牛津小學英語語法.doc

牛津小學英語語法復習 一、時態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時 （1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或事情，通常用 “usually通常, often常常, every每, sometimes有時，always總是,”等詞。（2）基本結構：I / You / We / TheyHe / She / It 肯定句 動詞原形動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式 否定句 dont + 動原doesnt + 動原一般疑問句(Yes/No)Do ? Yes, I do.Does(動詞原形)?No,she doesnt.特殊疑問句What do ?How does she(動詞原形)?(3) 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式（同名詞單數(shù)變成復數(shù)方法相同）1一般情況+s如：walk-walks2.輔音字母+y結尾去y +iesfly-flies3.結尾是 s, x， sh, ch+eswatch-watches4.特殊的do-does ,have-has, go-goes2現(xiàn)在進行時,（1）表示正在發(fā)生的動作，通常用“now現(xiàn)在, look看，linsen聽”. （2）基本形式： be + 動詞ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.What are you doing? Is he reading? （3）動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式（動詞+ing）一般情況 +ing walkwalking結尾是不發(fā)音的 e-e + ingcomecoming重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫最后一個字母+ingrun-runningswim-swimming3. 一般過去時（1） 表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,通常用 “l(fā)ast 上一個, just now剛才, a moment ago剛才， yesterday昨天”等詞。（2） be 動詞的過去式: am/iswas arewere （3）過去式基本結構 肯定句（Positive）動詞過去式I went shopping last night. 否定句(Negative)Didnt + 動詞原形I didnt go shopping last night.一般疑問句(Yes/No)Did + 動詞原形?Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑問句(wh-)What did+ 動詞原形?What did you do last night?（4）詞過去式的變化：規(guī)則動詞的變化：一般動詞 +edplanted,watered,climbed以不發(fā)音的e結尾 +dliked輔音字母加y結尾-y+ iedstudystudied, cry- cried重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫最后一個字母+edstop stoppedplan - planned不規(guī)則動詞的變化：原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunranriderodecomecamedrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/ learntgetgotknowknew4一般將來時一般將來時表示將來打算做的事或將要發(fā)生的事情。常常與tomorrow, next Sunday等時間狀語連用。結構：be going to +動詞原形或will +動詞原形例如：Im going to visit my grandpa next week.二、人稱代詞主格I weyouhesheitthey賓格me usyouhimheritthem形容詞性物主代詞myouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyourshishersitstheris （注：介詞，動詞后面跟賓格。后面沒有名詞時用名詞性物主代詞。）三、可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式1.一般名詞： + s a book books2.輔音字母加y結尾： - y+ ies a storystories3.以s, x，sh, ch ，結尾： + es a glassglasses；a watch-watches4.以f或fe結尾： - f 或fe 變?yōu)?ves a knife knives a shelf-shelves5.特殊的名詞復數(shù)man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese四、不可數(shù)名詞(沒有復數(shù)形式) bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee 五、縮略形式 Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he is /he has(got) its = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not didnt=did not werent=were not wasnt=was not lets=let us Ill=I will六、a. an .the的用法1.單詞的第一讀音是輔音讀音：a book, a peach， a “U”單詞的第一個讀音是元音讀音：an egg， an hour， an “F” 2.the要注意的：球類前面不加the，樂器前面要加the，序數(shù)詞前面要加the。七、介詞 1表示方位：on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under 2表示時間： （1）at : 幾點前面用at如：at six oclock, 沒有day的節(jié)日前用at如 ：at Christmas, 固定詞組 at the weekends ，at night（2）on: 星期前用on 如：on Monday ，日期前用on 如：on the 15th of July 帶有Day的節(jié)日前用on 如： on National Day（3）in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用in：in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ，月份前用in ，如in December ，季節(jié)前用in ，如 winter八、基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞的方法 1. 直接在基數(shù)詞詞尾加上th。如：seventh第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三， 2.以y結尾的基數(shù)詞，變y為i，再加上eth。如：twentieth 第二十。3.不規(guī)則的。如：first 第一, second 第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。4.有兩個或以上單詞組成的基數(shù)詞只改最后一個單詞如twenty-first 第二十一。九、some /any的用法1.肯定句中用some：I have some toys in my bedroom.2.問句和否定句中用ang：Do you have any brothers or sisters? He hasnt got any pencils in his pencil-case.3.詢問想要什么時用some：Would you like some juice? Can I have some stamps? 十、 there be結構1.肯定句（有）： There is +單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞There are +復數(shù)注：遵循就近原則，看靠there be最近的2.一般疑問句（有嗎？）:Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there arent.3.否定句（沒有）： There isnt . There arent.4.there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。十一、祈使句Sit down pleaseDont sit down, please.Lets go to the park.（注：祈使句中動詞用原形）十二、(情態(tài))動詞can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用動詞原形。1. I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must go now.2. You should be quiet in the library.3. Youll be good friends.十三、形容詞和副詞的比較級一、形容詞的比較級1、兩個事物或人的比較用比較級，比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little 來修飾表示程度。2形容詞加er的規(guī)則：一般在詞尾加er ；以字母e 結尾，加r ；以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結尾，應雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er ；以“輔音字母+y”結尾，先把y變i，再加er 。3不規(guī)則形容詞比較級：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副詞的比較級1形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形，有形用be；有動用副，有副用動)在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后 副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后2副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同 (不規(guī)則變化：well-better, far-farther)十四、特殊疑問句 What (問什么事,什么物或什么工作) What are you doing？Im reading.What is that?Its a book.hat is she?(Whats her job?)Shes a nurse.What colour(問顏色)What colour is your coat?Its red.What time（時間）What time is it?Whats the time?Its seven.when(什么時候)When do you get up?I get up at six thirty.When is your birthday?Its on the 21st of December.Which（哪一個）Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?The yellow is mine. Who（誰）Who is the man with a big nose?Hes my uncle.Whose（誰的）Whose bag is it?Whose is this bag?Its his bag.Where（哪里）Where is my ball pen?Its under the book.Why（為什么）Why do you like summer?I like summer becauseHow