英語賓語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要.doc

賓語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要用來充作賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。如：He asked what you were doing last night. 他問你昨天夜晚在干什么。I didnt know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原來不知道他在那事故中受了傷。Can you explain why he didnt come to the party last Sunday? 你能解釋上周星期日他為什么沒有來參加聚會嗎？在賓語從句中須注意：1. that 在口語中常被省略，但在正式的文體中，不能??；并且它一般不能引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句，但可引導(dǎo)except, but, in 等少數(shù)介詞的賓語從句。如：I didnt know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。I will do anything I can to help you except that Im ill. 只要我身體舒服，我愿做任何事情來幫助你。2. 賓語從句之后帶有補足語成分時，一般須用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句放到句末，此時的that不能省。如：The boy has made it clear that they cant play with his toys. 那個男孩已清楚的表明他們不能玩弄他的玩具。3. 動詞advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅決主張), order, propose, request, suggest(建議)等代的賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，即：(should) do的形式。He asked that we (should) get there before nine oclock. 他要求我們在九點鐘之前趕到那兒。The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老師勸告我們不要浪費時間了。4. 賓語從句的時態(tài)與主句的時態(tài)須呼應(yīng)。即：1)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句的謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態(tài)表示。如：He always says that he is our good friend. 他總是說他是我們的好朋友。When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 當(dāng)老師知道我們所干的事情時，他會說我們做了一件好事。2)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)為過去時，從句的謂語動詞須用響應(yīng)的過去時。如：He didnt tell us he came from Shanghai. 他沒有告訴我們他來自上海。He said he had read the book. 他說他讀過這本書。3)但當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實，而不受時間的限制時，即使主句謂語動詞為過去時，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席說一切帝國主義者都是紙老虎。When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時候，人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。賓語從句用法詳解一、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句通常由連詞that和whether (if)、連接代詞或連接副詞以及關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo)：1. that引導(dǎo)We believe that he is honest. 我們相信他是誠實的。The doctor insists that I give up smoking醫(yī)生堅持要我戒煙。I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建議我們明天走。I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建議我們第二天走。We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 從他的信里我們了解到他在西班牙。The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 賣方要求5日內(nèi)付款。2. whether / if 引導(dǎo)I dont know whether hell arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及時到。I didnt know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他們是否喜歡這個地方。Ill see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能勸他接受。I asked her whether she agreed. 我問她是否同意。He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他問她父母是否講西班牙語。I wonder if its large enough. 我不知道它是否夠大。She didnt say if he was still alive. 她沒說他是否還活著。3. 連接代詞引導(dǎo)I dont know who whom you mean. 我不知道你指誰。Please tell me which you like. 告訴我你喜歡哪一個。IIl do whatever I can do. 我將做我所能做的事。You can take whichever you like. 你愛拿哪個就拿哪個吧。Well do whatever we can to save him. 我們將盡我們所能來挽救他。Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪個座就坐哪個座位。Give it to whoever you like. 你把它愛給誰就給誰。You dont know what you are talking about. 你在說什么，你自己也不知道。Tomorrow at this time well know who is elected. 明天這時候我們就會知道誰當(dāng)選了。4. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)He asked why he had to go alone. 他問他為什么必須一個人去。You dont know when you are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。I asked how he was getting on. 我問他情況怎樣。He knows where they live. 他知道他們住哪里。Have you found out how wide the ditch Was? 你了解到那條溝有多寬嗎?Id like to know when they will let him out. 我很想知道他們什么時候會放他出來。We didnt know why he had answered in that fashion. 我們不明白他為什么這樣回答。that與whether (if)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別兩者均可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可引導(dǎo)語從句和表語從句(if 通常不行)，但兩者含義不同，whether (if) 表示“是否”，that 卻不表示任何含義。在它們所引出的從句中，that 表示一種肯定、明確的概念，而 whether (if) 則表示一種不肯定、不明確的概念。比較：Whether hell come is not known yet. 他是否來還不清楚。That hell come is known to us all. 我們都知道他會來。類似地，動詞doubt (懷疑)后接賓語從句時，由于 doubt的含義不確定，故通常用 whether (if) 來引導(dǎo)其賓語從句，但若 doubt為否定式，則其后的賓語從句用 that 來引導(dǎo)。如：I doubt if you are honest. 我懷疑你是否誠實。I dont doubt that you are honest. 我不懷疑你是誠實的。that, why 與 because 引導(dǎo)表語從句時的區(qū)別雖然三者均可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但 that 沒有詞義，而 why 和 because 有自己的意思；另外，雖然 why和 because 都可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但前者強調(diào)結(jié)果，后者強調(diào)原因。如：The reason was that you dont trust her. 原因是你不信任她。The fa