Grammar Focus

Unit3,GrammarFocus,Ifyouneedhelp,whatshouldyousaypolitely?,1.Sweepthefloor,Peter!,2.Canyousweepthefloor,Peter?,3.Couldyoupleasesweepthefloor?,Whichisthemostpoliteone?,CouldIstayoutlate?,CouldIusethecar?,Sorry,youcant.Ihavetogotoameeting.,CouldIgetaride?,No,youhaveatesttomorrow.,Yes,youcan.,Grammar,Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?Yes,sure.Couldyoupleasedothedishes?Sorry,Icant.Ihavetodomyhomework.CouldIgotothemovies?Yes,youcan.CouldIusethecar?No,youcant.Ihavetogoout.,could,can的過(guò)去時(shí),禮貌的請(qǐng)求,提出建議,推測(cè),IcouldrunfastwhenIwasachild.,Couldyouhelpme?,Youcouldtalktoyourteachernow.,Hecouldntbeattheschoolthen.,Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?,你能打掃一下你的房間嗎？,在表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許的疑問(wèn)句中，我們常用could代替can，以表示禮貌、委婉或不確定的語(yǔ)氣，而can則不具有這些語(yǔ)氣。這樣用時(shí)，不能把could看作為can的過(guò)去式。,Couldyouplease?請(qǐng)你好嗎?,這里的could不是表示一般的過(guò)去式,而是用來(lái)表示委婉地提出請(qǐng)求。,Couldyoupleasedosth?,1.could表示請(qǐng)求，語(yǔ)氣委婉，顯得有禮貌Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?你可以打掃你的房間嗎？肯定回答：Yes,Ican.是的，我可以。Yes,sure./Yes,ofcourse.否定回答：Sorry,Icant.Ihavetodomyhomework.對(duì)不起，我不得不做作業(yè)。,2.could表示請(qǐng)求許可，希望得到允許。CouldIgotothemovies?我能去看電影嗎？肯定回答：Yes,youcan.Yes,sure.當(dāng)然可以。否定回答：No,youcant.不，不行。,Nowmakesentencesusingcouldandthefollowingphrases.（1）gotothemovies去看電影（2）stayoutlate在外面待得很晚（3）usethecar使用汽車(chē)（4）getaride去騎車(chē)（5）useyourcomputer使用你的電腦（6）borrowsomemoney借些錢(qián)（7）invitemyfriendstoaparty邀請(qǐng)我的朋友參加晚會(huì)（8）gotothestore去商店（9）useyourCDplayer使用你的CD播放器,3.could與can的區(qū)別could與can都是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，could是can的過(guò)去式。二者都可用于表示請(qǐng)求，但是用法稍有不同。can表示一般性的請(qǐng)求，語(yǔ)氣隨便，常用于熟人之間或長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩、上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)的場(chǎng)合；Canyoutellusyourstory,Tony?你能給我們講講你的故事嗎，Tony？,could表示有禮貌的請(qǐng)求，語(yǔ)氣委婉，常用于非熟人之間或晚輩對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩、下級(jí)對(duì)上級(jí)的場(chǎng)合。CouldyoutellusifitsnowsinwinterinAustralia?請(qǐng)告訴我們，澳大利亞冬天下雪嗎？Sure.當(dāng)然可以。,Excuseme,couldyouhelpmecarrytheheavybox?_.A.Yes,IcouldB.WithpleasureC.ItdoesntmatterD.Dontmentionit,【點(diǎn)撥】選B。Couldyou.?表示客氣地征求意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求許可的詢(xún)問(wèn)方式，不能用could回答。withpleasure表示同意，意為“樂(lè)意效勞；愿意幫助”。C、D是對(duì)感謝的回答，不符合語(yǔ)境。,Couldyouplease?,Couldyouplease？,4a,WriteRforrequestsandPforpermissions.Thenmatcheachonewiththecorrectresponse.,1._CouldIhangoutwithmyfriendsafterthemovie?2._Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?3._CouldIborrowthatbook?,a.Yes,hereyouare.b.Hmm.Howmuchdoyouneed?c.Yes,sure.Noproblem.Ifinishedreadingitlastnight.,P,R,P,4._Couldyouhelpmedothedishes?5._Couldyoulendmesomemoney?,d.Yes,butdontcomebacktoolate.e.No,Icant.IcutmyfingerandImtryingnottogetitwet.,R,R,borrowv.借；借用MayIborrowyourbike?我可以借用你的自行車(chē)嗎？,Couldyou_yourdictionarytome?A.borrowB.lendC.keepD.use,【點(diǎn)撥】選B。句意為：你能借給我你的字典嗎？對(duì)主語(yǔ)“你”來(lái)說(shuō)是借出，lend“借出”，lendsth.tosb.“把某物借給某人”,其反義詞是“borrow”。,borrow和lend都可譯為“借”，但用法不同。（1）borrow“借，借入；借用”，從主語(yǔ)的角度講，指“借入”或“借用他人的東西供自己使用”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：borrowsth.fromsb.或borrowonessth.意為“向某人借某物”。,borrow/lend,（2）lend“借出；借給”，從主語(yǔ)的角度講，表示把自己的東西“借出”給別人使用。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：lendsb.sth.或lendsth.tosb.意為“借給某人某物”。（3）borrow和lend均為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，若表達(dá)借某物多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)，不能用borrow或lend,而要用keep,意為“保存；保留”。,用borrow或lend的正確形式填空：1.He_abookfromme,andneverreturnedit.2.CanI_yourbicycle?3.Joe_thiscartousfortheweekend.4.I_twobooksfromthelibrary.5.Englishhas_manywordsfromFrench.,borrowed,borrow,lent,borrowed,borrowed,6.CanI_yourcaronSaturday?7.Canyou_me$10?8._meyourcar.9._yourcartome.,borrow,lend,Lend,Lend,單項(xiàng)選擇：1.I_somebooksfrommyfriendandI_themtomycousinthismorning.A.lent;keptB.kept;lentC.lent;borrowedD.borrowed;lent2.-CanI_yourrubber?-Sorry.Lily_italready.A.lend,haslentB.borrow,haslentC.lend,hasborrowedD.borrow,hasborrowed,D,D,3.A：Howlongcanshe_thebook?B：Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.keepD.return,C,4b,Fillintheblanksintheconversation.,A:Ihateto_chores.B:Well,Ihatesomechorestoo,butIlikeotherchores.A:Really?Great!_Iaskyouto_mewithsomechoresthen?B:Whatdoyouneedhelpwith?A:_youplease_myclothesforme?B:Idontwanttodothat!Itsboring!,do,Could,help,Could,fold,A:OK.Then_you_dothedishesforme?B:Sure,noproblem.But_wegotothemoviesafterthat?A:Sure.Illfinishmyhomeworkwhileyouhelpmewiththedishes.Thenwecangotothemovies.,could,please,could,hatev.厭惡；討厭Ihaterainydays,andIhategoing/togooutonrainydays.我討厭雨天,更討厭雨天外出。,Ihatetoplaysoccer.A.notliketoplayB.notlikeplayingC.dislikeplayD.dislikeplaying,【點(diǎn)撥】選D。hate的同義詞為dislike“不喜歡”,dislike跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式或不定式。,+n./pron.不喜歡/憎恨某人/某物+todosth.不喜歡做某事（表示具體的動(dòng)作或行為）+doingsth.不喜歡做某事（表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或行為）todosth.doingsth.,+sb.不喜歡/憎恨某人做某事,hate,B:Idontlikedoingthedishesbecauseitsboring.,Makealistofthechoresyoudo.,cleanthebike,dothedishes,cleantherooms,foldtheclothes,takeoutthetrash,sweepthefloor,cookthedinner,like,beoutside,dontlike,boring,A:IlikecleaningthebikebecauseIcanbeoutside.,4c,Makealistofthingsyourgroupneedstodoforacampingtrip.Thendiscusswhowilldothemandcompletethechart.,常見(jiàn)表示委婉請(qǐng)求做某事的句型及其答語(yǔ)：委婉請(qǐng)求：Couldyouplease+dosth.?Couldyou+dosth.?Wouldyouplease+dosth.?Wouldyou+dosth.?肯定回答：Sure./Ofcourse./Noproblem./Idloveto.否定回答：Sorry./Sorry,Icant./Idloveto,but,ImwonderingifyoucouldCouldyoupossibly?Wouldyoubeableto?Wouldyoumind?,Doyouknowanyotherrequests?,1.Iwaswonderingifyoucoulddosomethingforme.不知你能否幫個(gè)忙.2.Wouldyoubeabletoprintoutafileforme?不知你能不能幫我打印一份材料?3.CouldIhaveitwithintenminutesplease?請(qǐng)?jiān)谑昼娭畠?nèi)給我好嗎?,4.Couldyoupossiblyhelpmewiththeprinter?你能幫我查看一下這個(gè)打印機(jī)出了什么問(wèn)題嗎?5.Wouldyoumindwritingyouremaillater?你介意等一會(huì)兒再寫(xiě)你的電子郵件嗎?,向別人提出請(qǐng)求或建議的常用句型有:Would(Do)youmind+v.-ing+.?做你介意嗎？2.Can/Could/May/I(you).?我/你可以嗎？3.Will/Would/Can/Couldyouplease.？請(qǐng)你好嗎？4.Wouldyoulike+todo+.?你愿意/想嗎?5.Lets+動(dòng)詞原形.讓我們吧。,Summary,Couldyoudomeafavor?表示請(qǐng)求獲得幫助,意思和Can/Couldyouhelpme?一樣。2.Wouldyoumind+v.-ing的否定形式是在mind后面加not,即Wouldyoumindnot.?結(jié)構(gòu)。Wouldyoumindnotstandinginfrontofme？請(qǐng)你不要站在我的前面好嗎？,注意,表達(dá)“不介意”：No,certainlynot.Ofcoursenot.Notatall.表達(dá)“介意”：Yes,youdbetternot.Yes,pleasedont.Imsorry,butIdo.Sorry,but.,3.對(duì)于請(qǐng)求或提建議的句型常用的應(yīng)答語(yǔ)有:肯定回答:Sure./Certainly./Allright./Ofcours