新標準大學(xué)英語綜合教程4-unit7.doc

Unit7Active reading (1)Reading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the passage.2 The passage is the story of a home, the people who lived there and how life has changed over the years,as narrated by the house itself.4 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Why does the narrator never see his neighbour face on?(a) Because he cant really see.(b) Because the neighbour is a long way away.(c) Because the narrator and the neighbour are joined in a line.(d) Because the morning sun shines on the narrator instead of the neighbour.2 What was the main effect of the arrival of the young woman in the groundsmans home?(a) She brought companionship, a family and happiness into the home.(b) The children grew older and taller in the home.(c) The groundsman didnt have to work so much in the manor house gardens.(d) The home became very noisy.3 Why do you think the couple was holding each other and weeping?(a) Because the couple was growing older.(b) Because the children had grown up and disappeared.(c) Because the daughter had got married.(d) Because the postman had brought bad news about the son.4 How does the narrator feel generally about the years passing?(a) He regrets the people, the new buildings and the traffic.(b) He thinks the neighbouring houses are ugly.(c) He is nostalgic about the past, although he enjoys some of the benefits of progress.(d) He wishes people would spend more time at home.5 How do we know the narrator is getting old?(a) No one is looking after the narrator properly.(b) The narrator has lots of golden memories.(c) There are strange sounds and signs of people who have lived there in the past.(d) The neighbourhood isnt what it used to be.6 What do you think is going to happen to the house?(a) Another family will come and live there.(b) The traffic around it will get worse.(c) Its going to be pulled down.(d) The workmen are going to use it as a workplace.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 a small house built on land belonging to a large house (lodge)2 to provide furniture (furnish)3 feeling rough and hard (coarse)4 to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make it ready for use (install)5 to build something by putting parts together (assemble)6 a group of workers who do physical work (gang)7 a machine or piece of equipment that does a particular thing (device)8 a machine or a piece of equipment you have in your home (appliance)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.When the (1) gang of workmen arrived, the (2) lodge was in a poor state of repair. They began by(3) installing electricity and then (4) assembled the various pieces of a modern kitchen with all the best(5) appliances such as a washing machine and refrigerator. The walls were rather (6) coarse after years ofneglect, so they used a(n) (7) device to make them smooth again. Finally, they (8) furnished it with tables,chairs, sofas and beds, until the house was as comfortable as it used to be.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 The two buildings looked exactly the same from the outside, but were very different inside. (identical)2 When spring arrives the garden is full of flowers on the trees. (blossoms)3 The postman used to bring the mail in a large group of things tied together, but these days, we only getthe occasional letter. (bundle)4 She felt suddenly unconscious for a short time when she heard the dreadful news. (fainted)5 At the place where two or more roads meet, there are often queues of traffic. (crossroad)6 I sometimes feel unhappy and angry at the noise and traffic, but most of the time I ignore them. (resent)7 When you leave apples on the ground, they are gradually destroyed by a natural process, and cant becollected and stored. (decay)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Is a clearing likely to be (a) an area of woodland, or (b) an area in a wood where there are no trees?2 If something gleams, is it likely to be (a) bright, or (b) dull light?3 Is a riot of colours likely to be (a) just one or two, or (b) lots of different colours?4 If a child gurgles happily, is this likely to be (a) a low, or (b) a high-pitched sound?5 Is a metallic sound likely to be made by (a) something metal, or (b) wooden?6 If a dog howls, does it make (a) a long, loud sound, or (b) a weak, high sound?7 Is a creak likely to be a sound made by (a) something new, or (b) something old?8 If a gate has fallen off its hinges, is it likely to (a) open and shut normally, or (b) stay open?Reading and interpreting9 Look at the sentences from the passage and answer the questions.1 . I do know that strangely, although were identical, were the exact opposite of each other .Why are the house and its neighbour identical yet the exact opposite of each other? sort of works for some of the information- though I have never seen such an arrangement. But thepreposition over will not work, and surely there are two bedrooms or what is the other room? Weknow it is not a bathroom- and if there are two bedrooms, how can you say the room arrangement is theopposite as in both cases there are two bedrooms?2 Soon there were children to look after too .In what way does the house look after the children?The house provides shelter and keeps them warm and dry.3 I thought they looked rather coarse against my handsome stone.Does the house like the new brick houses being built? Why / Why not?No, he does not think brick is as fine a material as stone. The word coarse is negative in connotation.4 But we were all warm and clean, and although it was different, it wasnt unpleasant.What does the house feel about progress?Fairly positive although a little nervous.5 My floorboards creak, and ghosts make strange noises throughout the night.If the house were a human, what would creaking floorboards and ghosts suggest?Old age with stiff muscles and many memories.6 Round the bend comes a large crane with a kind of ball and chain. I do hope it will go away.What do you think the crane is coming to do? Do you think it will go away?Balls are used to smash down walls so it sounds as if the building will be demolished rather thanrepaired. If so, the crane will not go away.Active reading (2)Reading and understanding3 Answer the questions.1 Why does the writer suggest that the first photos of Earth from space came as a shock?They offered a new perspective. They allowed us to see our planet from the outside.2 What does the passage suggest are the advantages of progress?People have more comfortable and longer lives.3 What are the disadvantages of progress?Population growth and as a result overuse of resources, pollution etc.4 In what ways are we similar to other people around the world?We consume similar products and services.5 In what ways are we different?We value our individualism and points of difference from others as reflected in the details of our homes.6 What does our home encourage us to do?Relax, be ourselves and look inward.7 Why is watching television ironic?It results in looking outwards at affairs beyond the home.8 How have the roles of women changed?They can follow careers outside the home and have much less time to be housewives.9 Why will it require wisdom and care to ensure people remain safe and satisfied in their homes?The modern world is pushing us towards uniformity and reducing freedom of choice. It will be difficultto balance this against what people want from their homes and lives. Changes to the family itself mayalso happen with unknown consequences.10 Why might planet Earth become unrecognizable?Homes with families and comfort may have disappeared.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to develop and make more modern (industrialize)2 to suffer something difficult or unpleasant patiently over a long period of time (endure)3 smooth-moving and attractive-looking (graceful)4 a strong feeling of dislike (hatred)5 to stop happening or continuing (cease)6 to take control of (conquer)7 intended, not done by chance or by accident (deliberate)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 Many animals, like the antelope and the swan, move with such grace that we humans can only admirethem.2 In the 17th century, the Founding Fathers escaped from England because their religion was hated by theEnglish, but their endurance allowed them to escape to North America and create the US.3 Industrialized nations have more social and fewer economic problems than developing countries.4 The US government deliberately chose the name the “Department of Homeland Security” in order tostress the importance of home.5 The conquest of space is one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century.6 There is an enduring need to remind ourselves that the Earths resources are finite.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.In comparison with small buildings, local communities, towns and cities, the Earth is (1) extremelylarge, but we call all of these our home, where we enjoy our (2) basic human right of clean water, adequatefood and personal security. Yet this right creates (3) extreme pressure on the Earths resources, and wemay feel that the human spirit contains an unusual self-destructive (4) characteristic. Its as if we humanswork at the (5) main offices of planet Earth, building it and making it stronger and stronger, but with theability to bring it down and destroy it. (6) In the end, its our personal duty to leave the Earth as (7) wholeand undamaged as we found it when we arrived.Key: (1) immense (2) birthright (3) incredible (4) streak (5) headquarters(6) Ultimately (7) intact7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If buffalos roam, do they move (a) in a deliberate way, or (b) in no particular direction or without anypurpose?2 Is an emotive word likely to be one which causes (a) strong, or (b) weak feelings?3 If you hunker down, are you likely to (a) go out and look for trouble, or (b) look for a safe place toshelter?4 Is domain likely to be (a) an obligation of a particular person or a group, or (b) an area of activitytraditionally associated with them?5 Is a place that is habitable somewhere you can (a) live, or (b) travel to?6 If something is immoral, is it likely to be (a) right, or (b) wrong?7 If something takes an inordinate amount of time, does it take (a) a lot of time, or (b) little time?Language in useInversion1 Rewrite the sentences using inversion.1 The sound of children playing came from around the house.From around the house came the sound of children playing.2 More houses stood on top of the hill.On top of the hill stood more houses3 Horseless carriages passed in front of the house.In front of the house passed horseless carriages.4 Two middle-aged women lived here.Here lived two middle-aged women.5 A lorry stops at the front of the house.At the front of the house stops a lorry.6 A large crane comes round the bend.Round the bend comes a large crane.Granted, 2 Rewrite the sentences using Granted , 1 I admit that we recognized Earth from maps and drawings, but it was the first time we had seen photosof it.Granted, we recognized Earth from maps and drawings, but it was the first time we had seen photosof it.2 I admit it was familiar, but it was still unusual.Granted, it was familiar, but it was still unusual.3 I admit we could raise standards of living, but we also know that the growth of population is out ofcontrol.Granted, we could raise standards of living, but we also know that the growth of population is out ofcontrol.4 I admit we have learnt to like the same things, but we also recognize our individual natures.Granted, we have learnt to like the same things, but we also recognize our individual natures.5 I admit that womens roles have changed, but mens roles have not.Granted, womens roles have changed, but mens roles have not.binomials3 Complete the sentences with suitable binomials from the box.1 There are lots of good things to eat. You can pick and choose.2 His secretary looked very prim and proper and the whole meeting was very formal.3 When I write a story, I write the ending first, and then work backwards. I write back to front.4 When I go on holiday, I dont want to do much. I just need some peace and quiet.5 Dont worry, well find your wallet sooner or later.6 This is the best I can do for this activity. Take it or leave it.Additional activityMatch the binomials with their meaning.1 d 2 f 3 j 4 g 5 a 6 b 7 i 8 c 9 h 10 ecollocations4 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimes more than onecollocation is possible.1 The results led him to abandon his belief that the climate was not changing.2 The international community is a vague term used to refer to all the governments of the world.3 She is achieving great success / popularity as a designer of stylish home furnishings.4 The government is facing immense pressure to provide cheap housing for the growing population.5 The minister has set up a working party to look into the problem of homelessness.6 If you have a spare room, you could take in a student and make a little extra money.5 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.In so many ways, we now share our home and our homes with so many others. From Australia toZambia, we wear baseball caps and watch Hollywood movies. Markets in Morocco sell radios made inSingapore, and we all watch television and enjoy the same type of programmes. Are people obliged to dothis, or do they simply want to?Yet at heart, while we have learnt or have been taught? to like and aspire towards the same things, werecognize a streak of individualism in ourselves, a consciousness of difference, of our own uniqueness.And when life on Earth gets overwhelming, people retreat into themselves, into their homes.The word home is an emotive one. Its a deliberate choice to call the organization to protect the US fromterrorism the Department of Homeland Security. Home doesnt mean just bricks and mortar, translated intohouse or housing in so many languages. Home is where we hunker down, take off our shoes and switch offfrom the outside world. Its an inward-looking place, where we should feel safe. Our homes also show ourindividual sides, through the pictures on the wall, the favourite chair, the souvenirs from visits beyond ourhomes, our expression of choice, which remain unchanging day to day, symbols of a moments pause in anever-changing world.我們在許多方面和許多人共享我們各自的家我們的家，從澳大利亞到贊比亞，人們都戴棒球帽，看好萊塢電影。在摩洛哥的市場上可以買到新加坡產(chǎn)的收音機。我們都看電視，喜歡看同一類節(jié)目。人們是必須這樣做，還是就喜歡這樣做呢？雖然我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會了（或被教會了）喜歡或追求同樣的東西，但在內(nèi)心深處，我們都意識到我們身上有一種個人主義的特質(zhì)，意識到自己與眾不同，意識到自己的獨特性。當(dāng)世上的生活變得令人無法承受的時候，人們就退隱到自己的內(nèi)心世界里，退隱到他們的家中?！凹摇边@個詞充滿了強烈的感情色彩。保護美國人不受恐怖攻擊的那個部門名叫“國土安全部”, 這種稱謂是經(jīng)過仔細推敲的?！凹摇痹诤芏嗾Z言中都被譯成“房子”或“住宅”，但它不僅僅意味著磚頭和灰漿。家是我們可以放松休息的地方，在家里我們脫下鞋子，忘掉外面那個紛擾的世界。家是一個讓我們轉(zhuǎn)向內(nèi)心的地方，到了家我們就感到安全。通過掛在墻上的照片、我們最喜歡的椅子、外出旅游時帶回來的紀念品，家顯示出我們個性的方面，我們的取舍。這些東西每天一成不變地放在那里，象征著這個變幻不定的世界中片刻的停頓。6 Translate the paragraphs into English.在畢業(yè)典禮上，一家知名IT公司的經(jīng)驗豐富的 CTO 托馬斯克拉克給140名渴望在IT行業(yè)干出一番事業(yè)的計算機科學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生提出了一些重要建議。在他看來，信息技術(shù)不僅僅是組裝機器和裝置。在這個領(lǐng)域，創(chuàng)新起著關(guān)鍵的作用。所以 IT 工作者自然要承受巨大的壓力，因為他們每天都要想出一些新點子。但是克拉克也指出，IT 行業(yè)的最終目標是利潤。如果你想在這個領(lǐng)域獲得成功，你應(yīng)該牢記創(chuàng)新并不等同于個人主義。值得注意的是，很多有天賦的年輕人由于狂妄自大，交流能力差，沒能發(fā)揮他們的潛力，因此沒有取得成功?？死藦娬{(diào)說，你必須學(xué)會和不同部門的人合作，這樣你才能創(chuàng)造出能被市場接受的產(chǎn)品，你的才華才能綻放。(aspire to; assemble; domain; on a daily basis; ultimate;synonymous with; blossom)In the graduation ceremony, Thomas Clark, a veteran CTO of a renowned IT company, offers someimportant advice to 140 computer science majors who aspire to pursue a successful career in IT. In hisopinion, information technology is not just about assembling machines and devices; it is a domain whereinnovation plays the key role. So naturally IT workers have to endure high pressure in their work as theyneed to come up with new ideas on a daily basis.But Clark also points out that the ultimate goal of IT business is profit. If you want to succeed in thisbusiness, you need to keep in mind that innovation is not synonymous with individualism. It is noticeablehow many gifted young men have failed to achieve success because of their arrogance and poorcommunication skill. Clark emphasizes that you have to learn to cooperate with people from differentdepartments and only thus can your talent blossom out by creating products that will be accepted by themarket.Translation of the passagesActive reading (1)美好的回憶雖然這個房子已經(jīng)換了許多戶人家了，但直到現(xiàn)在我還記得那些筑墻、蓋屋頂?shù)墓と恕．?dāng)時馬路對過那座莊園大宅的主人需要建一個小屋給他的園丁住。他在這片連綿不斷的巨大的丘陵果園中找到了一片空地，他派工人到本地的采石場運來金黃色的石頭，工人花了三個月時間在園子里建起了這兩座農(nóng)家小屋。我只從側(cè)面看到過我的旁邊的那座房子，我從來沒有見過它的正面。 但是我知道，盡管我們在結(jié)構(gòu)和外觀上是一摸一樣的，我們的朝向正好相反，這真是不可思議。我的前門朝東，隔壁房子的前門是朝西的。我的臥室在房子的后部，在隔壁那所房子里，這個位置正好是廚房的上面。我的廚房在房子的前部，在隔壁的那個房子里，這個位置是在臥室的下方。我覺得我比它幸運，因為每天早上，我這邊的石頭會在陽光的照耀下熠熠發(fā)光。園丁精心地照料莊園周圍的果園和花園，所以到了秋天，樹上總是果實累累，結(jié)滿了蘋果和梨。當(dāng)白天越來越短的時候，這四周的土地上是一片忙碌的景象，幫工們采摘水果，把摘下的水果送到莊園去或是沿著那條路運到鎮(zhèn)上的市場去賣。除了秋天，其他時候這里非常安靜。園丁的生活好像很孤獨，后來有一天，他帶了一個年輕女子回家。我這個房子里頓時充滿了歡聲笑語和飯菜的香味。園丁外出干活的時候，他的妻子會照看我周圍的花園，種玫瑰、水仙和郁金香，還有夏季植物和菊花。從早春的鮮花到深秋的深深的金黃色葉子，花園里真是五彩繽紛。能照看這樣一對夫婦，我感覺很幸福。沒過多久，又有孩子要照看了。頭一個孩子是女孩，她常常高興得咯咯笑，睡得也很沉。后來又添了一個男孩，他哭起來嗓門很大，讓我們大家都不得安寧。但是他們都很快樂，也很聽話。他們會靜靜地在屋里或花園里一起玩耍。漸漸地，他們長大了，也長高了。最讓我感到愉快的一個記憶是：在一個溫暖的夏日，我看到男孩高高地坐在蘋果樹的枝干上，讀著他最喜愛的那本書。我的窗戶是我的眼睛，它們對著綠樹和田野。窗外的風(fēng)景被低矮的丘陵圍繞著，仿佛一切都棲息在它溫暖的懷抱里。遠處是尖塔林立的城市，平日里靜悄悄的，只有在特定的日子里，才會響起鐘聲。在這些日子里，園丁和他的家人會穿上漂亮的衣服外出，幾個小時之后才回來。孩子們漸漸長大了。先是女兒不見了，