初中英語名詞專項講解

1、No Cross, No crown不經(jīng)歷風雨，怎么見彩虹名詞一 導(dǎo)入：有一天，一只老鐘對一只小鐘說：你一年里要擺525600下啦?！毙＄妵槈牧?，說哇,這么多，這怎么可能？！我怎么能完成那么多下呢！”這時候，另一只老鐘笑著說：不用怕，你只需一秒鐘擺一下，每一秒堅持下來就可以了?！毙＄姼吲d了，想著：一秒鐘擺一下好像并不難啊，試試看吧。果然，很輕松地就擺了一下。不知不覺一年過去了，小鐘已經(jīng)擺了525600下！很簡單的故事，卻寓意著深刻的道理，當我們面對大困難的時候，往往望而怯步，孰不知只要根據(jù)實 際，分期制定小目標，一一完成就行了。二專題講解：掌握要點：名詞的分類（專有名詞和普通名詞）名詞的數(shù)1）

2、區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，區(qū)分方法2）可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化，分為規(guī)則變化及不規(guī)則變化 名詞所有格 含義、構(gòu)成 兩種形式：所有格及of所有格 知識點：一、名詞的分類1 .專有名詞：名字（人名、地名、書名、機構(gòu)名 卜與國家有關(guān)的（國家、國民、語言卜日期（節(jié)日、星 期、月份）例句： My name is Lucy . I am a Chinese . I will go to the Great Wall on Monday .2 .普通名詞：包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞表示個體的人或事物例：sister、table、bike、window可數(shù)名詞.集體名詞 表示一群人或一些事物例：family、

3、police、class、group不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞-抽象名詞表示構(gòu)成物體的物質(zhì)或材料例：water、air、wood表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等例：danger、interest區(qū)分方法：將物體分成兩半，如果每半不能叫原名，則為可數(shù)名詞，如果還可叫原名，則為不可數(shù)名 詞。注：有些單詞意義發(fā)生變化，單復(fù)數(shù)也發(fā)生變化，例：glass作玻璃杯時可數(shù)，作玻璃時不可數(shù)。身兼二職的名詞對照表glassfishchickentime可數(shù)玻璃杯魚類小雞次、倍不可數(shù)玻璃魚肉雞肉時間orangelightpaperhair可數(shù)叱電燈報紙/試卷（幾根）頭發(fā)不可數(shù)橘汁光紙頭發(fā)exerciseidealifewor

4、k可數(shù)練習題士忌/忌見生命著作不可數(shù)鍛煉了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可數(shù)火雞收音機青年人經(jīng)歷不可數(shù)火雞肉無線電年輕、青春經(jīng)驗interestroom可數(shù)愛好房間不可數(shù)興趣空間【注意】（1） family, class等詞作為一個整體時視為單數(shù)，強調(diào)其家庭/族成員或班級成員時視為復(fù)數(shù);（2） 部分有生命的集體名詞本身就是復(fù)數(shù)的概念：police指警察、警官的總稱，本身表示復(fù)數(shù)。The police（主語）+謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)people指人們、人民，本身表示復(fù)數(shù)。（The） people+謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)people指民族，有單、復(fù)數(shù)變化e.g. fifty-six p

5、eoples五十六個民族二、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式（1）規(guī)則變化：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成，通常是在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es1、一般情況在詞尾直接加s ,例bagso2、 以 s、 x、 sh、 ch 結(jié)尾的詞力口 -es,例 bus-buses box-boxes3、以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，y變成i加-es例city-cities ;以元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，直接加 s。4、以。結(jié)尾的除potato（馬鈴薯）、tomato（西紅柿）、hero（英雄）力口 es,其余直接加 s。5、以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變 f或fe為v力口 es, roof、proof直接加-s,例 life-lives wife-w

6、ives roof-roofs。（2）不規(guī)則變化1、單詞拼寫發(fā)生變化man-men woman-women policeman-policemen foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-micechild-children2、某國人變復(fù)數(shù)，口訣： 中日不變英法變，其余 s加后面例：an Englishman-Englishmen an American-Americans3、單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同常用分以下幾類：表小動物的名詞deer 鹿，fish 魚，sheep 綿羊，bison 野牛，crab 螃蟹表示人的名詞Chinese 中國人，Japanese日本人，Swiss瑞士人，ki

7、n 親 屬craft及由-craft構(gòu)成的名詞craft 飛機， aircraft 飛機， spacecraft 太空船表示數(shù)量的名詞Hundred 百，thousand 千,million 白力，dozen 打， score二十其他series 系歹U; species 種類； means 方法(3)不可數(shù)名詞一般只用單數(shù)，它不能與例：a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡)a/an及數(shù)次搭配使用。表示數(shù)量時用量詞搭配。three pieces of paper（三張紙）two glasses of milk（兩杯牛奶） four bottles of water（四杯水）三、名詞所有格含

8、義：名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系表示形式：一種是Beijing is ChinaThis is Tom 'Lily is the key'所有格，一種是of所有格's capital.= Beijing is the captital of China.s bike = This is the bike of Tom.s owner尸 Lily is the owner of the key.1、斫有格構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞及不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只需在詞尾加，s如Lucy' s pein西的鋼筆 Children ' s DayL童節(jié)）；以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，

9、只加，如the students ' book們的書。2、幾個人共有的東西，只需在最后一個人的名詞后加s,口 Lucy and Lily ' s bedroom和莉莉的臥室）。表示各自所有，則每個名詞都加s如Lucy' s and Lily ' s desks的桌子和莉莉的桌子）。3.of所有格：1） .of用來表示無生命的名詞所有格。the map of China the door of the room2） .雙重所有格：of +名詞所有格of +名詞性的物住代詞He is a friend of my（brother ）.Is she a daughte

10、r of（you）?典型例題講解1. They got much from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories2. I have two and three bottles of here.A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes a to his home .A. 25 minutes' walkB. 25 minute ' s walkC

11、. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk4. An old wants to see you.A. people B. person C. the people D. the person5. Help yourself to.A. chickens and applesB. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two.D. rooms numbersA. room ' s number B. rooms ' numb

12、er C. room numbers7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her secondA. family8.B. houseC. homeD. roommothers couldn't go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and PeterC. Mary ' s and Peter8. Mary and PeterD. Mary ' s and Peter9. Li Lei has been

13、 toA. her unclemany times this month.B. her uncle ' sC. her unclesD. aunt sin teaching.10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnA. many experiencesB. much experienceA. youD. your sisterC. an experience11. A classmate ofB.yourD. a lot experience was here ten minutes ago.C. your sister12. A grou

14、p ofare talking with twoA. Frenchmen, GermansB. Germans ,FrenchmansC. Frenchmans , GermenD. Germen , Frenchmen13.The teamhaving a meeting .A. isB. are14.“Would you likeC. am ?D. be,please.A. drink, Three coffeesB. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffee15. The Great Wall was made not only by,but

15、 also the flesh and blood ofmen.A.earth and stone, millions ofB. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million ofD. the earths and stones, millionsD. a drink, Three cups of coffees三鞏固訓(xùn)練:1. This isreading-room.A. the teacher'EBx teacher ' (s. teacher' D. the teachers2. Nothin

16、g was found but broken.A. the room window B. the room ' s window C. the room of the window! the window of room3. How many would you like?A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread4. He was praised for hisA. brave B. bravery C. bravely D. great brave5. Please get me a new when you g

17、o to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers6. There are 34 doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. woman ' s D. women ' s7. Some are even thinner than your little finger.A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos8. He was born in this town and now he lives in

18、A. Building second B. Building Two C. the Building Two D. Building the Second9. Old as he is, he has to do every day.A. a lot of workB. much worksC. lots of homeworksD. quite a lot of homeworks10. Jack ' s room is furnished with.A. new furnituresB. many new furnituresC. many new pieces of furnit

19、ures D. many new pieces of furniture11. Have you read newspaper yet?A. today ' sB. Today ' sC. the today ' sD. your today ' s12. It ' s not far, only walk from here to our school.A. a ten minutesB. ten minutesC. a ten minutes ' D. ten minutes '13. Last month, he wrote me

20、letter.A. a 1000-wordB. 1000 wordsC. a 1000-wordsD. 1000 words '14. He had a sleep yesterday.A. a good nightB. a good-nightC. a good night ' s D. good-night' s15. is not a long way to drive.A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distanceC. Three miles ' distanceD. A three-mile-distanc

21、e16. His isn ' t fit for the work. Please get me.A. something elseB. somebody elseC. someone else' sD. somebody ' s else17. Do you know how large is?A. population of China B. Chinese populationC. China populationD. China ' s population18. is too much for the boy to carry.A. The box w

22、eightB. The box ' s weightC. The weight of the boxD. The box of the weight19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest shop?A.shoesB.shoeC.shoes 'D.shoe ' s20. What weather we ' re having these days!A. niceB.a niceC. a badD.worse21. They say that the meeting will be.A. of very importa

23、ntB. great importanceC. of great importance D. great important22. I' m going to call at this evening.A. Mr BlackB. the BlacksC. Mr Black' sD. Blacks '23. What Darwin saidwas an attack onpeople ' sreligiousA. beliefB. beliefsC. beliefsD. believs24. There are some waiting for yououtsid

24、e.A. GermanB. AmericanC. grown-upD. Japanese25. Their factory has developed a kind of to help people walk.A. machineB. machinesC. a machineD. the machine26. There ' re many in my brother ' s album.A. leafsB. toysC. booksD. stamps27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of.A.

25、 tomatoesB. potatosC. vegetableD. meats28. Upon hearing what I said, his rose.A. angerB. angryC. angrilyD.angriness29. Excuse me, can you change this for me?A. five-pound noteB.five pounds noteC. five-pound notesD.five pounds notes30. You have to make for your journeyA. preparingB.preparationC. a pr

26、eparationD.preparations四課堂過手訓(xùn)練：1. We haven't got much for our picnic. Will you go and get some? (07)A apple B tomato C bread D biscuit1.1 ' ve read sports news about the Fl race today.(05)A two B pieces C two piece D two pieces of3. Linda, I've bought many. Now let's make the birthday cake.(03)A. fresh e