汽車專業(yè)英語(原書作者宋紅英)第一～二章PPT課件

1,UnitoneAutomobileStructure,.,2,Contents,Pre-questions,II.TextExplanation,III.Exercises,.,3,TypesofModernAutomobiles1）cars2）passengercars3）trucks4）tractorsandvehiclecombination5）specialtypevehicle6）Self-dumpingcar7）farmvehicle8)off-roadvehicle,Pre-questions,.,4,Specialvehicle,car,Tractor,Truck,PassengerCars,.,5,2、withrespecttoenginearrangementanddrivingtype,Pre-questions,.,6,Doyouknowwhobuiltthefirstcarintheworldandwhen?KarlBenzIn1886,Pre-questions,.,7,Howmanymainpartsdoestheautomobileconsistof?,1-engine,2-chassis,3-body,4-electricalsystem,Pre-questions,.,8,Whichiscalledthe“heart”ofautomobile?AnenginethatisusedtosupplypowerforanautomobileWhatisthechassiscomposedof?drivingsystem,runninggear,steeringsystemandbrakesystem.,Pre-questions,.,9,Drivingsystem,Brakesystem,Steeringsystem,runninggear,Pre-questions,.,10,Whatistheelectricalsystemcomposedof?Theelectricsystemincludesthebattery,generator,startingsystem,ignitionsystem,lightingsystem,hornsystem,radioandotherdevices.,Pre-questions,.,11,Whatarethefunctionsofthefoursystems?Drivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.Suspensionsystemsfunctionistoincreasestrengthanddurabilityofcomponentsandtomeetcustomersrequirementsforridingcomfortanddrivingsafety.Steeringsystemisusedtocontrolthedrivingdirectionofanautomobile.Brakesystemisusedtoretardthemotionofthevehicle.,Pre-questions,.,12,Inotherwords,anyautomobileiscomposedofthesectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricsystem.Inotherwords換句話說becomposedof由.組成譯文：換句話說，任何一輛汽車都是由發(fā)動機、底盤、車身和電器設(shè)備組成的。,II.TextExplanation,.,13,InotherwordsInotherwords,theyremainrelativelyconstantorstatic.換句話說，它們相對的穩(wěn)定、靜止。Inotherwords,wehaveadheredtoscientificsocialism.也就是說，我們堅持了科學(xué)社會主義。becomposedofNavymustbecomposedofsurfaceshipunitandsubmarineunit.海軍一定是由水面艦艇部隊和潛艇部隊組成。,II.TextExplanation,.,14,Theinternalcombustionengineburnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionor“explosion”intorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.Theinternalcombustionengine內(nèi)燃機Co.使轉(zhuǎn)變,轉(zhuǎn)換.Propelvt.推進,驅(qū)使譯文：內(nèi)燃機在汽缸內(nèi)燃燒燃料，然后把燃燒或者“爆炸”所產(chǎn)生的膨脹力變成旋轉(zhuǎn)力，用以推動車輛前進。,II.TextExplanation,.,15,Co.Theyconvertedthegarageintoatheater.他們將車庫改成戲院。convertwaterintoice.將水變成冰convertingfeetintometers.將英尺換算成公尺,II.TextExplanation,.,16,Brakesystemisabalancedsetofmechanicalandhydraulicdevicesusedtoretardthemotionofthevehiclebymeansoffriction.Hydraulichaidrlikadj.液壓的,水力的Retardritdvt.延遲,使減速,阻礙Frictionfriknn.摩擦,摩擦力譯文：制動系統(tǒng)是一套平衡的機械和液壓設(shè)備，它可通過摩擦來阻止車輛的運動。,II.TextExplanation,.,17,bymeansof用.方式（方法），依靠Theysucceededbymeansofperseverance.他們依靠堅忍不拔而獲得成功。Healwaysgoestoschoolbymeansofbike他總是騎自行車上學(xué),II.TextExplanation,.,18,II.TextExplanation,In1956,theNo.1AutoPlantwasestablishedinChangchun,andturnedoutthefirstbatchofliberationautomobilesforourcountry.establishvt.建立,設(shè)立,確定turnedoutvt.生產(chǎn),起床,翻出,制造,關(guān)掉譯文：在1956年，一汽在長春成立了，并且為我們國家生產(chǎn)出了第一批解放牌轎車。,.,19,turnoutAvastcrowdturnedouttowatchthematch.大群的觀眾到場觀看比賽。Ifthedayturnsoutwetwemayhavetochangeourplans.萬一下雨的話，我們也許得改變計劃。,II.TextExplanation,.,20,III.Exercises,TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.chassisdrivingsysteminternalcombustionenginesteeringsystembrakingsystemclutchgearboxuniversaljointpropellershaftgenerator,底盤傳動系統(tǒng)內(nèi)燃機轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)制動系統(tǒng)離合器變速箱萬向節(jié)驅(qū)動軸發(fā)電機,.,21,IdentifytheEnglishnamesofclutchaccordingtothepicture.,III.Exercises,1-engine;2-clutch;3-gearbox;4-propellershaft;5-differential;6-rearaxle,.,22,Themotorvehicleengineisbasicallyadeviceforconvertingtheinternalenergystoredinitsfuelintomechanicalenergy.Itisclassifiedasaninternalcombustionenginebyvirtueofthisenergyconversiontakingplacewithintheenginecylinders.Sincetheterm”energy”impliesthecapacitytoperformwork,theengineisthusabletopropelthevehiclealongtheroadand,withinlimits,overcomeunwantedoppositiontoitsmotionarisingfromrollingfrictionandairdrag.Tofacilitatethisprocesstheengineiscombinedwithatransmissionsystem.,III.Exercises,.,23,I.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Ineffect,thedrivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.實際上，傳動系統(tǒng)的作用是將發(fā)動機的動力傳遞到驅(qū)動車輪。Theelectricsystemsupplieslightinganddrivingpowerfortheautomobile.電氣系統(tǒng)可為汽車提供照明和驅(qū)動的電力。Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.車身的式樣為汽車提供了誘人的，多彩的，現(xiàn)代的外觀形象。,III.Exercises,.,24,汽車主要由四個部分組成，他們是：發(fā)動機、底盤、車身和電氣設(shè)備。Anautomobileisgenerallycomposedoffoursectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricalsystem.傳動系由離合器、變速箱、傳動軸、后橋、差速器、從動輪組成。Thetransmissionsystemconsistsofclutch,gearbox,propellershaft,rearaxle,differentialandthedrivingroadwheels.。,III.Exercises,II.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,.,25,氣門機構(gòu)的作用是及時地吸入新鮮的混合氣和排出廢氣Thevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem.,III.Exercises,26,ThankYou!,27,Unit2-1MainComponentsofEngine,.,28,Contents,Pre-questions,II.TextExplanation,III.Exercises,.,29,Pre-questions,Theheartofautomobile,.,30,Whatimpressionoftheengine?,complicated,power,Pre-questions,.,31,Whataretheretypesoftheengine?electricmotors,steamengines,andinternalcombustionenginesWhatstheinternalcombustionengine?burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.,Pre-questions,.,32,Single-cylinderengine,cylinder,piston,Pistonpin,Connectingrod,crankshaft,Oilpipe,Intakevalve,Exhaustvalve,Timinggear,Oilpump,.,33,whatisthepowersourceofautomobileandhowtoproduce?,piston,pistonpin,connectingrod,crankshaft,EnginePowerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.Theconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.,Pre-questions,.,34,Theenginecomprisestwomechanismandfivesystems,whatarethey?crankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism,valvegear,coolingsystem,lubricatingsystem,fuelsystem,startingsystem,ignitionsystem,Pre-questions,.,35,connectingrod,flywheel,crankshaft,piston,intakevalve,exhaustvalve,pushrod,tappet,timinggears,ValvegearConnectingrod,.,36,Enginecoolingsystem,.,37,Enginelubricatingsystem,.,38,Fuelsupplysystem,.,39,Valvegear,.,40,Whatsthefunctionofthecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism?Itsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles.,Pre-questions,.,41,Theinternalcombustionengine,asitsnameindicates,burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.譯文：內(nèi)燃機，顧名思義，就是燃料在氣缸內(nèi)部燃燒，并且把燃燒時的膨脹力轉(zhuǎn)化為驅(qū)動車輛的旋轉(zhuǎn)力。,II.TextExplanation,.,42,Ofallautomobilecomponents,plicatedkmplikeitidadj.復(fù)雜的,難解的dominancedmnnsn.優(yōu)勢,統(tǒng)治譯文：汽車發(fā)動機是一切汽車部件中結(jié)構(gòu)最復(fù)雜，對汽車功能起支配作用的一個總成。,II.TextExplanation,.,43,Itsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles.Convertinto.轉(zhuǎn)變；變換譯文：它的作用就是將熱能轉(zhuǎn)換成機械能用來驅(qū)動汽車。,II.TextExplanation,.,44,Co.轉(zhuǎn)變；變換Thatbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoaschool.那座樓房改成學(xué)校了。兌換IwanttoconvertsomeHongKongdollarsintoAmericandollars.我想把一些港元換成美元。改變信仰、黨派或意見等Shemanagedtoconverthimtoheropinion.她終于設(shè)法說服了他接受她的意見。,II.TextExplanation,.,45,Powerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.linearliniadj.線的,直線的,線性的pistonpistnn.活塞,II.TextExplanation,.,46,Thepistonattachedtothetopofaconnectingrodbyapin,calledapistonpinorwristpin.attachtov.連接connectingrod連桿pistonpin=wristpin活塞銷,II.TextExplanation,.,47,Theconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.transmitto把傳到whichchangesitintorotarymotion定語從句,II.TextExplanation,.,48,dieselengineswaterpumptheignitiondistributoroilpantiminggearcrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismvalvegearfuelsystemexhaustpipeexhaustmanifold,III.Exercises,TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.,柴油發(fā)動機水泵分電器油底殼正時齒輪曲柄連桿機構(gòu)配氣機構(gòu)燃油系統(tǒng)排氣管排氣歧管,.,49,1-cylinderheadcover2-piston3-timingtoothedbelt4-waterpump5-oilpan6-oilpump7-crankshaft8-flywheel9-distributor10-valve,III.Exercises,.,50,Thecrankshaftrepresentsthefinallinkintheconversionofreciprocatingmotionatthepistontooneofrotationattheflywheel.Inthecastofthemulti-cylinderengine,thecrankshafthastocontroltherelativemotionsofthepistons,whilereceivingtheirownimpulses.Aone-piececonstructionismostcommonlyusedforthemotor-vehiclecrankshaft,whichextendsthewholelengthoftheengineandmustthereforepossessconsiderablerigidity.,III.Exercises,.,51,Thetiming-drivefortheenginevalvemechanismistakenfromthefrontendofthecrankshaftasisthepulleyandbeltdrivefortheengineauxiliaries,suchasthecoolingfanandthealternatorforelectricalsystem.attachedtotherearendofthecrankshaftistheengineflywheel.,III.Exercises,.,52,I.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1Engineisthepowersourceoftheautomobile.Powerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.發(fā)動機是汽車的動力源.它通過汽缸內(nèi)的活塞線性運動產(chǎn)生的.2Thefuelsystemworksaccordingtotherequirementsoftheengineasitprovidesanair-fuelmixturewhichmustbeinproportiontothespeedandloadplacedontheengine.燃油系統(tǒng)的作用是根據(jù)發(fā)動機的轉(zhuǎn)速和負(fù)荷提供一定比例的可燃混合氣以滿足發(fā)動機的需求。,III.Exercises,.,53,3Thevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem.配氣機構(gòu)機構(gòu)可定時的將新鮮氣體充入氣缸，并且將廢氣排放出去。,III.Exercises,.,54,1發(fā)動機主要有兩大機構(gòu)五大系統(tǒng)組成。Anengineismainlycomposedoftwomechanismsandfivesystems.2曲柄連桿機構(gòu)主要包括機體組，活塞連桿組和曲軸飛輪組。Thecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismmainlyconsistsoftheenginecrankcaseandcylinderblock,thepistonandconnectingrod,thecrankshaftandflywheel.,III.Exercises,II.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,.,55,3水泵工作時，可以將冷卻液在發(fā)動機水套中和散熱器之間來回流動。Whenrevolving,thewaterpumpcirculatescoolantbetweentheenginewaterjacketsandtheradiator.,III.Exercises,.,56,III.Exercises,PrincipleofFour-strokeEngine,1、intakestroke2、compressstroke3、powerstroke4、exhauststroke,Intakevalve,Exhaustvalve,57,ThankYou!,58,Unit2-2CylinderBlockandCylinderHead,.,59,Contents,Pre-questions,II.TextExplanation,III.Exercises,.,60,EngineBody,crankcase,cylinderblock,cylinderhead,cylinder,oilpassageandwaterpassage,oilpan,Thecylindergasket,.,61,Whatistheengineblockcomprisedof?thecylindersectionandthecrankcasesection,Pre-questions,thecylinder,crankcase,.,62,Pre-questions,Howmanytypeshastheenginearrangement,whatarethey?,In-line,V-type,Horizontallyopposedtype,.,63,Whatsthefunctionandthematerialofthecylinderhead?Function：SealthetopthecylinderandformthecombustionchamberwiththepistonandthecylinderMaterial:greyironoralloyironaluminum,Pre-questions,.,64,cylindergasket,cylinderhead,cylindercover,pad,tofitsparkplug,Pre-questions,.,65,Whattypesofthecombustionchambersarethere?,Pre-questions,wedge-shapedbasin-shapedhemispherical,.,66,Theengineblockisthemainsupportingstructuretowhichallotherpartsareattacheddirectlyorindirectly.attachedtttvt附上.的directlyadv.直接地Indirectlyadv.間接地譯文：氣缸體是主要的支承部件，它可以將其它部件直接或間接的裝配在上面。,II.TextExplanation,反義詞,.,67,Thesurfacesaremachinedtoallowthepistonstomovewithminimumwearandfriction.allowvt允許，承認(rèn)allowsb.todosth.allowdoingsth.Frictionfriknn.摩擦,摩擦力譯文：加工出的表面允許活塞在最小磨損和摩擦力下運動。,II.TextExplanation,.,68,Allow使成為可能，允許近義詞：permitThewindfallallowedmetobuyahouse.這意外之財使我得以購置一幢房子。Allowmetointroducemyself.請允許我自我介紹一下。,II.TextExplanation,.,69,Withtheincreasedconcernforprovidinghigheroutputandlowerfuelconsumption,carmanufacturesaretryingtomakethevehiclelighter.Concernvt.涉及,關(guān)系到n.關(guān)心,關(guān)注concernfor對.的關(guān)心/憂慮concernwith和.有關(guān)（一般用.+beconcernedwith.）consumptionn.消費,消費量譯文：隨著對汽車產(chǎn)量和低燃耗的關(guān)注度越來越高，汽車生產(chǎn)廠家盡量把汽車做的輕一些。,II.TextExplanation,.,70,Concernvt.1.(不用被動語態(tài))關(guān)于2.涉及,關(guān)系到;影響到Theletterischieflyconcernedwithexportcommodities.這封信主要是關(guān)于出口商品的。Thenewsconcernsyourbrother.這消息與你兄弟有關(guān)。3.使擔(dān)心;使不安(+about/for)Theboyspoorhealthconcernedhisparents.那男孩健康狀況不佳,使他的父母親憂慮。Heisconcernedforhersafety.他擔(dān)心她的安全。4.使關(guān)心(+about/with)Hewasveryconcernedabouther.他對她非常關(guān)心。,II.TextExplanation,.,71,Itshouldbepaidattentiontothedirectionwhenfixing.to是介詞,所以后面接名詞以及動名詞.payattentiontosth./doingsth.Pleasepayattentiontotakingcareofyourbaby.請注意照顧好你的小孩.譯文：應(yīng)該注意裝配時的方向。,II.TextExplanation,.,72,Cylindergasket,Function：fittedbetweenthecylinderblockandcylinderheadtosealtheareabetweenthemandpreventleakageofgas,oilandwater.Payattentiontothedirectionwhenfixing,II.TextExplanation,.,73,Inordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp,certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock.Inorderto為了Westartedearlyinordertoarrivebeforedark.為了在天黑前到達,我們很早就動身了。,II.TextExplanation,.,74,warpw:pn.彎曲,歪曲vt.弄歪,使翹曲vi.變彎,變歪addedtoincresed（本身）增加addedto(別人，別的東西)增加譯文：為了使鋁制材料強度更高，盡可能的減少彎曲變形，可加入一定的金屬材料或者在缸體內(nèi)鑲鋼缸套。,區(qū)別,II.TextExplanation,.,75,cylinderblockcylinderheadoilpancylindergasketcylinderlinerwedge-shapedcombustionchamberbasin-shapedcombustionchamberin-lineenginessparkplugsinjection,III.Exercises,TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.,氣缸體氣缸蓋油底殼氣缸墊缸套楔形燃燒室盆形燃燒室直列發(fā)動機火花塞噴油器,.,76,III.Exercises,1-cylinderheadcover;2-cylinderhead;3-cylindergasket;4-cylinderblock;5-oilpan,.,77,Ithaslongsincebeenestablishedpracticetocombinethecylinderblockandcrankcaseintoasingleunit,thisgenerallybeingtermed“monobloc”construction.Thehistoricaloriginsofthisformofconstructiondatebacktotheearly1920s,whentherewasageneraltrendtowardssimplificationoftheenginestructure.,III.Exercises,.,78,Untilthenthecylinderblockandcrankcasewereproducedasseparateunits,incastironandaluminumalloyrespectively,andthenboltedtogether.Inrelationtomodernenginedesign,themonoblocconstructionprovidesaverynecessaryrigidfoundationfortheengineandreducesmanufacturingcosts.,III.Exercises,.,79,I.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1Inordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp,certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock.為了使鋁制缸體剛度更強和盡可能的減少磨損，可將一些材料加入其中或者在缸體中安裝缸套。2Thecylindergasketsfunctionistosealtheareabetweenthemandpreventleakageofgas,oilandwater.氣缸墊的作用就是密封缸蓋與缸體之間的區(qū)域，避免漏氣、漏油和漏水。,III.Exercises,.,80,3Thecylindersofmulti-cylinderautomotiveenginesarearrangedinoneofthreeways.多缸發(fā)動機的氣缸排列方式是這三種形式之一。,III.Exercises,.,81,II.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1氣缸墊安裝時，要注意它的方向性。Itshouldbepaidattentiontothedirectionwhenfixingthecylindergasket.2鋁制缸體為了提高它的剛度，常常要在氣缸中安裝缸套。Inordertomakethealuminumstronger,asteellineroftenplacedintheblock.3直列式是發(fā)動機中最簡單的一種排列方式。In-lineengineisthesimplestarrangement.,III.Exercises,82,ThankYou!,83,Unit2-3PistonandConnectingRod,.,84,Contents,Pre-questions,II.TextExplanation,III.Exercises,.,85,whatdoesthepistonassemblyconsistof?Itmainlyconsistsofpiston,pistonrings,pistonpin,andconnectingrod.,Pre-questions,.,86,piston,pistonrings,pistonpin,connectingrod,Pre-questions,piston,pistonrings,pistonpin,connectingrod,Function?,.,87,Function:transmittheforceofexpansiontocrankshaftthroughconnectingrodWithstandinggaspressure,Pre-questions,characteristic,light,rigid,cylindricalshapedhollow,.,88,Pre-questions,cylindricalshapedhollow,.,89,Whatisthepistoncomposedof?pistonhead,pistonlands,pistonskirtandpistonpinhole.,Pre-questions,.,90,Components,pistontop,pistonhead,pistonskirt,pistonpinhole,Pre-questions,.,91,Whatsthefunctionoftheconnectingrod?topassthereciprocatingpowerofthepistontothecrankshaft.,Pre-questions,Smallend,Connectingrodbushing,Connectingrod,Bigend,Connectingrodhalfshells,Connectingrodcap,.,92,Towithstandtheheatofthecombustionchamber,thepistonmustbestrong.Withstandvt.抵擋，經(jīng)受住thecombustionchamber燃燒室譯文：活塞必須要堅固才能承受燃燒室的熱量。,II.TextExplanation,.,93,Insomeapplication,anarrowgrooveiscutintothepistonabovethetopringtoserveasa“heatdam”toreducetheamountofheatreachingthetopring.groovegrvn.凹槽heatdam隔熱槽譯文：在有些結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了減少傳到頂部活塞環(huán)的熱量，在活塞環(huán)的上部切割出一個很窄的環(huán)槽，叫做“隔熱槽”。,II.TextExplanation,.,94,cutintov減少，侵犯,打斷Dontcutintothestory.不要打斷故事。Theknifeeasilycutintothecake.刀一下子就切進了蛋糕。Theotherhousegotoldandshabby,andthatcutintothevalue.周圍的房子都破舊不堪,這使得他房子的價值降低了。,II.TextExplanation,.,95,serveasvt.擔(dān)任(充當(dāng),起.的作用)Thesephilosophicalviewsserveasaguideinlife.這些哲學(xué)觀點可以作為處世指南。Hewillserveasmayor他將任市長一職。近義詞：actas.區(qū)別：serve為服務(wù),II.TextExplanation,.,96,Itmaybeflat,concave,andconvexoranyoneofagreatvarietyofshapestopromoteturbulenceorhelpcontrolcombustion.concaveknkeivn.凹,凹面convexknveksadj.表面彎曲如球的外側(cè),凸起的譯文：（活塞頂部）形狀可以是平頂、凹頂、凸頂或者其它各種形狀，這些形狀促進紊流或有助于控制燃燒。,II.TextExplanation,.,97,agreatvarietyofadj.多種,各種,多種多樣的Wewillappealtoagreatvarietyofsourcesofinformation.我們將求助于多種資料來源。,II.TextExplanation,.,98,Classificationofpistontop,.,99,Toavoidmisplacingtherodcapsduringassembly,theconnectingrodsandtheirmatingcapsaremarkedononesidewithserialnumbers,startingwiththefirstrodfromtheradiator,toidentifytheirlocationintheengine.譯文：為了避免裝配錯誤，從散熱器的一側(cè)為開始，在連桿以及與其相配的連桿蓋的一側(cè)標(biāo)注有序列數(shù)以區(qū)分它們在發(fā)動機中的位置。,II.TextExplanation,.,100,avoidvt.避免(n./+v-ing)Theyallavoidedmentioningthatname.他們都避免提及那名字。Shebrakedsuddenlyandavoidedanaccident.她緊急剎車,避免了一場車禍。theradiatorn.散熱器misplacemispleisvt.放錯地方,II.TextExplanation,.,101,TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.pistonringpistonpinconnectingrodexpansionforcecylinderwallinthebottomofthegroovespassthereciprocatingpowerofthepistonconnectingrodsmallendconnectingrodcapconnectingrodbearinghalfshells,III.Exercises,活塞環(huán)活塞銷連桿膨脹力汽缸壁在槽的底部傳遞活塞的往復(fù)動力連桿小頭連桿蓋連桿軸瓦,.,102,compressionrings,oilrings,pistonpin,piston,connectingrod,connectingrodbolt,crankbearinghalfshell,connectingrodcap,III.Exercises,.,103,Pistonringsareoftwobasictypes,thatis,compressionringsandoil-controlrings.Theyperformimportantfunctionsasfollows:theuppercompressionringsmustmaintainaneffectivesealagainstcombustiongasesleakingpastthepistonsintothecrankcase.Theloweroil-controlringsservetocontrolandeffectivelydistributethelubricatingoilthrownontothecylinderwalls,consistentwithmaintaininggoodlubricationandanacceptableoilconsumption.Theseringsalsoprovideameansbywhichsurplusheatistransmittedfromthepistontothecylinderwallandthentothecoolingjacket.,III.Exercises,.,104,I.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1Thepistonconvertsthepotentialenergyofthefuelintokineticenergythatturnsthecrankshaft.活塞將燃料燃燒的能量轉(zhuǎn)換成驅(qū)動曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)的動能。2Thepistonandrodassemblytransmitsthepowerfromcombustionchambertothecrankshaft.活塞連桿組將燃燒室的能量傳遞給曲軸。3ShankoftheconnectingrodisprovidedwithanI-crosssectiontogivetherodmaximumrigiditywiththeminimumofweight.為了使連桿得到最大的剛度和最小的重量，連桿桿身部分加工為工形結(jié)構(gòu)。,III.Exercises,.,105,II.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1活塞銷裝在活塞的環(huán)形的孔里。活塞銷把活塞和連桿連接起來。用來支撐活塞銷的活塞厚的部分稱為活塞銷凸臺。Apistonpinfitsintoaroundholeinthepiston.Thepistonpinjoinsthepistontotheconnectingrod.Thethickpartofthepistonthatholdsthepistonpinisthepinboss.2活塞銷貫穿活塞，把連桿小頭與活塞連在一起，并將連桿保持在活塞