insist 后的從句用什么語氣.doc

insist 后的從句用什么語氣insist 后的從句一定要用虛擬語氣嗎? 請看下面的這道題：The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.A. had done, should beB. should do, should beC. had done, had beenD. should do, had been【分析】此題容易誤選B，想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為 insist 后的從句謂語要用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣。事實上，insist后的從句謂語是否用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，要看該謂語動詞所表示的含義。一般說來，若該謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣；若該謂語動詞所表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實，則要用陳述語氣。對上題而言，坐牢的這個人堅持了兩點：一是沒做錯事，二是應(yīng)該釋放。很顯然，在坐牢這個人看來，“沒做錯事”應(yīng)該是事實，故用陳述語氣；“被釋放”還不是事實（因為他還在坐牢），故用虛擬語氣。所以此題的最佳答案應(yīng)為A。又如：He insisted that I had read his letter. 他堅持說我看過他的信。（“看信”已成為事實，故用陳述語氣）He insisted that I should read his letter. 他堅持要我看他的信。（“看信”尚未成為事實，故用虛擬語氣）請再做下面一題()：The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital.A. wasnt, wasnt sent B. wasnt, shouldnt be sentC. shouldnt be, wasnt sentD. shouldnt be, shouldnt be sent 答案選 B，因為在說話者看來，“沒病”是事實，故用陳述語氣；“不送醫(yī)院”尚未成為現(xiàn)實，故用虛擬語氣。It is time 后的定語從句用虛擬語氣從句謂語通常用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，有時也用過去進(jìn)行時或“should+動詞原形”(較少見，且should不能省略)，其意為“(早)該干某事了”。如： I think its time you went to bed. 我想你該睡覺了。Its time we went were going, should go. 我們該走了。I think its time they were taught a lesson. 我想現(xiàn)在該給他們一點教訓(xùn)了。注：time前有時有about和high修飾：I think its high time that she made up her mind. 我想她該拿定主意了。與其他的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)不同，該結(jié)構(gòu)不能在該用 was 時而用 were。如：Its time I was in bed. 我該上床睡了。(不用were)I wish 后從句用虛擬語氣的三種形式請看下面一題：I wish you _ him my telephone number，but you did. A. didnt giveB. hadnt givenC. wouldnt give D. shouldnt give 此題應(yīng)選B。I wish后接賓語從句時，謂語有三種可能：1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，用過去時：I wish I were a teacher. 我要是一位老師就好了。I wish I remembered her address. 我要是記得她的地址就好了。2. 表示與過去事實相反的愿望，用過去完成時：How I wish I had seen her off at the station，but I was too busy. 我要是去車站送過她就好了，但我太忙了。3. 表示與將來事實相反的愿望，用could / would+ / might+動詞原形：I wish he would come at once. 我真希望他馬上來。類似地，以下結(jié)構(gòu)也與wish情況類似(從句分三種情況)：(1) If only(但愿)：用法與含義均與I wish相似，以上各例中的I wish均可用If only代之，含義大致相同。(2) as if / though (好像)：She loves the child as if he were her own. 她疼愛這孩子，就像是她自己的孩子一樣。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反)He talks as if he had been there many times. 他說起話來好像是去過那兒多次似的。(與過去事實相反)He speaks as if he would die soon. 聽他說話那語氣好像不久就要死似的。(與將來事實相反)wish后的賓語從句的虛擬語式要表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，從句謂語一般過去時或過去進(jìn)行時，表示與過去相反的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時或would / could+have +過去分詞，表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，用would (could)動詞原形。如：I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那樣忙碌。I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用處。I wish you would be more respectful to your father. 我希望你對你父親更尊敬些。注：從句的時態(tài)只與從句所指的時間有關(guān)，而與 wish 的時態(tài)無關(guān)，比較：I wish I were rich. 要是我現(xiàn)在有錢就好了。I wish I had been rich. 要是那時我有錢就好了。I wished I were rich. 當(dāng)時我后悔自己沒有錢。I wishedI had been rich. 當(dāng)時我后悔自己曾經(jīng)沒有錢。哪些動詞接的賓語從句通常要用虛擬語氣請看下面的有關(guān)考題：The guard at the gate insisted that everyone _ the rules. A. obeysB. obey C. will obeyD. would obey 此題應(yīng)選 B。一般說來，在一些表示堅持(insist)，命令(order，command)，建議(suggest，advise)，要求(require，demand)等動詞之后的賓語從句中，謂語一般要用“should+動詞原形”(其中的should在美國英語常省略，但是引導(dǎo)從句的that通常不省略)：He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane. 他命令用專機(jī)來運送藥品。I demanded that I (should) be allowed to call my lawyer. 我要求準(zhǔn)我找我的律師。注意insist和suggest的用法要分兩種情況：2. insist 表示“堅持要”、“一定要”，從句多指尚未實現(xiàn)的想法，謂語通常用虛擬語氣(should+v)；表示“堅持說”、“堅持認(rèn)為”，從句所指的多為已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事或已存在的狀態(tài)，謂語用陳述語氣：I insisted that he (should) go. 我堅持要他去。I insisted that he was wrong. 我堅持認(rèn)為他錯了。2. suggest表示“建議”，其后接that從句，一般要用虛擬誤氣; 若表示“暗示”、“表明”，則其后所接that從句要用陳述語氣()：She suggested that we (should) leave early. 她建議我們早點動身。Her expression suggested that she was angry. 她的表情表明了她生氣了。含蓄虛擬條件句的七種表現(xiàn)形式所謂含蓄虛擬條件句即指將條件從句隱藏在上下文一定的短語中的一類條件句，其主要用法及表現(xiàn)形式可歸納如下：1. 將條件隱含在不定式短語中I would write to her, but I dont know her address. 我會給她寫信的，就是不知道她的地址。(=If I knew her address, I would write to her. But)To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你學(xué)習(xí)更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=If you had studied harder, you)2. 將條件隱含在分詞短語中Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好時代，他早就成為學(xué)者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he would)Failing this time, what would you do？ 假若這次失敗，那你怎么辦？(=If you failed this time, what would)Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一個人單獨在黑暗中行走，瑪麗會感到十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she)3. 將條件隱含在介詞短語中But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒有你的幫助，我們的實驗是不會成功的。(=If it hadnt been for your help, we)In different circumstances, I would have said yes. 在不同的情況下，我就會同意了。(=If circumstances had been different, I would)4. 將條件隱含在名詞短語中Any person who had behaved in that way would have been dismissed. 任何人這樣做了都會被開除。(=If any person should behave in that way, he would)A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早來幾個小時，你就見到這位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you)5. 將條件隱含在某些連詞中I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him. 我不知道他是個騙子，不然我也不會相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)Im really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就會同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy)6. 將條件隱含在定語從句中Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看過那畫的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(