《安徽省含山一中八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè) Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation 知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納 （新版）人教新目標(biāo)版》

1、unit 1 where did you go on vacation必記單詞 1. anyone pron.(不定代詞） 任何人 nothing pron. (不定代詞）沒有什么，沒有一件東西 something pron.(不定代詞）某事；某物 everyone pron. (不定代詞）每人；人人；所有人 someone pron.(不定代詞） 某人anywhere adv. （不定副詞）在任何地方 2. wonderful adj. 精彩的；絕妙的 3. few adj. & pron. 不多；很少quite a few 相當(dāng)多；不少notice：few, a few, litt

2、le,a little用法 a few + 可數(shù)名詞 肯定句 a little + 不可數(shù)名詞 肯定句 few + 可數(shù)名詞 否定句 little + 不可數(shù)名詞 否定句 4. most adj., adv. & pron. 最多；大多數(shù) 5. myself pron.我自己；我本人 yourself pron.你自己；您自己yourselves pl. 你們自己notice：反身代詞 第一、二人稱的反身代詞由物主代詞加self構(gòu)成。第三人稱的反身代詞由 代詞賓格加self構(gòu)成。 ourselves 我們自己 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 the

3、mselves 他們自己 6. hen n. 母雞pig n. 豬 bird n. 鳥 duck n. 鴨 7. seem v. 好像；似乎；看來(lái) 8. bored adj. 厭倦的；煩悶的 9. diary n. 日記；記事簿 10. activity n. 活動(dòng) 11. decide v. 決定；選定 decide to do sth. 決定去做某事 12. try v.& n. 嘗試；設(shè)法；努力notice: try to do sth.與 try doing sth.辨析 try to do sth.(盡力、設(shè)法去做某事）表示想盡一切辦法要把某事辦成，強(qiáng)調(diào)付出一定的努力設(shè)法去完

4、成 try doing sth.（嘗試著做某事）表示一種嘗試、做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力 eg.: i tried calling him, but no one answered. im trying to learn english well. 13. bicycle n. 自行車；腳踏車 14. building n. 建筑物；房子 notice: build(建造，建筑）+ ing = building(建筑物） build(建造，建筑）+ er = builder(建設(shè)者，建筑者） 15. trader n. 商人 16. wonder v. 想知道；琢磨 17. differ

5、ence n. 差別；差異 ( different adj. 不同的，有差異的） 18. top n. 頂部；表面 19. wait v. 等待；等候 （wait for sb./sth. 等待某人/某物） 20. umbrella n. 傘；雨傘 21. wet adj. 濕的；潮濕的；下雨的 22. below prep.& adv. 在···下面；到···下面 反義詞 above 超過(guò)；在···之上 23. enough adj. & adv. 足夠的（地）；充足的（地）；充分的（地

6、） 巧記enough在句中的位置：修飾名詞很自由，可以前來(lái)也可后， 若是修飾形或副，一定后置要記住。 eg. : 1. we have enough time to do our homework. (adj.) 2. i know him well enough. (adv.) 3. he runs quickly enough. (adv.) 24. hungry adj. 饑餓的 25. as adv. 像···一樣；如同 26. hill n. 小山；山丘 27. dislike v. & n. 不喜愛（的事物）；厭惡（的事物） dis (否定前綴

7、) + like (喜歡) = dislike(不喜歡，厭惡)2 常考詞組及課文知識(shí)點(diǎn) 1. go on vacation 去度假 2. go out 出去 3. of course 當(dāng)然 4. because of 因?yàn)楸嫖觯篵ecause of 與 because 后可跟名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語(yǔ)，不能接動(dòng)詞he lost his job because of his age.because連詞，意為“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，表明直接明確的原因或理由i didnt buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 5. take photos

8、照相 6. come up 出來(lái) 7.辨析：quite a few與quite a littlequite a few相當(dāng)多；不少修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)he will stay here for quite a few days.quite a little許多，相當(dāng)多修飾不可數(shù)名詞there is quite a little water in the bottle. 8. have a good time 玩得高興；過(guò)得愉快 同義短語(yǔ)：enjoy oneself 9. feel like 給···的感覺；感受到 10. find out 找出；查明 11. up a

9、nd down 上上下下 12. 辨析:so···that···與so thatso···that··· 如此···以至于···，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）our school is so beautiful that everyone likes it.so that以便；為了。引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句he gets up early every morning so that he can catch the early bus

10、. 13. most of the time 大部分時(shí)間（其中most為代詞，意為“大部分；大多數(shù)；大體上”。most of···意為“···中的大多數(shù)”，它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于most of后所修飾的名詞） 14. go shopping 去購(gòu)物，去買東西（同義短語(yǔ)：do some shopping） 15. go to the mountains 去爬山 16. visit museums 參觀博物館 17. taste good 嘗起來(lái)很好吃 18. walk around 四處走走 19.the next day 第二天

11、20. stay at home 待在家里 21. go to the beach 去海灘 22. go to summer camp 去參加夏令營(yíng) 23. study for 為···而學(xué)習(xí) 24. in the past 在過(guò)去 25. too many 太多辨析：too many, too much, much tootoo many后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“太多”mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，意為“太多” ； 還可修飾動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)1. we have too much to do.2

12、. dont talk too much.much too修飾形容是或副詞，意為“太”1. the hat is much too big for me.2. youre walking much too fast.巧記三者區(qū)別：too much, much too, 用法區(qū)別看后頭；much后接不可數(shù)，too后修飾形或副。too many要記住，后面名詞必復(fù)數(shù)。 26. one bowl of··· 一碗··· 27. drink tea 喝茶 28. go on 繼續(xù) 29. something important 重要的事 30

13、. buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 為某人買某物 31. arrive in + 大地點(diǎn) arrive at + 小地點(diǎn) 到達(dá)某地 33. try to do sth. 盡力、設(shè)法去做某事 try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事 34. decide to do sth. 決定去做某事 35. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 36. want to do sth. 想要去做某事 37. start doing sth. 開始做某事 38. 辨析：stop doing sth.與stop to do sth.stop doing sth. 停止做

14、某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)停止正在做的事）we stopped eating.我們停止吃東西。stop to do sth.停下來(lái)去做另一件事情（強(qiáng)調(diào)停下來(lái)去做另外一件事）we stopped to eat.我們停下來(lái)開始吃東西。 40. dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事 41. why not do sth.? 為什么不做···呢？ 42. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人（不要）做某事 43. keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事 44. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事（事情還沒做） forget doin

15、g sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事（事情已經(jīng)做過(guò)了） 45. 辨析exciting 與 excited exciting令人興奮的；使人激動(dòng)的可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)主語(yǔ)通常是物the story is exciting.he told me the exciting news.excited感到興奮的；激動(dòng)的常作表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)通常為人sarah was excited to see the singer. 一言辨異： the exciting news made us excited. 這個(gè)振奮人心的消息讓我們感到很興奮。 46. 辨析bring 與 takebring意為“帶來(lái)；拿來(lái)”，指從別處帶到說(shuō)

16、話者所在地dont forget to bring your homework here tomorrow. take意為“拿走；帶走”，指從說(shuō)話者所在地帶到別處well take the students to the museum. 三語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng) （一）復(fù)合不定代詞 【教材典句】1. -did you go out with anyone? -no. no one was here. everyone was on vacation.2. -did everyone have a good time? -oh, yes. everything was excellent. 【語(yǔ)法全解】1.

17、構(gòu)成：由some, any, no, every加上-thing, -one, -body構(gòu)成的不定代詞為復(fù)合不定代詞。具體如下：(自己補(bǔ)全下列表格）-one-body-thingsome-any-every-no-2. 用法： （1）復(fù)合不定代詞相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，但不能作定語(yǔ)。somebody, something, someone一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。there is someone outside the door.i dont have anything to say today

18、.is there anyone in the room? （2）復(fù)合不定代詞被形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等修飾時(shí)，形容詞和動(dòng)詞不定式等應(yīng)置于其后。i have something important to tell you.do you want anything to drink?there is nothing wrong with the radio. （3）復(fù)合不定代詞表示單數(shù)概念，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。everything begins to grow in spring.someone is waiting for you st the door. （4）但在表示請(qǐng)求、建議、反問(wèn)

19、等的疑問(wèn)句中，問(wèn)話者希望得到肯定回答時(shí)，常用含有some的不定代詞something，somebody，someone等。will you ask someone to carry the box for me?would you like something to eat?（5） anyone, anything也可在肯定句中，表示“任何人，任何事” anyone can do this. i can do anything for you.（2） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 【教材典句】1. i just stayed at home···我只是待在家里

20、···2. ···so we decided to go to the beach···3. we took quite a few photos there.4. ···i bought something for my father. stayed, decided,took,bought分別為stay, decide, take, buy的過(guò)去式【語(yǔ)法全解】英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞按其過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成方式可以分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式由詞尾加-ed構(gòu)成，而不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變

21、化因詞而異。（1） 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成和發(fā)音： 一般的動(dòng)詞直接加-edwatch-watchedhelp-helpedwork-worked讀音規(guī)則注意： 清輔音后讀/ t / ; 濁輔音和元音后 讀/ d /; 輔音/ t /與/ d /后 讀/ id /.以字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞只加-dlove-lovedlive-livedarrive-arrived以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為i，再加-edstudy-studiedcry-criedworry-worried重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加-edshop-shoppedstop-stopped 規(guī)則動(dòng)

22、詞過(guò)去式構(gòu)成歌訣： 過(guò)去式構(gòu)成有規(guī)律，一般詞尾加-ed。如若詞尾有個(gè)e,直接加-d就可以。 輔音字母y結(jié)尾，變y為i加-ed。以輔重閉作尾巴，雙寫之后加-ed。 （2）不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的變化各異，需要特殊記憶，每個(gè)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化形式，都必須牢記。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的變化沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則，但并不是沒有一點(diǎn)規(guī)律，下面介紹一部分記憶規(guī)律 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與原形一樣。let-let, put-put, read-read, cut-cut等。 遇見i改為a。swim-swam, sing-sang, begin-began, sit-sat, give-gave, drink-drank巧記：游泳唱歌后

23、，開始坐下來(lái)，給點(diǎn)喝的吧，i就變成a 。 過(guò)去式以ought和aught結(jié)尾的單詞。bring-brought, buy-bought, think-thought, catch-caught, teach-taught 中間去e末尾加-t.feel-felt, keep-kept, sleep-slept, sweep-swept, meet- met, feed-fed巧記：東西中間兩個(gè)e,去掉一個(gè)后加t；如是t,d來(lái)結(jié)尾，去e之后不加t。把i變?yōu)閛 ride-rode, drive-drove, write-wrote 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變i為o的單詞：“騎馬”，“開車”，“寫字”。ow/aw變

24、為ew know-knew, grow-grew, throw-threw, draw-drew以d結(jié)尾的詞，把d變?yōu)閠.build-built, lend-lent, send-sent, spendspentexercise1 單選 1. - excuse me, is there in todays newspaper? - no, nothing. a. something new b. new something c. anything new 2. - dose the soup nice? - yes. its hot, but really delicious. a. soun

25、d b. feel c. look d. taste 3. - september 10th is day in china, isnt it? - yes, it is. a. a teacher b. teachers c. teacher d. teachers 4. i enjoy my bike in the mountains. its not always easy,but exciting. a. ride b. rode c. to ride d. riding 5. why dont you your friends to the party? i want to meet them. a. bring b. brings c. leaves d. take 6.- dont forget your homework, john. - ok. ill do it right now. a. doing b. do c. to do 7. - i feel tired and sleepy. - why not stop for a while? a. rest b. to rest c. testing d. rested 8. project hope built (建造) many schools b