高考重點(diǎn)IT用法.doc

高考重點(diǎn)：It的用法以及含有it的句型 英語中it 一詞結(jié)構(gòu)看似簡單，但其詞義廣泛，使用范圍很廣，常令一些初學(xué)者感到頭痛。It用法及其句型和固定搭配，是英語語法的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，又是近幾年考試的熱點(diǎn),在高考中也是重現(xiàn)率較高的語言點(diǎn)，其考查方式多通過“單項(xiàng)填空”進(jìn)行，偶爾也出現(xiàn)在“短文改錯(cuò)”和“完形填空”中。因此在復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)給予足夠的重視。下面筆者就it的用法簡單歸納如下。一、 代替上文中提到過的人或事物。指代人時(shí)，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。1) Who is the baby? Its my teachers son2) Who is that gentleman? Its my friend TomHe(不可用It) wants to see you不定代詞one 指代前文提到的同類事物之一，而 it 特指上文中提到的同一事物。試對比：This pair of shoes is small. May I have another one？（泛指的另一雙）這又鞋子太小了，再拿一雙給我看看好嗎My pen is missing.Icantd find it.我的鋼筆丟了找不到了(it指my pen)二. it 作為無人稱動(dòng)詞的主語，表示天氣 ，時(shí)間，距離，環(huán)境情況等等。這時(shí)的it 不指某個(gè)具體的東西。沒有明確的含義。譯成漢語可不必譯出來。如1).Its half an hours walk from here to our school從這兒到我們學(xué)校是步行一個(gè)小時(shí)的路程2) Its nice and warm here這里非常暖和3) But its two oclock now, and its time for us to go to school兩點(diǎn)了該是上學(xué)的時(shí)間了4) Its quite close in the room . Lets open the window for a while。房間里太悶，把窗子打開一會(huì)兒吧。三.“It” 可以代替指示代記詞This ,that .例：-Whose dictionary is that ?-It is mine四,用作形式主語或形式賓語。1. 當(dāng)作主語的不定式、ing短語或從句太長時(shí)，往往用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語移至句末，以避免句子頭重腳輕。it作形式主語的常見句型：it替代動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的常見句型為:1) It is necessary /important /possible/easy.for sb to do.如:It is necessany to learn a foreign lanuage.學(xué)一門外語是有必要的。It is kind /foolish/polite/brave/carelessof sb to do.常用形容詞有:clever/wise/bright/silly/foolish/stupid/kind/cruel/right/wrong等如:It is kind of you to help me=You are kind to help me.:謝謝你幫助我.3)It is up to sb to do sth.該由某人做某事如:It is up to you to decide.由你來決定.4)It is (not)like sb to do sth.做某事是(不)是某人的行為.如:It was not like you to have said such rude words.說出這樣粗魯?shù)脑挷幌衲愕男袨?5)It is ones turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事.如;It is your turn to speak 輪到你發(fā)言了.6) It takes time to do sth .如:It took me an hour to finish reading the novel.讀完這本小說花了我一個(gè)小時(shí)It替代動(dòng)名詞作主語的常見句型：Its no good/use doing 如:Its no use / good crying over spilt milk覆水難收Its (well)worth (ones )while doing/to dosth.Its worth（your）while to learn english。學(xué)英語是值得的.It替代主語從句常見句型:1） It is a pity (a shame ,a fact ,a wonder ,a good thing ,good news etc)that例如：It is a shame that he didnt pass the exam.很遺憾他沒有通過考試。2） It is strange(natural surprising obvious true good wonderful possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,quite clear.certain ,etc) that 。例如：It was quite clear that they had no disire for peace.很清楚他們沒有和平的誠意。3） It seems (happened ,turned out, occurred to sb etc.)that例如：It seemed that things were not as they expected.看起來情況并不像他們所想象的那樣。4） It is said (reported ,decided ,expected ,arranged ,rumoured ,etc)that 例如：It is said that the tickets have been sold out .據(jù)說票已售完。5) It is time that 從句（謂語用過去時(shí)）It is time that he went to school.他本該去上學(xué)了.6)It seems/appears/sounds/looksas if.似乎/聽起來/看起來.It seems as if it is going to rain.仿佛要下雨了.2當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式、ing短語或從句，往往用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語移至句末，以使句子重心后移。Do you think it a good habit to read in bed?你認(rèn)為在床上看書的習(xí)慣嗎？We find it difficult to learn English well in such a short time我們認(rèn)為很難在這如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)好英語I will leave it to you to buy the ticket.我要把買票的事委托給你We think it no use crying over spilt milk我認(rèn)為木已成舟哭也沒用。You may depend on it that they will support you.你相信好了，他們會(huì)支持你的。They will answer for it that the computer is reliable.他們愿意保證這臺(tái)電腦是可靠的。We made it clear when and where we were going to have the meeting我們宣布了何時(shí)何地要舉行會(huì)議。I tookit for granted that you would stay with us .我信以為真你要和我們呆在一起.五.It用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：it沒有具體意義，可強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞外的成分。其基本句型為：It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+其它。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：主語是人，一般用who （也可用that ）.其他情況用that.。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語用主格；who或that后面的句子中謂語動(dòng)詞與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語在數(shù)和人稱上應(yīng)保持一致。例如：It is I who (that) am to blame應(yīng)付責(zé)任的是我。It was you who didnt keep your promise。是你不遵守諾言It was long overwork that made them get tired.長期超負(fù)荷的勞動(dòng)使他們疲被倦不堪。強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語：當(dāng)賓語是指人的名詞或代詞時(shí)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞用whom或that，其他情況用that。如：It is you that we have been wanting to visit.我們一直想去訪問的是你。強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語：被強(qiáng)調(diào)的狀語可以是時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語，原因狀語。強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞只用that例如：It was at that time that I thought of giring him a call.直到那時(shí)我才想起要給他一個(gè)電話。It was in the zoo that they saw the elephants.他們是在動(dòng)物園見的大象。在運(yùn)用it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1） 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的謂語is或was永遠(yuǎn)用單數(shù)，例如：It was yesterday that I met your father in the street2）不管被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是哪種狀語，只能用that連接，不得使用where、when等連詞。例如：It was in the street that I met your father yesterday3）被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為人時(shí)，可用who(主格)和whom(賓格)代替that，用that也行。例如：It was your father that/whom I met in the street yesterdayIt was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday4）強(qiáng)調(diào)句中 也要注意主謂一致、人稱一致和否定轉(zhuǎn)移的問題。例如：It is they who are our friends5）not untill句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式為It is/was not untill that 例如:It was not until ten oclock that we got home last night6)as since because 均可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,但是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中只可以強(qiáng)調(diào)because從句例如:It was because he was ill that he didnt come here.7)注意不要混淆強(qiáng)調(diào)句和其他從句。It is wasthat為強(qiáng)調(diào)句標(biāo)志，去掉后仍可組成一個(gè)完整的句子，只是沒被強(qiáng),調(diào),而其他從句一般不具備這一特征。比較：1) It was ten oclock when we got home last night我們昨晚到家時(shí)已十點(diǎn)了。2) It was at ten oclock that we got home last night我們昨晚是在十點(diǎn)到家的。3) It was not until ten oclock that we got home last night8)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句形式為: “Is/wasit+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who/whom+其它?其特殊疑問句形式為:Wh-疑問詞/How+is/was+it+that” +其它?what is it that you want to say ？who was it that came here this morning！六.It is /was /will be long /not long /many years/howrs/a fewminutes before表示 去.就 /才“或”不多久就例： It was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the Austrian soldiers from their homeland.It is since 從句意思是；“自從。以來已經(jīng)多久了”。如果since從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是短暫性動(dòng)詞，那么就表示該動(dòng)作的開始，如果從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示求態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，則指動(dòng)作或求態(tài)的結(jié)束。就學(xué)生而言：It is nearly 12 years since I became a stndent.就老師而言：It is nearly 12 years since I was a stndent.Its the first/second/third time that+主語+ have/has+done/been主語第幾次(it 也可換成this that today等)如:Its the first time that I have come here.我第一次到這兒.七、it 用于某些句語中，it 常用作某些動(dòng)詞的含糊賓語。例如：Thats it.對了.I cant help it.=It cant be helped.我無能為力.Its the