英語動詞解PPT課件

.,1,動詞的分類,.,2,什么是動詞？,動詞是用來表示主語做什么（即行為動詞），或表示主語是什么或怎么樣（即狀態(tài)動詞）的詞,.,3,動詞可以按照含義及它們在句中的作用分成四類,（一）行為動詞行為動詞（實義動詞）是表示行為、動作或狀態(tài)的詞。它的詞義完整，可以單獨作謂語。例如：IliveinBeijingwithmymother.（我和我媽媽住在北京。）Ithasaroundface.（它有一張圓臉。）（二）連系動詞連系動詞是表示主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”的詞，它雖有詞義，但不完整，所以不能單獨作謂語，必須跟表語一起構(gòu)成合成謂語，例如：WeareinGradeTwothisyear.（今年我們在兩年級。）Shelookedtired.（她看一去很疲勞。）,.,4,動詞可以按照含義及它們在句中的作用分成四類,（三）助動詞這類詞本身無詞義，不能單獨作謂語，只能與主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示不同的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、表示句子的否定和疑問，例如：HedoesnotspeakEnglishwell.（他英語講得不好。）Adogisrunningafteracat.（一條狗正在追逐一只貓。）（四）情態(tài)動詞這類詞本身雖有意義，但不完整。它們表示說話人的能力、說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，如“可能”、“應(yīng)當”等。這類動詞有can,may,must,need,dare,could,might等。它們不能單獨作謂語，必須與行為動詞（原形）一起作謂語，表示完整的意思，例如：Icandance.（我會跳舞。）,.,5,及物動詞和不及物動詞,行為動詞按是否能夠接賓語被劃分成及物動詞和不及物動詞。,1、許多動詞可用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞，他閱讀中必須仔細體會和區(qū)別，例如：Whoisgoingtospeakatthemeeting?（誰打算在會上發(fā)言？）FewpeopleoutsideChinaspeakChinese.（在中國外很少人講漢語。）2、要特別注意有些動詞英漢之間的差異。某些詞在英語中是不及物的，而在漢語中卻是及物的。有時則相反。例如：Heiswaitingforyou.（他在等你。）Servethepeople.（為人民服務(wù)。）,.,6,3.動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語,bring,hand,lend,mail,offer,owe,pass,post,read,return,send,sell,show,take,teach,tell,throw,write,+sb+sth/sthtosb,.,7,book,buy,choosecook,draw,fetchfind,fix,getmake,order,pickpreparesavesingsparesteal,+sbsth/sthforsb,.,8,不及物動詞,1.沒有被動形式的詞happen,occur,rise,lie,die,2.主動表示被動的詞。動詞+(well,poorly,easily)sell,wash,burn,cook,cut,drive,dress,play,last,open,write,start,run,read,operate,break,measure,weigh1.Drywoodburnseasily.2.Theclothwasheswell.,.,9,既作及物又有不及物動詞的詞,他跑的快。Herunsfast.他經(jīng)營一家工廠。Herunsafactory.study，fly，run,change,.,10,1.她昨天回家很晚。2.會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。3.在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。,（一）主謂結(jié)構(gòu),1.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.2.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.,.,11,4.秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。5.我的爺爺早晨起得很早。6.每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。,4.Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.5.Mygrandfathergetsupearlyinthemorning.6.Everyafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.,.,12,（二）系表結(jié)構(gòu),1.冬季白天短，夜晚長。2.布朗夫人看起來很健康。3.十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。,1.Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.2.MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.3.Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.,.,13,（三）主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),1.昨晚我寫了一封信。2.他們成功地完成了計劃。3.你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。,1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.3.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.,.,14,（四）復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu),1.他的父母給他取名為John.2.我們大家都認為他是誠實的。3.他們把門推開了。4.我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。,1.HisparentsnamedhimJohn.2.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.3.Theypushedthedooropen.4.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.,.,15,1.這本書讓孩子們讀太難了.2.董事們選舉約翰為銀行經(jīng)理.3.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他們坐在桌旁下棋.4.老人凝望著照片,陷入了沉思.,1.Thisbookisrathertoodifficultforchildren.2.ThedirectorselectedJohnmanagerofthebank.3.Hefoundthemseatedatthetable,playingchess.4.Theoldmanwasdeepinthoughtwithhiseyesfixedonthephoto.,簡單句基本句型,.,16,二、動詞考察點分項說明：,（一）、掌握動詞的現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則；1、動詞現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成：,.,17,2、動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則動詞的變化：規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法是相同的。,不規(guī)則動詞的變化。（見九年級英語下冊不規(guī)則動詞表）,.,18,3、動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：,.,19,三、掌握系動詞be,look,feel,smell,get,become,turn,keep等的基本用法；,常見的連系動詞有：become,turn,get,grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,fall等。它們后面常接形容詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Pleasekeeptheclassroomclean.請保持教室的干凈。Thebreadlooksveryfresh.這些面包看上去很新鮮。,.,20,狀態(tài)變化系動詞,go,come,turn,grow,fall,getbecome,.,21,四、掌握助動詞be,do,have,shall,will的基本用法；,助動詞是“輔助性”動詞，一般沒有詞義，不能單獨作謂語，但可用來幫助構(gòu)成謂語，表示不同的時態(tài)，語態(tài)，和數(shù)的變化。常見的助動詞有：（1）be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)與現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)合，構(gòu)成各種進行時態(tài)；或與過去分詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。Imlookingformypen.我正在找我的筆。（現(xiàn)在進行時）ThesecupsaremadeinChina.這些杯子是中國制造的。（被動語態(tài)）,.,22,（五）掌握情態(tài)動詞can,must,need,may等基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及主要用法,情態(tài)動詞在英文中是“輔助性”動詞，用來表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，包括請求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義務(wù)、能力等。情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義，但詞義不完全，不能單獨用作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，且后面只跟動詞原形。情態(tài)動詞的種類：,.,23,一、連系動詞(be,look,get)二、使役、感觀動詞(let,make,feel三、主動表被動(sell,write）四、只接動名詞做賓語(mind,enjoy)五、只接不定式作賓語(ask,decide)六、賓語不同、意義不同(stop)七、接動名詞、不定式意義區(qū)別不大(like)八、賓語不同、但意義相同(need,require)九、接賓語和賓補、形式不同(allow)十、接虛擬語氣(suggest)十一、瞬間非延續(xù)性動詞(come)十二、表計劃未能實現(xiàn)的動詞(plan)十三、情感動詞類(excite)十四、否定前移類(think)十五、不帶不定式作復(fù)合賓語(wish,hope)十六、省略替代類(guess),.,24,四、只接動名詞做賓語的詞/詞組,mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,miss,keep,suggest,appreciate,practice,delay,finish,dislike,excuse,imagine,consider,forbid,escapeadmit,advise,allow,putoff,giveup,beworth,bebusydevoteto,lookforwardto,beusedto,leadto,succeedin,spend/wastetime(in)haveagood/hardtime(in)havedifficulty/trouble(in)thereisnouse(in),.,25,1.Shelookedforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgarden.A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin2.Iwouldappreciate_backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecalling3.Thedayhehaslookedforwardto_atlast.A.comingB.cameC.comeD.comes,D,C,B,.,26,口訣：喜歡、考慮不可免（enjoy,consider,escape,avoid）停止，放棄太冒險（stop,giveup,risk）反對想象莫推延（mind,imagine,delay,putoff）要求完成是期望（require,finish,lookforwardto.）建議繼續(xù)勤操練（suggest,goon,practice）不禁原諒要堅持（canthelp,excuse,insiston）繼續(xù)注意使成功（keepon,mind,succeedin）,.,27,五、只接不定式作賓語的詞/詞組,decide,expect,hope,wish,order,refuse,promise,pretend,agree,seem,attempt,fail,offer,happen,warn,affordmakeuponesmindto,bedeterminedtousedto,beaboutto,beableto,havetowouldlike/loveto=shouldlike/loveto1.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnight.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone,A,.,28,2.MrSmithwarnedherson_afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive3.Shepretended_mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen,A,A,.,29,口訣1：三個希望兩答應(yīng)：hope，wish，want，agree，promise兩個要求莫拒絕：demand，ask，refuse設(shè)法學(xué)會做決定：manage，learn，decide不要假裝在選擇：pretend，choose口訣2：“要想干，同意辦，愿意不愿意，決定盡量干?！盿要求，想要，希望(want,wish,hope,expect,intend,mean)b同意(agree,promise)c意愿(care,hate,refuse)d決定，企圖(determine,decide,offer,attempt,try,manage),.,30,六、賓語不同、意義不同,1)goontodo/goondoing2)stoptodo/stopdoing3)remembertodo/rememberdoing4)forgettodo/forgetdoing5)meantodo/meandoing6)regrettodo/regretdoing7)trytodo/trydoing8)canthelp(to)do/canthelpdoing,.,31,口訣：能接不定式，又能接動名詞，但意思不同的動詞或詞組：forget,goon,mean,remember,stop,try，regret,巧記，即四記力爭不后悔。四記指(記得/記?。煌?；計劃/打算；繼續(xù))；力爭指try；不后悔指stopregretting-stop與regret。,.,32,七、接動名詞、不定式意義區(qū)別不大,begin,start,continue,like,love,hatepreferItbeganraining.Itisbeginningtorain.Ipreferstayinghometogoingout.Iprefertostayhomeratherthangoout.,.,33,Tiredashewas,hecontinuedtowork.=Thoughhewasverytired,hecontinuedworking.Helikesplayingfootball,buthedoesntliketoplayfootballtoday.,.,34,十、接虛擬語氣的詞,1)insist2)order,command4)advise,suggest,propose,recommend4)demand,ask,require,request1.Heorderedthatwe(should)leaveatonce.2.Hisorderthatwe(should)leaveatoncewasright.,.,35,3.Heinsistedthathisbrother_there.A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo4.Heinsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_setfree.A.do;beB.haddone;wasC.haddone;beD.did;was5.Hisvoicesuggestedthathe_angry.A.isB.beC.wasD.were6.Hesuggestedthattheboy_senttohospitalatonce.A.wasB.beC.isD.were,A,C,C,B,“堅持說；堅決認為”，接that從句，用陳述語氣即是陳述已知或發(fā)生過的事,.,36,口訣1：一堅持，二命令，三建議，四要求其賓語從句用“should+動詞原形”，should既可以省略，should也可以保留。一堅持，即insist；二命令，即order,command；三建議，即suggest,propose,advise；四要求，即ask,demand,require,request。,.,37,口訣2：“idropcaps”在某些表示請求、命令、建議等動詞后面的賓語從句中，謂語動詞要用動詞原形或should+動詞原形。iinsist,ddemand,rrequest/require/recommend,oorder,ppropose,ccommand,aadvise,pprefer,ssuggest.,.,38,十一、瞬間非延續(xù)性動詞,go,come,leave,start,return,arrive,stop,finish,borrow,lend,open,close,die,become,break,join,kill,marry,graduate,buymarry-bemarriedseat-beseatedhide-behiddenengage-beengageddie-bedeadbegin-beonjoin-beinborrow-keepcome-be/stayleave-beawaybuy-have=havegot,.,39,1.Hediedtenyearsago,thatstosay,hehas_fortenyears.A.beendiedB.beendeadC.diedD.beendying2.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMary_foralmostanhour.A.hadgoneB.hadsetoffC.hadleftD.hadbeenaway,B,D,.,40,HeisleavingforBeijingtomorrow.Theboyissosickthatheisdyingfast.Thebusiscoming.Thetrainisleaving.,.,41,1.Thenewssounds_.(encourage)2.Theplaywasso_thatnearlyeverybodywas_totears.(move)3.Lookingatherpaper,shenoddedwitha_smileonherface.(satisfy)4.Helookedatmewitha_look.(puzzle),encouraging,moving,satisfied,moved,puzzled,.,42,十四、否定前移類,believe,imagine,suppose,think,feel,guess1.Idontthinkhecanfinishthework,_?A.cantheB.canheC.doID.dontI2.Wedontbelievesheknowsit,_?A.doessheB.doesntsheC.doweD.dontwe3.Youdontthinkhecanfinishit,_?A.doyouB.dontyouC.canheD.canthe,B,A,A,.,43,口訣：“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”的5個常用詞：我認為（think）猜想（suppose）與想象（imagine）都不可相信（believe），我期待（expect）等著你的回答。eg:Idontthinkhellcometomorrow.,.,44,十五、不帶不定式作復(fù)合賓語,hope,agree,suggest,demand,imagine,