2013年職稱英語綜合a閱讀判斷.doc

第二部分 閱讀判斷 閱讀下面的短文。每篇短文后面都有7句話，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容判斷這些話是正確、錯誤，還是在短文中沒有提到。第一篇 Taking Pictures of the World Meet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since l978，and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the worldIn fact， Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasnt seen yet Belts photographs are well known for their beauty and high qualityThey also reflect very different cultures and regions of the worldBelt has photographed the ancient city of Petra，Jordan，as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in EnglandRecently，her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America Everywhere that Belt goes，she takes pictures of peopleBelt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language“The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into peoples lives”she has said“The camera is like a passport，and I am often overwhelmed by 1 how quickly people welcome me!” Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographerbut experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new peopleWhen people speak the same language， greetings and small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each otherWhen people dont speak the same language，a smile is very helpfulHaving something in common can also help break the ice 2For example，Belt has traveled with her two children，so when she takes pictures of children or their parents，they all have that family connection in commonEven bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photographyYou can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that cant afford to hire a professional photographerYou can also take a good，honest look at your best photographsIf youre a real photographer，your photos are good because of your personal and technical skillsBelt also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers Remember，the next time you look at a beautiful photograph，you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths BeltAnd the next time you meet a new person，dont be afraid to break the iceThe connection you make could be very rewarding詞匯：landscape /lndskeipn風(fēng)景，風(fēng)景畫rewardingriw：diaaj值得的，有益的，有報酬的privilegeprivilid/ n特權(quán)，優(yōu)惠nationality,nnltin國籍，民族think about考慮 overwhelm/,uvwelm/vt征服；使受不了，使不知所措注釋：1I am often overwhelmed by我常常被搞得不知所措。2Having something in common can also help break the ice彼此的共同點(diǎn)也有助于打開話題。練習(xí)：1Belt has never traveled to England ARight BWrong CNot mentioned2Belt has never traveled to Antarctica ARight BWrong CNot mentioned3Belt has worked for a number of magazines ARight BWrong CNot mentioned4Petra is a very old city in Jordan ARight BWrong CNot mentioned5Belt can only connect with English-speakers ARight BWrong CNOt mentioned6People can connect with each other in bad weather ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 7Volunteering is one way to begin a photography career ARight BWrong CNot mentioned答案與題解：1B在第二段第三行，作者提到貝爾特曾經(jīng)為英格蘭湖區(qū)的美景拍過照片，那她自然就去過英格蘭。因此，這一題題干的表述(貝爾特從沒去過英格蘭)明顯是錯誤的。2A第一段第三行說到南極洲是貝爾特唯一沒親眼見過的大洲，那么她必然沒去過南極洲。所以這一題題干的表述(貝爾特從沒去過南極洲)是正確的。3C第一段第一行提到貝爾特從l978年就開始為國家地理雜志工作，但是并無其他信息，所以我們無從得知在1978年之前，貝爾特是否還為其他雜志工作過。所以我們既沒法說貝爾特只為國家地理一家雜志工作過，也沒法說貝爾特在很多家雜志工作過。因而，我們無法在文中找到這一題題干所表述的信息(貝爾特在很多家雜志工作過)，答案只能是C。4A在第二段第二行，作者提到貝爾特曾經(jīng)在約旦的古城佩特拉進(jìn)行過拍攝，這迎合題干的表述(佩特拉是一座古老的約旦城市)。所以答案為A。5B在第三段第一行第二句話，作者提到：在語言不通的情況下，貝爾特找到了和不同年齡、不同民族的人溝通的方法。而題干中的表述(貝爾特只能和會說英語的人溝通)和文中的信息完全不符，所以答案為B。6A在第四段第七行，作者提到：一起體驗壞天氣可以幫助人們增進(jìn)相互間的交流。這和題干的表述(人們在壞天氣下可以相互溝通)基本一致，所以答案為A。7A第五段第一行提到貝爾特為希望從事攝影行業(yè)的人提供了一些建議：當(dāng)個志愿者為沒錢請專業(yè)攝影師的地方機(jī)構(gòu)拍攝照片。這和題干的表述(做一名志愿者是開始攝影生涯的一種方式)基本吻合，所以答案為A。第十二篇Starting a New Tradition Shantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New YorkOn a cold night in Decemberher family is standing around the kitchen table while she lights a candleThe table is decorated with baskets of fruits and vegetables and ears of corn for Shantelle and her two brothers “This candle represents umoja，an African word that means being together，”Shantelle says“Thats the most important thing for a family” Tonight is the first night of Kwanzaa，and Shantelle is spending the holiday with her family More than 5 million African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa every year from December 26 until January lIts a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africal Kwanzaa is very unusual because it was started by one manIn l966,an American named Maulana Karenga wanted a holiday for AfricanAmericans to honor their culture and traditionsSo he used words and customs from Africa to create a new celebrationHe took the name Kwanzaa from the words for “first fruits” in Swahili, an African languageAt first, a few American families had small celebrations at homeNow there are also Kwanzaa events in schools and public places，and Kwanzaa has spread to other countries like Canada and Jamaica The main symbol of Kwanzaa is a candleholder with seven candies, one for each of the principles of KwanzaaEach night，a family member lights one of the candles and talks about the idea it represents：being together，being yourself，helping each other，sharing，having a goal， creating，and believingThe candles are red，black，and green，the colors of KwanzaaThe parents also pour drinks to honor family members who have diedOn the last night of Kwanzaa，there is a big dinner with African food, and children receive small presents Today people can buy Kwanzaa greeting cards and special Kwanzaa clothesStores sell Kwanzaa candles and candleholdersSome people dont believe that Kwanzaa is a real holiday, because its so newBut other people say that customs and celebrations are always changing and that Kwanzaa shows what is important in peoples lives 2 Shantelle Davis says she likes Kwanzaa because its fun“But I also learn new things every year,” she says詞匯：ancestornsestn祖宗，祖先be decorated with由所裝飾 honornvt尊敬,使榮幸；n榮譽(yù),尊敬ears of corn玉米穗candleholderkndl,huldn燭臺注釋：1Its a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa這段時間里他們和家人待在一起緬懷他們的歷史和非洲的祖先。2shows what is important in peoples fives展現(xiàn)了人們生活中重要的東西。練習(xí)：1Kwanzaa is celebrated at the end of the year ARight BWrong CNot mentioned2Kwanzaa is a holiday for African-Americans. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned3Kwanzaa is a very old holiday ARight BWrong CNot mentioned4People in Africa celebrate Kwanzaa ARight BWrong CNot mentioned5People spend a lot of time with their families during Kwanzaa ARight BWrong CNot mentioned6Children receive presents at the end of Kwanzaa ARight BWrong CNot mentioned7Everyone thinks Kwanzaa is an important holiday ARight BWrong CNot mentioned答案與題解：1A在第三段第二行我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：超過500萬的非洲裔美國人每年從l2月26日到l月1日慶祝寬扎節(jié)。所以題干的表述(人們在年底慶祝寬扎節(jié))是正確的，答案為A。2A從第四段前四行所述的內(nèi)容中我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：為了向自己的文化和傳統(tǒng)致敬，l966年美國人馬拉那卡林加為非洲裔美國人創(chuàng)立了寬扎節(jié)。因此，題干的表述(寬扎節(jié)是為非洲裔美國人創(chuàng)立的節(jié)日)是正確的，答案為A。3B在第二題中我們知道寬扎節(jié)創(chuàng)立于1966年，并且文中第六段第三行也提到：一些人認(rèn)為寬扎節(jié)的歷史并不久遠(yuǎn)。所以，從以上兩點(diǎn)我們可以得出結(jié)論：題干的表述(寬扎節(jié)的歷史非常悠久)是錯誤的，答案為B。4C從整篇文章中我們知道寬扎節(jié)最初是為非洲裔美國人創(chuàng)立的,之后寬扎節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)又流傳到諸如加拿大、牙買加等其他國家(這一信息可以從第四段最后一行得到)。但是文中并未提及非洲人民是否也慶祝寬扎節(jié)，因此這一題的題干信息(非洲人民慶祝寬扎節(jié))并沒在文 中給出，答案為C。5A在第三段最后兩行中，作者提到：這段時間里非洲裔美國人和家人待在一起緬懷歷史和非洲的祖先。所以題干中的表述(寬扎節(jié)期間人民花很多時間和家人待在一起)是正確的，答案為A。6A在第五段最后兩行中，作者提到：在寬扎節(jié)的最后一夜會有一頓非洲風(fēng)味的大餐，并且孩子們會收到小禮物。所以，題干的表述(孩子們在寬扎節(jié)即將結(jié)束時收到禮物)是正確的，答案為A。7B 在第六段第二行末尾，作者提到：由于寬扎節(jié)的歷史并不久遠(yuǎn)，一些人認(rèn)為它并不是一個真正的節(jié)日。從這里我們可以看出題干的表述(每個人都認(rèn)為寬扎節(jié)是一個重要的節(jié)日)不正確，故答案為B。第三部分 概括大意第五篇 US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world lHealth and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC)this week at the United NationsThe Senate must still approve the treaty before the US call implement its provisions 2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly，including the United States，last yearCountries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies2 3 For instancecigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30of the front and back of every pack3The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places，and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programsIt also requires bans on tobacco advertising，though there are some exceptions for countries like the United Stateswhere the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban 4 The impact of the treaty could be hugeThe World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every yearIn the US alone，about 440，000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses；about one-third of all cancels in the US are caused by tobacco useIf current trends continueWHO estimatesby 2025 tobacco will kill l0 million people each year 5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effectSo far109 countries have signed it,and l2 have ratified it詞匯：ratifyrtifaivt批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可advertisingdvataizin做廣告，登廣告enactinktvt使(法案等)成為法律；通過(法案等)；頒布(法令等)prohibitprhibit/v禁止；不準(zhǔn)outrightaut-rait/aaj完全的，徹底的cessationseseinn停止，休止注釋：1The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world美國朝著批準(zhǔn)一項全球性煙草協(xié)議邁出了第一步。該協(xié)議有望在世界范圍內(nèi)控制使用煙草所產(chǎn)生的致命性影響。2Countries that ratify it would be required tO enact strict tobacco control policies批準(zhǔn)該協(xié)議的國家將被要求制定嚴(yán)格的煙草控制政策。3For instance，cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30of the front and back of every pack例如，在那些國家出售的香煙將必須在每包煙正反 面至少30的地方注明吸煙有害健康的警告。練習(xí)：1Paragraph l2Paragraph 23Paragraph 34Paragraph 4A What the FCTC DemandsB US Signing of the FCTCC Opposition to the FCTCD How the FCTC Came into BeingE What the FCTC Will Bring aboutF Ratification of the FCTC5Signing the FCTC is only the first step toward .6Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to，among other things， .7It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths .8Much more countries have signed the FCTC than those that .A Have ratified itB approving itC implement its provisionsD restrict smoking in public placesE caused by tobacco useD including higher tobacco taxes答案與題解：1B文章第一段主要講美國朝著批準(zhǔn)一項全球性煙草協(xié)議邁出了第一步，這一步指的就是美國本周在聯(lián)合國簽署了煙草控制框架性協(xié)議(FCTC)一事。2D文章第二段簡要介紹了煙草控制框架性協(xié)議的形成過程。3A文章第三段列舉了煙草控制框架性協(xié)議的一些具體要求。4E文章第四段通過列舉吸煙所造成的危害旨在說明實施煙草控制框架性協(xié)議將產(chǎn)生的影響。5B通過文章的第一句可知，簽署煙草控制框架性協(xié)議只是批準(zhǔn)該協(xié)議的第一步。6D文章第二段說，通過煙草控制框架性協(xié)議的國家必須實施嚴(yán)格的煙草控制措施，而文章的第三段便列舉了具體應(yīng)實施的措施，其中便包括限制在公共場所吸煙。7E文章第四段的第一句說，實施煙草控制框架性協(xié)議將產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。接下來便列舉了吸煙所造成的巨大危害。可見人們希望該協(xié)議的實施將大大減少吸煙所造成的危害，尤其是大量的死亡。8A從文章的第五段可知，簽署煙草控制框架性協(xié)議的國家的數(shù)量大大超過通過該協(xié)議的國 家的數(shù)量。第八篇 How We Form First Impression l We all have first impression of someone we just metBut why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her-aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits 2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the worldYour brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a persons eyes，ears，noseor mouth ale placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different1In fact， your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information-the sights and sounds of your worldThese incoming “signals” are compared against2 a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean” 3 If you see someone you know and like at school3,your brain says “familiar and safe.” If you see someone new, it says，“new-potentially threatening” .Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height，weight，dress，ethnicity，gestures，and tone of voice are all matched upThe more unfamiliar the characteristicsthe more your brain may say，“This is newI dont like this person”.0r else，“Im intrigued”. Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends；so your brain says：“I like this person”But these preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong44 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child)that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of othersRather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest, values，strengths，and true character-we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks 5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly likeIf we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the persons character, we use a different，more mature style of thinkingand the most complex areas of our cortex, Which allow us to be humane詞匯：traittreitn特點(diǎn)，特征，特性hosthustn一大群，許多simplisticsimplistikadj過分單純化的sensorysensriadj感官的，感覺的categorical, ktigarikladj絕對的cortex/k:teksn腦皮層jockdk/adj騙子ethnicityenistin種族特點(diǎn)geekgi:kn反常的人intrigueintrigv激起興趣stereotypesteriutaipV對產(chǎn)生成見；freakfri:kn怪人humanehjumeinadj有人情味的，人文的注釋：1Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a persons eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different從even開始到as different是個結(jié)果狀語從句，相當(dāng)于that even very minor，而 that是與主句中的so呼應(yīng)的。2