelong timenocauseitchingwould need to pay attention.If it is found that ,how should do?Professor Liu Guanghui said,first of all totell whether it isallergic phenomenonin contact withcertain allergensproduced.Secondly,shouldgo to the Department of dermatologyto excludethe skinitself,have a lookwhether the skinitselfdisease.Finally,if theskin itchingand other diseases occur,should be timelyfor the root cause ofstart treatment.In theknow reasonsbefore,must notbe too frequent use ofcleaningtoo strong alkaline soap,use ofhormone drugsunder the guidance of a doctor.Yang Shuxia stressed.In the fall and winter seasons,people bodyitchis moredue to the lack of skin moisturecaused,particularly in the elderly.If it is aslightitching,trythis recipe:Donttake a showerevery day.In the fall and winter seasonscan nottake a showerevery day,especiallyin the elderly.Take a showerwater temperature at 40degrees Celsiuscan be,should not be too high.Each wash for 5- 10minutes.The best choice ofneutraland weakly acid