非謂語動詞-不定式

非謂語動詞-動詞不定式（一）形式：語態(tài)式一般式完成式進行式完成進行式主 動to buildto have builtto be buildingto have been building 被 動to be buildto have been build1)I plan to attend the meeting.我計劃參加這次會議。2)I am sorry to have kept you waiting.很抱歉讓你久等了。3)They are said to be working hard.據(jù)說他們工作得很努力。4)He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years.據(jù)說他已在那家工廠工作12年了。5)These clothes are to be washed as soon as possible.6)He is disappointed not to go swimming this afternoon.（二）用法1. To help each other is good. It is good to help each other _2. My job is to drive them to the power station every day. Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children. To see is to believe. _3. She wishes to be a musician. I am determined to give up smoking I dont think it right to do it that way._4. Tell the children to play outside. I saw a little girl run across the street _5. Have you got anything to eat? But she gave up the chance to go abroad. Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night? Is this the best way to help him? _6. We went there to see our grandparents. I am very sorry to hear that. She hurried home only to find her father dead. To look at the picture, you would like it. _(三）句型 1. It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. It is very kind of you to help him every day._2.疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語。1)When to start has not been decided何時動身尚未決定。_2)I dont know what to do我不知道該怎么辦。_3)The difficulty was how to cross the river困難在于如何過河。_4)I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。_3. 1)I couldnt do anything but sleep._ 2)I did nothing but wait._ 3)He had nothing to do but cry._ 4)I had no choice but to sleep._ 5）They desire nothing but to enjoy the present moment._（四）主動形式表達被動意思1. These apples are good to eat. 這些蘋果很好吃。 I find the lecture difficult to understand. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個報告很難懂。 He is a man easy to get on with. 他是一個容易相處的人。_ 2. The passage is too hard to translate. 這一段太難，無法翻譯。_ 3. I dont know what to do next. 我不知道下一步該做什么。 _ 4. I have a meeting to attend today. 今天我有個會議要參加。 Do you have anything to say? 你有什么話要說嗎？ He gave me some books to read. 他給了我一些書看。 _ Im going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your parents? 下周我要去北京，你有什么東西(讓我)捎給你父母嗎？_(五) 練習(xí)：1. - Can you ride a horse? - No, I never had the chance _. A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it D. to learn how2. Paul said, Give me a chair _. A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on3. I ran too fast _ where I was going. A. to notice B. for me to notice C. to notice for me D. and notice4. - Have you enjoyed your visit here?- Yes, Ill be very sorry_ . A. for leaving B.of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving5. - Ill help you whenever you need me. - Good. Id like _me tomorrow. A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help6. - I didnt hear you come in last night. - Thats good. We tried_ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be7. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still _. A. a good place which to be lived in B. lived as a good place C. a good place to live in D. living in as a good place8. - Why was the official meeting called? - _ new officers. A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting9. - Where did he go? - He went to another store _. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils10. - My baby has a heart trouble. - Did the doctor find it difficult _ ? A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat11. - Did the judge ask you many questions? - Yes, and _. A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering12. That beggar seems _ anything yesterday. A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. didnt eat D. to not have eaten13. The lost child desired nothing but _ home. A. go B. to go C. going . D. went14.That box is_. A. too heavy for me to carry B. too heavy for me to carry it C. so heavy for me to carry D. very heavy for me to carry15. Would you be _ to do me a favor, please? A. so kind as . B. too kind C. as kind as D. enough kind16. To learn to speak English well,_. A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice17. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to18. Last summer I took a course on _ . A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made19. The house is not large enough _ . A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living20. Nobody likes _. A. to speak ill of B. to be spoken ill of C. speaking ill of D. spoken ill of21. I know him _ a good football player while in college. A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been22. I was surprised_. A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly23. Mr. White was seen _ the Palace Museum. A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to entering24. I saw Mary _ the house. A. open the door and go into B. to open the door and to go into C. open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into25. Paul does nothing but _ all day long. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played26. Now we could not do anything but _ for him here. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait27. I dont know her and I dont _ . A. want B. want to C. want it D. to want28. - Go to the theatre with me, will you? - I should like _, but I dont have time. A. to B. too C. to do D. to go to29. To play fair is as important as _. A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well30. It is the greatest happiness on earth _. A. loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved31. _ is better to love than _ . A. That, to be loved B. That, be loved C. It, be loved D. It, to be loved32. Its very foolish _ it? A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying33. It _ me two hours to find your new house. A. cost B. took C. spent D. used34. We did not expect our offer _ so quickly. A. rejected B. to reject .C. to be rejected D. rejecting35. He told her _ there at once. A. get B. gets C. should get D. to get36. We all think it most foolish _ this mistake.A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make37. I really dont know _ . A. to swim B. how to swim C. to swim how D. how swim38. - What do you think about English?- Its a difficult language _. A. speaking B. to be spoken C. to speak D. Spoken15 DDACC 610 BCCAD 1115 CABAA 1620 BBAAB 2125 ADBAA 2630 DBAAC 3135 DBBCD 3638 BBCbut前有do,省to,無do,加to.（1）（動詞不定式作主語時，一般可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的動詞不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.（2）作表語：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 動詞不定式在系動詞be之后作表語，與表示將來時的be + 動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有所區(qū)別，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我們的計劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。（句中的謂語動詞為is，動詞不定式to set up 為表語，主語為plan，但plan并不是動詞不定式的邏輯主語，即動詞不定式 to set up所表示的動作不是主語plan產(chǎn)生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我們將為農(nóng)民的子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。（句中的are to set up整個結(jié)構(gòu)為句中謂語，主語為we，同時也是動詞不定式to set up所表示的動作的邏輯主語，即動詞不定式to set up所表示的動作是由we產(chǎn)生的）。（3）作及物動詞的賓語，如：She wishes to be a musician.；作某些形容詞的賓語：可以有動詞不定式為賓語的形容詞一般有g(shù)lad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；動詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，但動詞不定式之前如有疑問詞時，就可作介詞的賓語，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作賓語補足語，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的謂語動詞為see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作賓語補足語的動詞不定式須將to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.（5）動詞不定式在句中作賓語，如帶有賓語補足語時，須先用it作形式賓語，而將該動詞不定式后置，如：I dont think it right to do it that way. （6）作定語：動詞不定式作定語時，須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定語用的動詞不定式如果是不及物動詞，不定式后面就要用必要的介詞，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place, time, way，不定式后面的介詞，習(xí)慣上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.（7）作狀語：動詞不定式可以作下列的狀語：目的狀語： 為了強調(diào)不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或為了），但應(yīng)注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 將表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可強調(diào)目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. 結(jié)果狀語：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。too + 形容詞或副詞 + 動詞不定式，表示“足能”的結(jié)果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式：由for + 名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 動詞不定式即構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不定式。其中for本身無意義。for后面的名詞或代詞是不