高一英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解和習(xí)題

考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) 定定 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 從從 句句 一 基本概念 一 基本概念 在復(fù)合句中 修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句 如 Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago 定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞 定語(yǔ)從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo) 關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之 間起連接作用 同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成幀 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有 that who whom whose which 關(guān)系副詞有 when where why 二 關(guān)系詞的用法 二 關(guān)系詞的用法 一 關(guān)系代詞的用法 一 關(guān)系代詞的用法 1 作主語(yǔ)用 who which 和 that 如 He is the man who that lives next door The train which that has just left is for Shenzhen 2 作賓語(yǔ)用 whom who which that 如 The man whom who that we have just seen is a famous writer Where is the book which that I bought last week 注 在非正式文體中 用于指人的關(guān)系代詞 who whom that 通?？梢允÷?但在正式文體中通常用 whom 不 可省略 用于指物的關(guān)系代詞 which 和 that 在非正式文體中也通常省略 但在正式文體中一般不省略 3 作定語(yǔ)用 whose 如 a He is the man whose car was stolen last week b It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time 注 whose 名詞中心詞 這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語(yǔ)從句中既能作主語(yǔ) 如上 a 句 又能作賓語(yǔ) 如上 b 句 whose 的 先行詞常用來(lái)指人 但有時(shí)也可以用來(lái)指具體事物或抽象概念 這時(shí)可以與 of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換 詞序是 名 詞 of which 如 They came to a house whose back wall had broken down the back wall of which He s written a book the name of which I ve completely forgotten whose name 4 作表語(yǔ)只用 that 它既可以指人 也可以指物 但時(shí)常省略 如 He is no longer the man that he used to be This is no longer the dirty place that it used to be 二 關(guān)系副詞的用法 二 關(guān)系副詞的用法 1 when 指時(shí)間 在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 它的先行詞通常有 time day morning night week year 等 如 I still remember the time when I first became a college student Do you know the date when Lincoln was born 注 when 時(shí)?？梢允÷?特別是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中 如 Each time he came he did his best to help us But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) 2 where 指地點(diǎn) 在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 它的先行詞通常有 place spot street house room city town country 等 如 This is the hotel where they are staying I forget the house where the Smiths lived 注 where 有時(shí)也可以省略 如 This is the place where we met yesterday 3 why 指原因或理由 它的先行詞只有 reason 如 That is the reason why he is leaving so soon 注 why 時(shí)常也可以省略 如 That is the real reason he did it 三三 使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn) 使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn) 1 這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞 which 結(jié)構(gòu) when on in at during which where in at on which why for which 如 I was in Beijing on the day when on which he arrived The office where in which he works is on the third floor This is the chief reason why for which we did it 2 當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的 time day 等和表地點(diǎn)的 place house 等時(shí) 一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu) 如果缺少主 語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí) 關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用 which 或 that 缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí) 才能用 when 或 where 試比較 I ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated I ll never forget the days which that we spent together last summer His father works in a factory where radio parts are made His father works in a factory which that makes radio parts 3 when 和 where 既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句 也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 而 why 只 能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句 三 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句三 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 1 限制性定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的情況 對(duì)先行詞起限定作用 與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切 不可用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi) 也不 可省略 否則全句意義就不完整 如 This is the telegram which he refers to Is there anything that I can do for you 2 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 沒(méi)有限定作用 它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散 因而不是關(guān)鍵性 的 如果省略 原句的意義仍然完整 這種從句在朗讀時(shí)要有停頓 在文字中通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi) 如 This note was left by Tom who was here a moment ago As a boy he was always making things most of which were electric 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有 who whom whose which when 和 where 不可以用 that 和 why 另外 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從意義上講 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句 在口語(yǔ)中使用并不普遍 在日常生活中 人們通常 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) 用并列句或簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)表達(dá) 如 I told the story to John who later did it to his brother I told the story to John and he later told it to his brother Yesterday I happened to see John who was eager to have a talk with you Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you 3 兩種定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)涵不同 限制性定語(yǔ)從句具有涉他性 而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句具有 唯一性 這在理解和翻 譯時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意 試比較 All the books there which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him His brother who is eighteen years old is a PLA man 只有一個(gè) His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old 不止一個(gè) 4 有時(shí) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞 而是整個(gè)主句或是主句中的一個(gè)部分 這時(shí)一般采用 which 或 as 來(lái)引導(dǎo) 如 He passed the exam which as he hoped he would 注 1 as 引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前 而 which 引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后 They are hollow which makes them very light As is known to all Taiwan is a part of China 2 從意義上講 which 指前面主句的內(nèi)容 而 as 指代的是作為一般人都知道的常 識(shí)性的東西 因此常譯成 就象 那樣 3 如果定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句的內(nèi)容起消極作用 則用 which 而不用 as 如 She stole her friend s money which was disgraceful He tore up my photo which upset me 5 在正式文體中 以 the way 為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常以 in which 或 that 引導(dǎo) 如 The way in which you answered the questions was admirable 但在非正式文體中 人們通常省略 in which 或 that The way in which he spoke to us was suspicious I don t like the way that you laugh at her 四 關(guān)系詞的選擇四 關(guān)系詞的選擇 1 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ) 只能用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ) 只能用 who 指人 指人 which 指物 關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ) 常用指物 關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ) 常用 whom 口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)用 口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)用 who 指人 指人 which 指物 它們都不能用指物 它們都不能用 that 代替 代替 2 關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ) 不論是在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 還是在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí) 只能用關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ) 不論是在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 還是在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí) 只能用 whom 指人 指人 which 指物 但如果介詞后置 則不受這種限制 關(guān)系代詞還可以省去 特別是在口語(yǔ)中 如指物 但如果介詞后置 則不受這種限制 關(guān)系代詞還可以省去 特別是在口語(yǔ)中 如 Do you know the boy to whom she was talking Do you know the boy that she was talking to The pencil which that he was writing with suddenly broke 3 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí) 關(guān)系詞可用在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí) 關(guān)系詞可用 which 或或 that 二者?？梢曰Q 但在下列情況中 二者?？梢曰Q 但在下列情況中 只能用只能用 that 不用 不用 which 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) 1 當(dāng)先行詞是 all a lot a little few much none anything something everything nothing 等詞時(shí) 如 All that can be done has been done In this factory I saw little much that was different from ours 2 當(dāng)先行詞被 all any no much little few every 等限定詞所修飾時(shí) 如 We heard clearly every word that he said 3 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí) 如 The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets When people talk about Hangzhou the first that comes to mind is the West Lake 4 當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾 以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容 詞最高級(jí)同時(shí)修飾時(shí) 如 Is that the best that you can do That s the most expensive hotel that we ve ever stayed in This novel is the second best one that I have ever read 5 當(dāng)先行詞被 the very the only the next the last 等所修飾時(shí) 如 This is the very book that I want to find 6 當(dāng)先行詞為指人和指物的兩個(gè)并列名詞詞組時(shí) 如 The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children s Palace She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most 7 當(dāng)主句是以 which 開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí) 如 Which is the car that killed the boy 4 在定語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí) 關(guān)系詞可用在定語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí) 關(guān)系詞可用 who m 或或 that 二者?？苫Q 二者?？苫Q 但在下列情況中 用但在下列情況中 用 who m 而不用 而不用 that 1 當(dāng)先行詞是 one ones any few anyone anybody someone somebody everyone everybody 等詞時(shí) 如 Is there anyone who can answer this question He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp 注 在非正式文體中可以說(shuō) You re the one that knows where to go 2 當(dāng)先行詞是 he they those people person 等詞時(shí) 如 He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet Those who are against the proposal put up your hands 注 在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語(yǔ)或習(xí)語(yǔ)中 可用 he that 如 He that promises too much means nothing 3 當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí) 如 Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting 4 在分隔式定語(yǔ)從句中 若先行詞指人 為了明確修飾關(guān)系 應(yīng)當(dāng)用 who m 如 A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German There s only one student in the school who whom I wanted to see 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) I was the only person in my office who was invited 5 兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)指人的先行詞 第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句常用 who m 來(lái)引導(dǎo) 如 She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar 5 在定語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí) 在下列情況中 一般用關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí) 在下列情況中 一般用關(guān)系詞 that 1 當(dāng)主句是以 who 或 which 開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí) 如 Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there Which of us that knows anything does not know this 2 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí) 如 He is the greatest man that has ever lived 3 當(dāng)先行詞被 the only the very the last 等詞所修飾時(shí) 如 She is the only person that understands me 6 當(dāng)先行詞被當(dāng)先行詞被 the same 所修飾時(shí) 關(guān)系詞既可以用所修飾時(shí) 關(guān)系詞既可以用 as 也可以用 也可以用 that 在表示具體事物 在表示具體事物 時(shí) 有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別 一般說(shuō)來(lái) 表示同一種類(lèi)多用時(shí) 有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別 一般說(shuō)來(lái) 表示同一種類(lèi)多用 as 表示同一事物多用 表示同一事物多用 that 如 This is the same instrument that I used yesterday 這就是我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)儀器 This is the same instrument as I used yesterday 這臺(tái)儀器跟我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)一樣 在抽象概念上 同種類(lèi)和同一事物是沒(méi)有絕對(duì)區(qū)別的 所以兩個(gè)詞可換用 I have the same opinion as that you have 這里要注意的是 1 使用 as 時(shí) 它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以省略 但使用 that 時(shí) 定語(yǔ)從句中 的動(dòng)詞不可省略 如 Women received the same pay as men Women received the same pay that men received 2 在 the same that 結(jié)構(gòu)中 that 只是用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣 強(qiáng)調(diào) 相同 that 可以省去而不改變句子原意 甚至連 名詞前的 same 也可以省去 如 This is the same instrument that I used yesterday This is the same instrument I used yesterday This is the instrument I used yesterday 但在 the same as 結(jié)構(gòu)中 same 和 as 都不能省略 3 當(dāng) the same that 結(jié)構(gòu)中的 that 作為關(guān)系副詞用時(shí) 不可以直接與 as 互換 如 He lives in the same building that I live He lives in the same building as that I live in Shall we meet at the same place that we last met Shall we meet at the same place that as we last met at 7 當(dāng)先行詞前有當(dāng)先行詞前有 such so as 時(shí) 關(guān)系詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用時(shí) 關(guān)系詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用 as 如 如 A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn t understand 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand At this time of the day all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read Let s discuss such things as we can talk of freely 定語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及詳解定語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及詳解 50 題題 1 The place interested me most was the Children s Palace A Which B where C what D in which 2 Do you know the man A whom I spoke B to who spoke C I spoke to D that I spoke 3 This is the hotel last month A which they stayed B at that they stayed C where they stayed at D where they stayed 4 Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded A which B that C when D on which 5 That is the day I ll never forget A which B on which C in which D when 6 The factory we ll visit next week is not far from here A where B to which C which D in which 7 Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working A where B that C which D there 8 This is one of the best films A that have been shown this year B that have shown C that has been shown this year D that you talked 9 Can you lend me the book the other day A about which you talked B which you talked C about that you talked D that you talked 10 The pen he is writing is mine A with which B in which C on which D by which 11 They arrived at a farmhouse in front of sat a small boy A whom B who C which D that 12 The engineer my father works is about 50 years old A to whom B on whom C with which D with whom 13 It there anyone in your class family is in the country A who B who s C which D whose 14 I m interested in you have said A all that B all what C that D which 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) 15 I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday A which B who C what D as 16 He isn t such a man he used to be A who B whom C that D as 17 He is good at English we all know A that B as C whom D what A I went with B with whom I went C with who I went D I went with him 19 I don t like as you read A the novels B the such novels C such novels D same novels 20 He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school A which B that C whom D what 21 The letter is from my sister is working in Beijing A which B that C whom D who 22 In our factory there are 2 000 workers two thirds of are women A them B which C whom D who 23 You re the only person I ve ever met could do it A who B whom C whom D who 24 I lost a book I can t remember now A whose title B its title C the title of it D the title of that 25 Last summer we visited the West Lake Hangzhou is famous in the world A for which B for that C in which D what 26 I have bought such a watch was advertised on TV A that B which C as D it 27 I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together A when which B which when C what that D on which when 28 The way he looks at problems is wrong A which B whose C what D 29 This is the reason he didn t come to the meeting A in which B with which C that D for which 30 This machine for many years is still working perfectly A after which I have looked B which I have looked after C that I have looked after D I have looked after 31 The reason he didn t come was he was ill A why that B that why C for that that D for which what 32 He is working hard will make him pass the final exam A that B which C for which D who 33 That is not the way I do it 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) 考無(wú)憂論壇 免費(fèi)注冊(cè) 無(wú)需點(diǎn)數(shù) A B which C for which D with which 34 I have two grammars are of great use A all of which B either of which C both of that D both of which 35 I want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago A as was B which was C as were D which 36 My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble was very kind of them A who B which C that D it 37 This is the magazine I copied the paragraph A that B which C from that D fro