牛津英語8B-復(fù)習(xí)講義.doc

南京學(xué)大教育教研中心Teaching and research Centre of Nanjing Xueda Education牛津英語8B Unit 1 復(fù)習(xí)講義一、重點(diǎn)詞匯1. used to do/be used to (doing) sth./get used to doing/be used to do基本含義用法辨析used to do “過去常常(做某事)”暗含現(xiàn)在已不再這樣了be/ get used to “習(xí)慣于(做某事)”后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞be used to do “被用來(做某事)”被動結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于be used for doing【小試牛刀】1. He _ get up at six in the morning.2. Im still not _ the weather here in Beijing-Yes, the weather can get really cold in Beijing.3. He _ go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, hesbarely(幾乎不) had a chance. He thinks hell never _ this busy lifestyle.2. a bit/a bit of/ a little基本含義用法辨析a bit “稍微，有點(diǎn)”作程度副詞,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、比較級notabit=notatall, 意為“毫不”;a bit of “有點(diǎn)兒”后接不可數(shù)名詞a little “稍微，有點(diǎn)”作程度副詞,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、比較級作形容詞, 后接不可數(shù)名詞notalittle=verymuch,意為“非?！薄拘≡嚺５丁?. Willyoupleaseturndowntheradio_?2. Ivegotonly _ moneywithmetoday.ImafraidIcanthelpyou.3. repair/mend/fix基本含義用法辨析repair “修理,修補(bǔ)”多用于修理物體較龐大、構(gòu)造較復(fù)雜而又損壞較嚴(yán)重的東西mend “修理,修補(bǔ)”一般指修理物體較小、結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單的日常用具、或縫補(bǔ)衣服等fix “修理,校準(zhǔn)”美式英語，相當(dāng)于repair【小試牛刀】1. He often_theradiojustforfun.2. Look! She_hershoes.3. -Haveyouhadyourwatch_? -Not yet.二、語法點(diǎn)撥現(xiàn)在完成時(1)1. 基本用法 現(xiàn)在完成時表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，常與just, already, yet, notyet, recently等狀語連用。 They have already cleaned the classroom. 他們已經(jīng)把教室打掃干凈。 現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。常與so far, in the past few days (years), during the last three years,以及for 和 since 引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。 The doctor has saved over two hundred peoples lives so far. 到目前為止，這位醫(yī)生已挽救了二百多人的生命。Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.過去幾年來，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 We have lived here since 1976. 自從1976以來，我們一直住在這兒。 They have waited for more than two hours. 他們已經(jīng)等了兩個多小時了。【注意】一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，側(cè)重的是現(xiàn)在。試比較：I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了，不涉及現(xiàn)在）I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2. 動詞構(gòu)成 have/has+過去分詞 過去分詞的變化規(guī)則 (1) 規(guī)則變化：在動詞原形后加ed構(gòu)成口訣：直接加，去e加，雙寫加，變著加(2) 不規(guī)則變化（見規(guī)則動詞表） 分類記憶：AAA型；AAB型；ABA型；ABB型；ABC型3. 句式變化【小試牛刀】 1.Theboy_(break)theglassyesterday. 2.Afterheturnedonthelight,he_(begin)todohishomework. 3.We_ (know)eachothersinceourboyhood. 4. -_you_(see)theEnglishfilmyet? -Yes.I_(see)itlastFriday. 5.Mr.Wang_(join)thePartyin1999.He_(be)aPartymemberforsevenyears.6.-Are you thirsty? -No I _ just _ (have) some orange.7. My father _ (read) the novel twice.8. I _ (buy) a book just now.9. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.10. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.三、交際用語談?wù)撋钪械淖兓?My hometown has changed a lot in/during/over the past (few) years.= Great changes have taken place in my hometown in/during/over the past (few) years.= There have been great changes in/to my hometown in/during/over the past (few) years. The government has turned the place into a park. Things have changed a lot over the years. The changes to have brought many advantages , but they have also caused many problems for people. We always walked to school together in the morning. Now I come to school by bus on my own.牛津英語8B Unit 1 短語匯總序號ChineseEnglish1做（某方面的）歷史課題do a history project (on )2在過去的100年當(dāng)中over the past/last 100 years（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時=during/in the past/last 100 years3不同時代的交通方式transport at different times4過去曾經(jīng)做某事used to do sth.5事實(shí)上in fact = actually 6從里搬出去move out of.7A娶了B或A嫁給了BA marry BA與B結(jié)婚了A and B get/be marriedA get/be married to B8變化很大change a lot/much9轉(zhuǎn)變成turn into10噪音污染noise pollution11起飛、脫下take off12在某些方面in some ways13感到有點(diǎn)孤獨(dú)feel a bit lonely = feel a little lonely14不時地；有時from time to time = sometimes=at times15對.很了解know very well16與某人進(jìn)行面談；采訪某人have an interview with sb.17看見某人干某事（過程）see sb. do sth. （感官動詞用法）看見某人正在干某事（動作）see sb. doing sth. （感官動詞用法）18糾正錯誤correct the mistakes19采取措施減少污染take action to reduce the pollution20聽說有關(guān).hear about聽說.hear of收到某人的來信hear from sb. = get/receive a letter from sb.21在過去in the past在現(xiàn)在；在目前at present = now22被使用；投入使用be in service = be in use23去度假go on holiday24不再（強(qiáng)調(diào)次數(shù)）no more = not any more25不再（強(qiáng)調(diào)時間）no longer = not any longer26獨(dú)自on ones own = alone = (all) by oneself27向某人求助ask sb. for help 28示范給某人看如何做某事show sb how to do sth.29有同感have the same feeling 30我得說這是我見過的最好的模型。I must say this is the best model I have ever seen.牛津英語8B Unit 1 基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練一、重點(diǎn)詞組1. 事實(shí)上_ 2. 結(jié)婚_3. 搬到_4. 搬出_ 5. 變化很大_ 6. 在過去_7. 偶爾 _ 8. 變成 _ 9. 高興_10. 噪音污染_ 11. 關(guān)閉_ 12. 起飛 _13. 在某些方面_ 14. 感到孤獨(dú)_ 15. 一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)_二、句型結(jié)構(gòu)1. We live together until 1960 when I got married.區(qū)分 until / notuntil1) 昨天我們等他一直等到九點(diǎn)鐘。We waited for them _ nine oclock.2）他們直到寫完作業(yè)才回家。They did _go home _ they finished their homework.2. I felt a bit lonely from time to time.區(qū)分 alone / lonely雖然爺爺一個人單獨(dú)居住，但他并不感到孤獨(dú)。My grandpa lives _, but he doesnt feel _.三、難點(diǎn)語法 現(xiàn)在完成時1) 含義：發(fā)生在過去的動作對目前產(chǎn)生了影響或結(jié)果。 動作從過去某個時刻開始發(fā)生并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。2) 構(gòu)成：主語 +_ +_+其他I have cleaned the bedroom.He has listened to music for an hour. 3) 過去分詞的構(gòu)成原形過去式 過去分詞原形過去式過去分詞beginbegan begunrodemarriedcheckwentlandedchangebought4) 常見的與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的副詞和短語already, yet, ever, never, just, recently, so far, since , for, over these years 選用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空 I have _ read the book, so I know nothing about it. Have you had lunch_? I have been here _ half an hour. Has she lived in Nanjing _she was born?5）完成下列各句 政府已經(jīng)把這個地方變成了一個公園。The government _the place into a park. 他們還沒有回來。They havent _. 你認(rèn)識她有多久啦？ How long _you _her? 媽媽已經(jīng)去圖書館了嗎？_mum _the library? 我從未去過扎龍自然保護(hù)去。 I have never _Zhalong Natural Reserve.牛津英語8B Unit 2 復(fù)習(xí)講義一、重點(diǎn)詞匯1. include/including基本含義用法辨析include “包括,包含”及物動詞，作謂語動詞，后接賓語including “包括,包含”介詞，一般用在逗號后面【小試牛刀】1. The price_ postage charges(郵費(fèi)). 2. The band played many songs, _ some of my favourites.2. such as/for example/like基本含義用法辨析such as “例如”一般用來列舉同類人或物中的幾個例子，后接名詞for example “例如”舉同類人或物中的一個為例，作插入語，可置于句首、句中或句末like “像”可與such as 轉(zhuǎn)換【小試牛刀】 1. He has been to many countries, _ America, Japan and Germany.2. There are many difficulties in our study(研究), _, we are lack of (缺乏)money.二、語法點(diǎn)撥現(xiàn)在完成時(2)1. 短暫性（瞬間）動詞 (1) 肯定句中，短暫性動詞不能和表示一段的時間狀語連用，例如：她買這輛車有一年了?！惧e誤】She has bought the car for a year.【正確】She has had the car for a year.他的父親離開中國已經(jīng)10年了?！惧e誤】His father has left China for 10 years.【正確】His father has been away from China for 10 years.這位男士自從1945年就入黨了。【錯誤】The man has joined the Party since 1945.【正確】The man has been a Party member since 1945.【注意】經(jīng)常這樣使用的瞬間動詞有：go, come, leave, borrow, join, die, lose, marry(結(jié)婚), begin, stop。當(dāng)這些動詞的完成時態(tài)需要與表示一段的時間狀語連用時，其通常變化形式為：have gone(left ) - have been awayhave bought(borrowed) - have had (kept)have come - have been herehave died - have been deadhave joined-have been a member of/have been inhave began(started) have been on重要句型： Its（has been）+ 一段時間 + since 從句。 我丟那輛車有三天了。 It is (has been)three days since I lost the bike (=I lost the bike three days ago.) 電影開演十分鐘了。It has been (is) ten minutes since the film began.(=The film began ten minutes ago.)(=The film has been on for 10 minutes.) 他們結(jié)婚二十年了。It has been 20 years since they were married.(=They got/were married 20 years ago.)(2) 否定句中，瞬間動詞可與for和since時間狀語連用。We havent seen each other for a long time. 我們有好長時間沒有見面了。The mother hasnt heard from her son for 3 months. 這位母親已有三個月沒收到她兒子的信了。2. have (has) been to 和have (has)gone 的區(qū)別have (has) been to “去過，到過”(人已離開那里)，經(jīng)常與ever, never, often, once, twice等用。have (has)gone to “去了”（人在途中或已在那里）。通常該句型只用于第三人稱。Have you ever been to Guilin? 你去過桂林嗎？She has been to America twice. 她去過美國兩次。His father has gone abroad. 他的父親出國了。The train has already gone.火車已經(jīng)開走了?！拘≡嚺５丁?1. I became a teacher in 2000.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2. The shop closed two hours ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)The shop _ _ _ for _ _.3. The meeting finished six hours ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.4. They married in 1990. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)They _ _ _since _.5. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to填空。 -Where is Jack? -He _ his country. John_England since he came back. How long_ have_ this village? The Smiths_ Beijing for years. -_you ever_America? -Yes, I_there many times.三、交際用語假日計(jì)劃 -Do you have any ideas about what to do for May Day holiday, Amy?-Yes, Im planning to travel around abroad. -Where do you want to go? -Singapore. -How long do you want to stay? - About five days.牛津英語8B Unit 2 短語匯總1 到作一次旅行g(shù)o on a trip to2 一定很有趣must be great fun3把帶在身邊bring sth with sb4旅游景點(diǎn)tourist attractions5 的象征a symbol of6去滑雪/遠(yuǎn)足go skiing/ hiking7看美麗的風(fēng)景see the beautiful view8玩得很高興have a fantastic time9整天the whole day10乘地鐵by underground11在入口處at the entrance12高速運(yùn)行move at high speed13對感興趣be interested in14不停地拍照cant stop taking photos15下午晚些時候later in the afternoon16一天中最精彩的部分the best part of the day17向揮手致意wave to 18一路上all the way19在結(jié)束時at the end of20在煙火映襯下看起來很閃亮look shiny and beautiful under the fireworks21一共，總計(jì)in all22排隊(duì)等候wait in line23一次有意義的經(jīng)歷a meaningful experience24一次真得令人高興的假日a really delightful holiday25全年all year around26依次/輪流做某事take turns to do sth27計(jì)劃出國旅游plan to travel abroad28希望做某事hope to do sth29 希望某人做某事wish sb to do sth30 飛往某地fly to 31 宜人的天氣pleasant weather32 名勝古跡places of interest33 三個半小時three and a half hours= three hours and a half34 鳥瞰香港的景色have a birds-eye view of Hongkong35 一座高樓聳立、夜晚燈光閃爍的現(xiàn)代化城市a modern city of tall buildings with lights shining in the evening36 文化中心cultural centre牛津英語8B Unit 2 基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練一、句型結(jié)構(gòu)1. The weather in Hong Kong is quite different from that in Beijing.香港的天氣與北京不同。在asas, not as/soas, the same as, be different from或形容詞、副詞的比較等級結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)主語為不可數(shù)名詞時，后者用that代替。當(dāng)主語是名詞復(fù)數(shù)時，后者用those代替。Usually the pollution in big cities is much more serious than that in the countries. 這家店的服裝比那家的貴。The _ in this shop _ more expensive than _ in that one.2. I was excited even though we had to wait for two hours.區(qū)分 be excited / be exciting All the people were _ when they heard the _ news.even though 即使即使天下雨,這些男孩子依然喜歡在操場上踢足球.The boys still like playing football on the playground _it rains.3. I couldnt stop taking photos.區(qū)分stop doing sth. / stop to do sth.1) 因?yàn)闀h開始了, 所以我們停止了談話. We stopped _ because the meeting began.2) 為什么不停下來休息一下呢? Why not stop _?二、中考真題1. Where is Jim? I want to play chess with him.He the computer room. You might find him there. A. has been to B. has gone to C. had been to D. had gone to2. has Liu Xiang taken part in world competitions?Ive no idea. Lets find it out on the Internet.A. How many times B. How long C. How soon D. How much3. My bike is missing. I cant find it anywhere. Im afraid you have to buy .A. it B. one C. any D. few4. I cant hear you (clear). Can you say it again?5. Where did you get the book?From the library. And I have it for two weeks. A. borrowed B. lent C. kept D. bought 6. The audience (拍手，鼓掌) their hands as the performers stepped on the stage.牛津英語8B Unit 3 復(fù)習(xí)講義一、重點(diǎn)詞匯1. asleep/sleepy/sleeping基本含義用法辨析asleep “睡著的”表語形容詞，不能用在名詞之前作定語sleepy “困倦的, 貪睡的”指人昏昏欲睡。既可作表語，又可作定語sleeping “睡著的”常作定語【小試牛刀】1. She was fast_. I couldnt wake her up2. Im_. I want to go to bed.3. Dont make any noise. There is a _ baby here.2. produce/make基本含義用法辨析produce “制造”可以是工業(yè)上的生產(chǎn)（通過制造而獲得的產(chǎn)品）, 也可以表示生產(chǎn)糧食蔬菜、通過種植而獲得的產(chǎn)品。主語可以是人，也可以是物make “生產(chǎn);制作”可以是工業(yè)上的生產(chǎn)，主語多為人【小試牛刀】 1. They _ wheat and rice.2. Thefactory _ cars.3. Hangzhon is famous for _ silk.二、語法點(diǎn)撥被動語態(tài)(1)語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示句子之中主語和謂語動詞的關(guān)系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。只有及物動詞才能用于被動語態(tài)。例如：Many people play football. （主動語態(tài)）Football is played by many people. （被動語態(tài)）(1) 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)是由“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成的，如果需強(qiáng)調(diào)動作或行為的發(fā)出者時，在其后接“by .”，意為“被”。這里be是助動詞，必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)相一致，并有時態(tài)的變化(be有時也可以使用get, become等詞來代替)。(2) 被動語態(tài)的句型肯定句：主語+be+過去分詞+(by.)否定句：主語+be not+過去分詞+(by.)一般疑問句：Be+主語+過去分詞+(by.)?特殊問句：疑問詞+be+過去分詞+(by.)?這里be決定了被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)，be后面的過去分詞沒有變化。(3) 被動語態(tài)的八種時態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時：am (is, are) + 過去分詞Football is played all over the world. 足球運(yùn)動遍及全世界。 一般過去時：was (were) + 過去分詞These new books were published last month. 這些新書是上個月剛出版的。 一般將來時：will be+過去分詞That film will be directed by Zhang Yimou. 那部電影將由張藝謀執(zhí)導(dǎo)。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am (is, are)+being+過去分詞A new free way from Beijing to Shanghai is being built now.一條從北京到上海的新的高速公路正在建設(shè)之中。 過去進(jìn)行時：was (were)+being+過去分詞The car wasnt being repaired by me then. 那時這輛車不是由我修的。 現(xiàn)在完成時：have (has) + been+過去分詞Has the bridge in Yangzhou been built? 揚(yáng)州的那座大橋建成了嗎? 過去完成時：had + been+過去分詞The bridge had been built by the end of 1998. 那座橋1998年年底以前就建好了。Supper had not been cooked when I got there last time. 上次我到那兒時，晚飯還沒有做。 過去將來時：would + be+過去分詞She told me that a new English teacher would be sent to our class in a week.她告訴我一周以后要給我們班派一位新的英語老師來。(4) 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)Bruce writes a letter every week.（主動語態(tài)）主語 謂語 賓語 狀語A letter is written by Bruce every week. （被動語態(tài)）主語 謂語 補(bǔ)語 狀語(5) 被動語態(tài)的基本用法 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)。Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustnt be taken away.閱覽室的雜志和報紙都不能帶走。 不知道或者沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)。The problem has to be dealt with right now. 這個問題必須馬上處理。一些結(jié)構(gòu)：It is believed that. 據(jù)信，大家相信It is known that. 眾所周知It is supposed that. 大家認(rèn)為It is suggested that. 據(jù)建議，有人建議It must be remembered that. 務(wù)必記住 It is reported that. 據(jù)報道例如：It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be 40. 據(jù)說明天的氣溫將要達(dá)到攝氏40度。三、交際用語1. 詢問對方是否介意Would you mind washing the dishes?Would you mind not playing games?2. 請求幫助 -Can you show me how to start this online tour of Australia, please? -Yes, of course. Do you know this programme can? Do you mind telling me how to?牛津英語8B Unit 3 短語匯總序號ChineseEnglish1我不知道。I have no idea. = I dont know.2的設(shè)計(jì)者the designer of.3查找/搜索信息search for information4通過收音機(jī)on/over the radio5編寫電腦程序write computer programs6反對/介意(某人)做某事mind (ones) doing sth.7發(fā)送和接電子郵件send and receive e-mails8面世、出來、(花)開放come out9電視的一部分part of a TV10在同時at the same time11打開/開閉(電器)turn on/off調(diào)高/調(diào)低(音量)turn up/down12主要人物(主角)main character13躺在草地上lie on the grass14入睡(無意識)fall asleep15做了個奇怪的夢have a strange dream16獲得足夠的分?jǐn)?shù)earn/get enough points17將帶到某地去carry off to some place18扮演角色play the role of19花費(fèi)某人時間做某事It take sb. some time to do sth.20通過測試你的英語知識by testing the knowledge of Englishif if 21發(fā)現(xiàn)是find sb/sth adj./n. (賓補(bǔ))22賣完/被賣完sell out /be sold out23涉及很多主題cover many topics24一套光盤a set of CD-ROMs25存儲信息store information26用來做某事use for doing sth. = use to do sth.被用來做某事be used for doing sth. =be used to do sth.習(xí)慣于做某事be used to doing sth.(過去)曾經(jīng)做某事used to do sth.28把.保存在硬盤上keep on the hard disk29出現(xiàn)在屏幕上appear on the screen30將A連接到B上connect A to B將A與B連接起來connect A with B31(游戲等)背景被設(shè)定在地球上be set on Earth32重新始啟動電腦restart the computer33總共10個問題a total of ten questions 34八小時內(nèi)環(huán)球(旅行)around the world in eight hours35用亮紫色被標(biāo)上記號be marked in bright purple36以.為開始start with = begin with37點(diǎn)擊圖標(biāo)click on the icon38雙擊自動運(yùn)行圖標(biāo)double click (on) the “auto-run” icon39感官動詞用法聽某人做某事listen to sb. do sth.聽某人正在做某事listen to sb. doing sth.40在思想里(在腦海里)in the mind41舉行一次作文比賽hold a writing competition 42計(jì)算機(jī)的不同用途different uses of computers牛津英語8B Unit 3 基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練一、重點(diǎn)詞組1. 問世_ 2. 用做標(biāo)記_3. 同時_ 4. 由設(shè)計(jì)_5. 的設(shè)計(jì)師_ 6. 被售完_7. 躺在草地上_ 8. 睡著 _9. 被寫在.上_ 10. 贏得一分_11. 掙到足夠的分?jǐn)?shù)_12. 帶領(lǐng)某人到某地 _13.過關(guān)_ 14. 在.方面的知識_二、句型結(jié)構(gòu)1. The questions get more difficult as you go to higher levels. 當(dāng)你到更高的級別，問題就更難了。as連詞，“當(dāng)時，隨著” The air will get fresher _ the mountain. （當(dāng)你到達(dá)山頂時）2. Many topics are covered in the course, including travel and hotels, food and drink